scholarly journals Brief self-efficacy interventions to increase healthy dietary behaviours: evidence from two randomized controlled trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (11) ◽  
pp. 3297-3311
Author(s):  
Emily P. Bouwman ◽  
Marleen C. Onwezen ◽  
Danny Taufik ◽  
David de Buisonjé ◽  
Amber Ronteltap
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Dietary Behaviours ◽  
Improve Compliance ◽  
Insight Into

PurposeSelf-efficacy has often been found to play a significant role in healthy dietary behaviours. However, self-efficacy interventions most often consist of intensive interventions. The authors aim to provide more insight into the effect of brief self-efficacy interventions on healthy dietary behaviours.Design/methodology/approachIn the present article, two randomized controlled trials are described. In study 1, a brief self-efficacy intervention with multiple self-efficacy techniques integrated on a flyer is tested, and in study 2, an online brief self-efficacy intervention with a single self-efficacy technique is tested.FindingsThe results show that a brief self-efficacy intervention can directly increase vegetable intake and indirectly improve compliance to a diet plan to eat healthier.Originality/valueThese findings suggest that self-efficacy interventions do not always have to be intensive to change dietary behaviours and that brief self-efficacy interventions can also lead to more healthy dietary behaviours.

Strategies to Prevent Acute Kidney Injury after Pediatric Cardiac Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1480-1490
Author(s):  
Jef Van den Eynde ◽  
Nicolas Cloet ◽  
Robin Van Lerberghe ◽  
Michel Pompeu B.O. Sá ◽  
Dirk Vlasselaers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Relative Risk Reduction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pediatric Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background and objectivesAKI is a common complication after pediatric cardiac surgery and has been associated with higher morbidity and mortality. We aimed to compare the efficacy of available pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic strategies to prevent AKI after pediatric cardiac surgery.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsPubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and reference lists of relevant articles were searched for randomized controlled trials from inception until August 2020. Random effects traditional pairwise, Bayesian network meta-analyses, and trial sequential analyses were performed.ResultsTwenty randomized controlled trials including 2339 patients and 11 preventive strategies met the eligibility criteria. No overall significant differences were observed compared with control for corticosteroids, fenoldopam, hydroxyethyl starch, or remote ischemic preconditioning in traditional pairwise meta-analysis. In contrast, trial sequential analysis suggested a 80% relative risk reduction with dexmedetomidine and evidence of <57% relative risk reduction with remote ischemic preconditioning. Nonetheless, the network meta-analysis was unable to demonstrate any significant differences among the examined treatments, including also acetaminophen, aminophylline, levosimendan, milrinone, and normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve probabilities showed that milrinone (76%) was most likely to result in the lowest risk of AKI, followed by dexmedetomidine (70%), levosimendan (70%), aminophylline (59%), normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (57%), and remote ischemic preconditioning (55%), although all showing important overlap.ConclusionsCurrent evidence from randomized controlled trials does not support the efficacy of most strategies to prevent AKI in the pediatric population, apart from limited evidence for dexmedetomidine and remote ischemic preconditioning.

Implementation strategies for guidelines at ICUs: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Portia Jordan ◽  
Ferestas Mpasa ◽  
Wilma ten Ham-Baloyi ◽  
Candice Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Educational Outreach ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze empirical studies related to the implementation strategies for clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) in intensive care units (ICUs). Design/methodology/approach A systematic review with a narrative synthesis adapted from Popay et al.’s method for a narrative synthesis was conducted. A search using CINAHL, Google Scholar, Academic search complete, Cochrane Register for Randomized Controlled Trials, MEDLINE via PUBMED and grey literature was conducted in 2014 and updated in 2016 (August). After reading the abstracts, titles and full-text articles, 11 (n=11) research studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings After critical appraisal, using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Tools, eight randomized controlled trials conducted in adult and neonatal ICUs using implementation strategies remained. Popay et al.’s method for narrative synthesis was adapted and used to analyze and synthesize the data and formulate concluding statements. Included studies found that multi-faceted strategies appear to be more effective than single strategies. Strategies mostly used were printed educational materials, information/ sessions, audit, feedback, use of champion leaders, educational outreach visits, and computer or internet usage. Practical training, monitoring visits and grand rounds were less used. Practical implications Findings can be used by clinicians to implement the best combination of multi-faceted implementation strategies in the ICUs in order to enhance the optimal use of CPGs. Originality/value No systematic review was previously done on the implementation strategies that should be used best for optimal CPG implementation in the ICU.

scholarly journals Interventions to enhance self‐efficacy in cancer patients: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1781-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas V. Merluzzi ◽  
James E. Pustejovsky ◽  
Errol J. Philip ◽  
Stephanie J. Sohl ◽  
Mark Berendsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Audiovisual Educational Intervention for Children and Adolescent with Cancer: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noyuri Yamaji ◽  
Daichi Suzuki ◽  
Maiko Suto ◽  
Erika Ota
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cancer Education ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background : Audiovisual materials for children have been widely used for cancer education; however, the effects of the materials remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of audiovisual educational interventions for children.Methods : We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and CINAHL on 3 September 2018. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials that evaluated the audiovisual materials for children with cancer were included to identify the effects of the audiovisual interventions. The results of the analysis were evaluated using the Grade of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation to assess the certainty of evidence.Results: From the identified 5,367 studies, we included four reports based on two trials that included 388 children under 18 years old. One trial found that audiovisual educational intervention increased knowledge and self-efficacy (very low certainty of the evidence). The other trial reported that there were no clear differences in perceived stress and health locus of control (very low certainty of the evidence). The result of the meta-analysis indicated that there was no clear difference between the intervention group and the control group for the quality of life (very low certainty of the evidence).Conclusion: Audiovisual interventions might increase knowledge and self-efficacy, but there were no meaningful overall conclusions. Further trials are needed to assess educational interventions used in pediatric cancer treatment. Healthcare professionals should consider whether the materials they are currently using to communicate cancer-related information are sufficient and understandable for children with cancer.Systematic review registration: We registered the protocol to the PROSPERO (Registration: CRD42018110562)

The Effect of Partly Missing Covariates on Statistical Power in Randomized Controlled Trials With Discrete-Time Survival Endpoints

Methodology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Shahab Jolani ◽  
Maryam Safarkhani
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Missing Covariates ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
Imputation Methods ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Baseline Covariates

Abstract. In randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a common strategy to increase power to detect a treatment effect is adjustment for baseline covariates. However, adjustment with partly missing covariates, where complete cases are only used, is inefficient. We consider different alternatives in trials with discrete-time survival data, where subjects are measured in discrete-time intervals while they may experience an event at any point in time. The results of a Monte Carlo simulation study, as well as a case study of randomized trials in smokers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), indicated that single and multiple imputation methods outperform the other methods and increase precision in estimating the treatment effect. Missing indicator method, which uses a dummy variable in the statistical model to indicate whether the value for that variable is missing and sets the same value to all missing values, is comparable to imputation methods. Nevertheless, the power level to detect the treatment effect based on missing indicator method is marginally lower than the imputation methods, particularly when the missingness depends on the outcome. In conclusion, it appears that imputation of partly missing (baseline) covariates should be preferred in the analysis of discrete-time survival data.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document