A Comparative History of Advertising Self‐regulation in the UK and the USA

AbstractInthischapter, we highlight the importance of social frontiers—sharp spatial divisions in the residential make-up of adjacent communities—as a potentially important form of segregation. The handful of studies estimating the impacts of social frontiers have been based in the USA and the UK, both of which are free-market democracies with a long history of immigration, ethnic mix and segregation. There are currently no studies of social frontiers in former socialist countries, for example, or in countries where immigration and ethnic mix are only a recent phenomenon or non-existent. This chapter aims to address this research gap by estimating the impacts of social frontiers on crime rates in a post-socialistcountry, Czechia. We demonstrate how a Bayesianspatial conditional autoregressive estimation can be used to detect social frontiers in this setting, and we use a fixed effect quasi-Poisson model to investigate the impact on crime. Our results suggest that in new immigration destinations, social frontiers may not be associated with higher rates of crime, at least in the short run. Moreover, our use of cultural distance measures helps to promote a more nuanced approach to studying the impact of segregation and highlights the role of cultural diversity in understanding the link between immigrant segregation and crime. We reflect on how this approach could contribute to the study of segregation and inequality in the Chinese context.

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Geographical Resource Allocation for Public Mental Health Services in Victoria

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.3109/00048679709073805 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 95-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Graham Meadows

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Services ◽

Health Services ◽

Private Sector ◽

Public Mental Health ◽

Background Information ◽

Major Influence ◽

The Usa ◽

History Of ◽

The Uk

Objective:To provide background information on the approach of area based funding models for mental health services, to describe the considerations which have come to bear in the development process of the Victorian model, to explore the impacts of different models, and to suggest courses for further development. Method:The history of this approach to funding in the UK and the USA is summarised, then an account is given of the development of the Victorian model. The position is put that the validation of such models is hampered by having only sparse relevant data. Suggestions are made for improving this situation. Results:The Victorian model has come to include adjustments for socioeconomic disadvantage, the age, sex and marital status structure of the population, and a variable discounting for estimated substitutive activity of the private sector. Different methods of combining these adjustments into a working formula can be seen to have very different impacts. Conclusions:The approach taken in development of this model can be expected to have major influence on funding within Victoria, but also more widely in Australia. The impacts of differing assumptions within these models are significant. Specifically targeted epidemiological research, and activity analysis of the private sector will be necessary to enhance the validity of models of this type.

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Rhabdomyosarcoma of the trachea: first reported case treated with proton beam therapy

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s002221511200151x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 126 (9) ◽

pp. 966-969 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R Exley ◽

J M Bernstein ◽

B Brennan ◽

M P Rothera

Keyword(s):

Proton Beam ◽

World Literature ◽

Proton Beam Therapy ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Conventional Radiotherapy ◽

The Usa ◽

History Of ◽

The Uk

AbstractObjective:We report a case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the trachea in a 14-month-old child, and we present the first reported use of proton beam therapy for this tumour.Case report:A 14-month-old girl presented acutely with a seven-day history of biphasic stridor. Emergency endoscopic debulking of a posterior tracheal mass was undertaken. Histological examination revealed an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with anaplasia. Multimodality therapy with surgery and chemotherapy was administered in the UK, and proton beam therapy in the USA.Conclusion:Only three cases of rhabdomyosarcoma of the trachea have previously been reported in the world literature. This is the first reported case of treatment of this tumour with proton beam therapy. Compared with conventional radiotherapy, proton beam therapy may confer improved long-term outcome in children, with benefits including reduced irradiation of the spinal cord.

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Russell Hamilton’s Voices from an Empire: A Pioneering Study

Journal of Lusophone Studies ◽

10.21471/jls.v1i2.116 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

David Brookshaw

Keyword(s):

African Literature ◽

The Usa ◽

History Of ◽

Portuguese Literature ◽

The 1960S ◽

The Uk

The study of African literature in Portuguese was a largely vacant field in universities in the USA and the UK in the 1960s, in contrast to the emerging study of Anglophone and Francophone African literatures, which were well under way as both Britain and France completed their processes of decolonization. In the 1960s, Gerald Moser had raised awareness of individual writers such as the neo-realist novelist Castro Soromenho, and Clive Willis had translated the ethnographic tales of Óscar Ribas; however, Russell Hamilton was the first to write a comprehensive, cohesive, and balanced study of the field in Voices from an Empire: A History of Afro-Portuguese Literature.

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Employment Law

Enterprise and its Business Environment ◽

10.23912/978-1-910158-78-4-2917 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Josh McLeod ◽

Yvonne McLaren

Keyword(s):

Employment Law ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Business Law ◽

Vital Part ◽

Contract Of Employment ◽

The Usa ◽

History Of ◽

The Uk ◽

Insight Into

Employment laws are put in place to protect employees from any mistreatment from their employers, and are a vital part of a country’s efforts to protect its citizens. Some countries are regarded as having very restrictive employment laws whilst others are regarded as more relaxed. According to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), who analyse and compare employment protections in various countries, the UK, Canada and the USA have the most lenient laws whereas France, Spain and Turkey have the strictest. This chapter will focus on UK employment law, where workers’ rights can be traced back to the 1300s and significant changes are still occurring today. By examining the UK’s history of employment law, the contract of employment, corresponding rights and duties of both the employer and employee and the circumstances in which the contract of employment might come to an end, students will gain a valuable insight into a unique area of UK business law.

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Comorbid non-alcohol substance misuse among people with schizophrenia

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.179.6.509 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 179 (6) ◽

pp. 509-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Peter J. Duke ◽

Christos Pantelis ◽

Michael A. McPhillips ◽

Thomas R. E. Barnes

Keyword(s):

Substance Misuse ◽

Alcohol Misuse ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Lifetime History ◽

The Usa ◽

History Of ◽

And Gender ◽

The Uk ◽

Drug And Alcohol

BackgroundFew epidemiological studies have assessed the extent and nature of comorbid non-alcohol substance misuse in people with schizophrenia in the community in the UK.AimsTo study the extent and nature of comorbid non-alcohol substance misuse in people with schizophrenia in central London.MethodSubjects were identified in an epidemiological census survey of South Westminster. Standardised assessment of each subject included demographic data, ratings of mental state and movement disorder and questioning about drug and alcohol misuse.ResultsIndividuals with schizophrenia or related psychoses were identified (n=352) and 57 (16%) reported a lifetime history of non-alcohol substance misuse. Age and gender were the main variables relevant to the extent and pattern of misuse. Self-reported non-alcohol substance misuse showed no significant relationship with a range of outcome measures.ConclusionsThe high proportion of subjects reporting non-alcohol substance misuse is comparable with figures from the USA. The reports of lifetime misuse most commonly referred to cannabis, psychostimulants, LSD, opiates and anticholinergics. Misuse was concentrated in those younger than 36 years and was reported more often by males.

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The Factory in a Garden

10.7228/manchester/9781784993009.001.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Helena Chance

Keyword(s):

Public Relations ◽

First Century ◽

Industrial Landscape ◽

Employee Welfare ◽

The Us ◽

The Usa ◽

History Of ◽

New Type ◽

The Uk ◽

Second World

From the 1880s, a new type of designed green space appeared in the industrial landscape in Britain and the USA, the factory pleasure garden and recreation park, and some companies opened allotment gardens for local children. Initially inspired by the landscapes of industrial villages in the UK, progressive American and British industrialists employed landscape and garden architects to improve the advantages and aesthetic of their factories. In the US, these landscapes were created at a time of the USA’s ascendancy as the world’s leading industrial nation. The factory garden and park movement flourished between the Wars, driven by the belief in the value of gardens and parks to employee welfare and to recruitment and retention. Arguably above all, in an age of burgeoning mass media, factory landscaping represented calculated exercises in public relations, materially contributing to advertising and the development of attractive corporate identities. Following the Second World War the Americans led the way in corporate landscaping as suburban office campuses, estates and parks multiplied. In the twenty-first century a refreshed approach brings designs closer in spirit to pioneering early twentieth century factory landscapes. This book gives the first comprehensive and comparative account of the contribution of gardens, gardening and sports to the history of responsible capitalism and ethical working practices from multiple critical perspectives and draws together the existing literature with key primary material from some of the most innovative and best documented of the corporate landscapes; Cadbury, the National Cash Register Company, Shredded Wheat and Spirella Corsets.

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UK-Australian Labour History Conference

International Labor and Working-Class History ◽

10.1017/s0147547904000122 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 65 ◽

pp. 166-167

Author(s):

Neville Kirk

Keyword(s):

Labor History ◽

Comparative History ◽

Australian Society ◽

International Conference ◽

History Of ◽

Metropolitan University ◽

Labour History ◽

The Uk ◽

The University ◽

University Of Manchester

This international conference, the first of its kind to be organized in the UK, was held at the Manchester Metropolitan University and the International Centre for Labour Studies, the University of Manchester, on July 16–18, 2003. The conference organizers were Neville Kirk, MMU, on behalf of the Society for the Study of Labour History, Anne Morrow, on behalf of the International Centre for Labour Studies, and Greg Patmore, University of Sydney, for the Australian Society for the Study of Labour History. The aim was to bring together invited speakers in order to advance our knowledge and understanding of the labor history of Britain and Australia. Feedback received by the organizers suggests that this aim was successfully realized. However, attendance on the part of British colleagues was somewhat disappointing, perhaps a reflection of the minority interest among British labor historians in comparative history.

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Introduction: Literary Advice from Quill to Keyboard

New Directions in Book History - Writing Manuals for the Masses ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-53614-5_1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-43

Author(s):

Anneleen Masschelein

Keyword(s):

Henry James ◽

Creative Industries ◽

Avant Garde ◽

Publishing World ◽

The Usa ◽

History Of ◽

Anglo American ◽

The Uk ◽

Cultural And Creative Industries

AbstractThis chapter presents a brief history of the dominant, Anglo-American literary advice tradition from the nineteenth century to the present as well as a state of the art of the existing scholarship on literary advice. We focus on several key moments for literary advice in the USA and in the UK: Edgar Allan Poe’s “Philosophy of Composition” (1846), the debate between Sir Walter Besant and Henry James surrounding “The Art of Fiction” (1884), the era of the handbook (1880s–1930s), the “program era” (McGurl 2009) and postwar literary advice, the rise of the “advice author” in the 1980s and 1990s, and finally advice in the “digital literary sphere” (Murray 2018). The overview captures both the remarkable consistency and the transformations of advice, against the background of changes in the literary system, the rise of creative writing, changes in the publishing world, and the rise of the Internet and self-publishing. It highlights the role of some specific actors in the literary advice industry, such as moguls, women, and gurus, and draws attention to a number of subgenres (genre handbooks, self-help literary advice, and the writing memoir), as well as to counter-reactions and resistance to advice in literary works and in avant-garde manuals. Advice is regarded both in the context of the professionalization of authorship in a literary culture shaped by cultural and creative industries, and of the exponential increase of amateur creativity.

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