scholarly journals Virtual histology of archaeological human deciduous prenatal enamel through synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography images

2022 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Nava ◽  
Patrick Mahoney ◽  
Luca Bondioli ◽  
Alfredo Coppa ◽  
Emanuela Cristiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
Pixel Size ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Virtual Histology ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Secretion Rates

Virtual histology is increasingly utilized to reconstruct the cell mechanisms underlying dental morphology for fragile fossils when physical thin sections are not permitted. Yet, the comparability of data derived from virtual and physical thin sections is rarely tested. Here, the results from archaeological human deciduous incisor physical sections are compared with virtual ones obtained by phase-contrast synchrotron radiation computed microtomography (SRµCT) of intact specimens using a multi-scale approach. Moreover, virtual prenatal daily enamel secretion rates are compared with those calculated from physical thin sections of the same tooth class from the same archaeological skeletal series. Results showed overall good visibility of the enamel microstructures in the virtual sections which are comparable to that of physical ones. The highest spatial resolution SRµCT setting (effective pixel size = 0.9 µm) produced daily secretion rates that matched those calculated from physical sections. Rates obtained using the lowest spatial resolution setup (effective pixel size = 2.0 µm) were higher than those obtained from physical sections. The results demonstrate that virtual histology can be applied to the investigated samples to obtain reliable and quantitative measurements of prenatal daily enamel secretion rates.

Determination of reservoir rock residual water using X-ray computed microtomography

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Yazynina ◽  
◽  
E.V. Shelyago ◽  
A.A. Abrosimov ◽  
N.E. Grachev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
X Ray Computed

Acoustic emission and X-ray computed microtomography characterization of damage accumulation in a woven Cf/SiC composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 109748
Author(s):  
Yudong Xue ◽  
Qinglei Wang ◽  
Jianbao Hu ◽  
Haijun Zhou ◽  
Qingliang Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Damage Accumulation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
X Ray Computed

scholarly journals The Impacts of Spatial Resolution, Viewing Angle, and Spectral Vegetation Indices on the Quantification of Woody Mediterranean Species Seasonality Using Remote Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1958
Author(s):  
Shelly Elbaz ◽  
Efrat Sheffer ◽  
Itamar M. Lensky ◽  
Noam Levin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Viewing Angle ◽  
Pixel Size ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Nadir Point

Discriminating between woody plant species using a single image is not straightforward due to similarity in their spectral signatures, and limitations in the spatial resolution of many sensors. Seasonal changes in vegetation indices can potentially improve vegetation mapping; however, for mapping at the individual species level, very high spatial resolution is needed. In this study we examined the ability of the Israel/French satellite of VENμS and other sensors with higher spatial resolutions, for identifying woody Mediterranean species, based on the seasonal patterns of vegetation indices (VIs). For the study area, we chose a site with natural and highly heterogeneous vegetation in the Judean Mountains (Israel), which well represents the Mediterranean maquis vegetation of the region. We used three sensors from which the indices were derived: a consumer-grade ground-based camera (weekly images at VIS-NIR; six VIs; 547 individual plants), UAV imagery (11 images, five bands, seven VIs) resampled to 14, 30, 125, and 500 cm to simulate the spatial resolutions available from some satellites, and VENμS Level 1 product (with a nominal spatial resolution of 5.3 m at nadir; seven VIs; 1551 individual plants). The various sensors described seasonal changes in the species’ VIs at different levels of success. Strong correlations between the near-surface sensors for a given VI and species mostly persisted for all spatial resolutions ≤125 cm. The UAV ExG index presented high correlations with the ground camera data in most species (pixel size ≤125 cm; 9 of 12 species with R ≥ 0.85; p < 0.001), and high classification accuracies (pixel size ≤30 cm; 8 species with >70%), demonstrating the possibility for detailed species mapping from space. The seasonal dynamics of the species obtained from VENμS demonstrated the dominant role of ephemeral herbaceous vegetation on the signal recorded by the sensor. The low variance between the species as observed from VENμS may be explained by its coarse spatial resolution (effective ground spatial resolution of 7.5) and its non-nadir viewing angle (29.7°) over the study area. However, considering the challenging characteristics of the research site, it may be that using a VENμS type sensor (with a spatial resolution of ~1 m) from a nadir point of view and in more homogeneous and dense areas would allow for detailed mapping of Mediterranean species based on their seasonality.

scholarly journals Visualization Ability of Phase-Contrast Synchrotron-Based X-Ray Imaging Using an X-Ray Interferometer in Soft Tissue Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 153303382110101
Author(s):  
Thet-Thet Lwin ◽  
Akio Yoneyama ◽  
Hiroko Maruyama ◽  
Tohoru Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
X Ray Computed

Phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray imaging using an X-ray interferometer provides high sensitivity and high spatial resolution, and it has the ability to depict the fine morphological structures of biological soft tissues, including tumors. In this study, we quantitatively compared phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray computed tomography images and images of histopathological hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections of spontaneously occurring rat testicular tumors that contained different types of cells. The absolute densities measured on the phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray computed tomography images correlated well with the densities of the nuclear chromatin in the histological images, thereby demonstrating the ability of phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray imaging using an X-ray interferometer to reliably identify the characteristics of cancer cells within solid soft tissue tumors. In addition, 3-dimensional synchrotron-based phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography enables screening for different structures within tumors, such as solid, cystic, and fibrous tissues, and blood clots, from any direction and with a spatial resolution down to 26 μm. Thus, phase-contrast synchrotron-based X-ray imaging using an X-ray interferometer shows potential for being useful in preclinical cancer research by providing the ability to depict the characteristics of tumor cells and by offering 3-dimensional information capabilities.

scholarly journals Author Correction: A quantitative analysis of 3D-cell distribution in regenerative muscle-skeletal system with synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markéta Tesařová ◽  
Lucia Mancini ◽  
Andras Simon ◽  
Igor Adameyko ◽  
Markéta Kaucká ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
X Ray Computed

X-ray computed microtomography for the structural analysis of jewelry from the Museum “Royal Tombs of Sipán”

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
pp. S38-S42
Author(s):  
Soraia Rodrigues de Azeredo ◽  
Roberto Cesareo ◽  
Angel Guillermo Bustamante Dominguez ◽  
Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Flat Panel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The North ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
X Ray Computed

Precious ornaments from the Museum Royal Tombs of Sipán were analyzed by X-ray computed microtomography (microCT). The ornaments analyzed were golden earrings produced by the Moche culture that flourished along the north coast of present-day Peru between approximately 100 and 600 AD. Sipán, also known as Huava Rajada, is a mochica archaeological complex in the north of Peru. In particular, the spectacular jewelry, mainly composed of gold, silver, and copper alloys, gilded copper, and tumbaga, from the Museum “Royal Tombs of Sipán,” in Lambayeque, north of Peru, are some of the most sophisticated metalworking ever produced of pre-Columbian America. A portable microCT system consisting of a high-resolution flat panel detector and a mini X-ray tube were used for the structural analysis of these ornaments. The microCT images show parts of the internal structure, highlighting the manufacturing technique and gold sheets joining techniques of the Moche artisans. Furthermore, the advantage of using the portable microCT system for nondestructive testing is clear when the sample cannot be taken to the laboratory.

scholarly journals Assessment of stone heritage decay by X-ray computed microtomography: I - a case study of Portuguese Braga granite

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (S6) ◽  
pp. 160-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maurício ◽  
C. Figueiredo ◽  
M.F. Pereira ◽  
C. Alves ◽  
M. Bergounioux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
X Ray Computed
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