Assessing information security attitudes: a comparison of two studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Pattinson ◽  
Kathryn Parsons ◽  
Marcus Butavicius ◽  
Agata McCormac ◽  
Dragana Calic
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Repertory Grid ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Repertory Grid Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Grid Technique ◽  
Password Management

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on the use of two studies that assessed the attitudes of typical computer users. The aim of the research was to compare a self-reporting online survey with a set of one-on-one repertory grid technique interviews. More specifically, this research focussed on participant attitudes toward naive and accidental information security behaviours. Design/methodology/approach In the first study, 23 university students responded to an online survey within a university laboratory setting that captured their attitudes toward behaviours in each of seven focus areas. In the second study, the same students participated in a one-on-one repertory grid technique interview that elicited their attitudes toward the same seven behaviours. Results were analysed using Spearman correlations. Findings There were significant correlations for three of the seven behaviours, although attitudes relating to password management, use of social networking sites, information handling and reporting of security incidents were not significantly correlated. Research limitations/implications The small sample size (n = 23) and the fact that participants were not necessarily representative of typical employees, may have impacted on the results. Practical implications This study contributes to the challenge of developing a reliable instrument that will assess individual InfoSec awareness. Senior management will be better placed to design intervention strategies, such as training and education of employees, if individual attitudes are known. This, in turn, will reduce risk-inclined behaviour and a more secure organisation. Originality/value The literature review indicates that this study addresses a genuine gap in the research.

The use of the repertory grid technique in online trust research

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonina Bauman
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Repertory Grid ◽  
Repertory Grid Technique ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Trust ◽  
Online Consumers ◽  
Online Shoppers ◽  
Grid Technique

Purpose – This paper aims to explore online consumers’ perceptions of a trustworthy Web site. Specifically, it analyzes which Web site elements and features online buyers identify as online trust cues signaling e-vendor’s trustworthiness. Design/methodology/approach – This study implemented a repertory grid technique to gain insight into the customers’ perceptions of Web site trustworthiness. Findings – The most frequently identified online trust cues belong to the “Layout”, “Easy to Use” and “Sales” categories. This is in contrast with the traditional views that Web elements related to customers’ privacy and security are leading trust cues. In addition, online shoppers confirmed two trends in e-commerce: the role of social media in developing online trust to e-vendors is increasing and online shopping is associated with entertainment. Research limitations/implications – Rich data collected from 16 participants of this qualitative study present a challenge for generalizability. A caution should be taken in extending findings to the whole population of online shoppers. Practical implications – This study proves that the repertory grid technique is a useful method for qualitative market research. This method helped to solicit a list of Web site elements and features that online consumers identified as online trust cues. As buyers refer to those cues when deciding to trust or not to trust an e-vendor with the private and confidential information, businesses could use these research findings in designing Web sites that signal trustworthiness to customers. Originality/value – This study contributes to the research methodology as it extends the use of the repertory grid technique to the study of online trust cues and collection of data online. It is one of a few qualitative studies of online trust cues.

scholarly journals Researcher-practitioner reflections: the therapeutic utility of the visually adapted repertory grid technique (VARGT) with stalkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Wheatley ◽  
Daria J. Kuss
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Repertory Grid ◽  
Personal Construct ◽  
Personal Construct Theory ◽  
Repertory Grid Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Engagement ◽  
Grid Technique

Purpose This paper outlines researcher–practitioner reflections on the use of a visually adapted repertory grid technique (VARGT) with men convicted of stalking. It draws on and assimilates participant experiences of the VARGT as a research engagement tool. Further, it extends discussion to propose its value as a generic engagement tool for when personal insights and collaborative case formulations may otherwise be difficult to access. Design/methodology/approach The repertory grid technique, developed from Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory (1955), was adapted visually for utility in a mixed methods research study with those who commit stalking offences (Wheatley, in preparation). Analytical and reflexivity processes within this original study highlighted rich and recurrent data across the sample pertaining to the positive participant experience of the VARGT, unrelated to its core research question. Findings This paper presents reflections and psychological discussion for experiences of using the VARGT. Key features clustered around therapeutic alliance and engagement, enlightenment and a motivation for positive change. Practical implications This paper suggests the VARGT has value in participant–client engagement, particularly where sensitive topics are being investigated and participants have difficulty directly articulating their psychosocial functioning. Originality/value This novel technique offers potential as an engagement tool for use in research and clinical settings.

scholarly journals Using a visually adapted repertory grid technique (VARGT) with people who stalk

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Wheatley ◽  
Belinda Winder ◽  
Daria J. Kuss
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Repertory Grid ◽  
Personal Construct ◽  
Repertory Grid Technique ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technical Paper ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Grid Technique

Purpose This paper aims to provide instructions on how to implement an adapted version of the standard repertory grid technique (VARGT). The purpose of which is to provide practitioners with a tool, which enables active engagement by participants in research and clinical practice. This tool has been used effectively with people convicted of stalking offences. Design/methodology/approach Repertory grids, developed from Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory (1955), had never been used with those who stalk, either clinically or in a research context. Visual and kinaesthetic adaptations were made to standard RGT procedures (Grice, 2002; Tan and Hunter, 2002), for use in a mixed methods research study (Wheatley, 2019, p. 77) due to expected challenges in engaging with this group. This manuscript presents theoretical underpinnings and step-by-step instructions for practical application. Findings The VARGT is easy to administer and produces rich data, in both qualitative and quantitative formats. This adapted approach encourages active participation and an interpreted therapeutic collaboration (Wheatley et al., 2020). Practical implications This novel technique has engaged men convicted of stalking offences collaboratively in research activities and showed potential for its use as a clinical tool. This instructional technical paper allows the technique to be replicated. Originality/value This novel technique has engaged men convicted of stalking offences collaboratively in research activities and showed potential for its use as a clinical tool. This instructional technical paper allows the technique to be replicated.

Authorised property appraisers’ perceptions of commercial property valuation

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Bellman ◽  
Peter Öhman
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Repertory Grid ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Repertory Grid Technique ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Thought Pattern ◽  
Thought Patterns ◽  
Grid Technique

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the thought patterns of authorized property appraisers (APAs) when valuing commercial properties, and draw conclusions about their collective thinking in terms of content, complexity, and homogeneity. Design/methodology/approach – A standard set of value-adding factors and bipolar constructs was included in a grid form used for data collection. The repertory grid technique and principal component analysis were used to map and analyze the thought patterns of nearly half of the APAs in Sweden. Findings – Analysis of the mean grid for all respondents revealed three dimensions in the aggregated APA thought pattern: property object – property market focus, abstract – specific information, and expert – superficial assessments. The aggregated thought pattern was found to be moderately complex, and the APAs demonstrated relatively strong homogeneity in their thought patterns. Practical implications – Based on the moderate complexity and relatively strong homogeneity in respondent thought patterns, this study discusses the upcoming establishment of a profession. Originality/value – To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first study using the repertory grid technique to map and analyze APA thought patterns at an aggregated level.

Authenticity at work: a moderated mediation analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 789-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana R.C. Kuntz ◽  
Mary Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Person Environment Fit ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Workplace Outcomes

Purpose This paper aims to test a moderated mediation model linking person-environment fit with workplace outcomes (engagement, meaning at work and performance) through authenticity (authentic living and self-alienation). Self-deception was included as a moderator of these relationships. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 163 employees in a large department using an online survey. The hypotheses were tested using the PROCESS Macro for SPSS, which conducts bootstrapped moderated mediation analyses. Findings Results showed that person-environment fit facets were positively related to engagement, meaning and performance through authentic living and negatively related through self-alienation. These relationships were significant at low to moderate levels of self-deception. Research/limitations implications Despite its small sample size, this study used a time-lagged design to mitigate the limitations associated with cross-sectional studies. Further, it expanded the research on authenticity in the workplace by illustrating the interplay of authenticity with fit, self-deception and workplace outcomes. Practical implications Organisations stand to gain from encouraging authenticity at work, and this can be achieved by ensuring person-environment fit. While self-deception can act as a protective factor against low perceptions of person-environment fit, organisations should strive to create a culture that values diversity and self-expression. Originality/value This study is among the first to explore authenticity at work and the first to empirically examine the authenticity and person-environment fit relationship in relation to outcomes, considering individual propensity for motivated bias.

The moderating role of gender and religiosity on the EMA model: an Indonesian Muslim pilgrim perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudha Dwi Nugraha ◽  
Yulia Arisnani Widyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Travel Agents ◽  
Religious Tourism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the relationship between expectations of umrah visit, the two dimensions of motivation for umrah visit and attitude toward umrah visit using the expectation, motivation and attitude (EMA) model. The study aims to expand the domain of religious tourism and destination marketing by including the moderating role of gender and religiosity on the EMA model to investigate the pre-visit stage of Indonesian Muslim pilgrims. Design/methodology/approach An online survey for 299 potential Muslim pilgrims was conducted to test nine hypotheses. A multi-group moderation test with chi-square differences was conducted to test the moderation effect of gender and religiosity on the model. The construct of motivation begins with an open question. Findings The paper provides empirical insights on how the interrelationship between EMA. The results indicate that umrah visit expectations and umrah visit motivations have a significant positive relationship with the attitude toward umrah visit. Moreover, this study concludes that gender significantly moderates the relationship between umrah visit expectations and attitude toward umrah visit. Religiosity significantly moderates the relationship between umrah visit expectations and umrah visit motivations. Research limitations/implications The authors discovered three limitations. First, the construction of the research model only added two moderation variables in the EMA model. Second, many Muslim pilgrims have other situations that influence their decision to perform umrah. Third, although this study gathers Muslim pilgrims from all regions in Indonesia, fairly small sample size can influence the generalization of findings. Practical implications Managers should be focusing more on accommodating the religious needs of Muslim pilgrims. Although there was no gender difference in the relationship between expectations and motivations, managers still must be careful in creating and carrying out umrah programs and activities. To capture the market for male Muslims, priority should be given to promoting aspects of the culture and history of Islam when performing an umrah. Considering the important role of religiosity for market segmentation and to capture the market of Muslim pilgrims with low religiosity is by focusing more on the aspects of religious and spiritual motivation when performing umrah. Social implications By increasing umrah’s visit, umrah is now more in demand by the Muslim community because it is not only an alternate pilgrimage but also to improve the spiritual and religious individual and family. This is coupled with the increasing number of umrah travel agents and people’s lifestyles that make umrah a holiday choice with colleagues and family. With these advantages, prospective Indonesian Muslim pilgrims must be more selective and look for a broad range of information about umrah departures because many umrah travel agents do not yet have a permit and offer a cheap umrah departure. Also, prospective Muslim pilgrims must prepare themselves better by studying the terms and pillars of Umrah. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature on tourism marketing and religious tourism research by comparing gender and religiosity on EMA model.

scholarly journals Perfectionism in occupational science students: occupational therapy implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-77
Author(s):  
Mary Elizabeth Wagner ◽  
Renee Causey-Upton
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Science Program ◽  
Occupational Science ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bachelor Of Science ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The purpose of this study is to categorize perfectionism and determine how perfectionism impacts the occupations and perceived health of students in a Bachelor of Science in Occupational Science program. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive study with a survey component was conducted. Participants were categorized as perfectionists or non-perfectionists using the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R). Time logs were collected to compare categories of time-use between groups over a one-week period. An online survey was conducted with a sub-sample of the perfectionists. Findings More students were categorized as perfectionists (N = 41) than non-perfectionists (N = 3). Both groups spent similar amounts of time engaged in productive, pleasurable and restorative occupations. Some perfectionists reported that perfectionism supported health, but others reported negative impacts on well-being. Research limitations/implications This study included a small sample size limited to one Occupational Science program in the USA. Originality/value Results demonstrated positive and negative health impacts because of perfectionism. The majority of participants were identified as perfectionists; rigorous academic programs may attract students with perfectionistic qualities. Findings are relevant for Occupational Therapy, as these students will become future occupational therapists after completing a Master’s program in Occupational Therapy and may be susceptible to negative outcomes associated with perfectionism such as workaholism and poor health.

scholarly journals Physical and climate change-related risk identification in valuation practice: an Australian perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Warren-Myers ◽  
Lucy Cradduck
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Climate Change Risks ◽  
Physical Risk

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate Australian property valuers' identification and consideration of physical risks to properties in valuation practice. The research further explores valuers' considerations of climate change-related risks.Design/methodology/approachThe research approach comprised an online survey of Australian valuers who were members of the Australian Property Institute. The online survey included structured and unstructured questions to explore types and extent of risk investigations in valuation practice.FindingsThe analysis reflects that while valuers easily identified and engaged with physical risks, there is a lack of understanding of, and engagement with, climate change risks. This supports the need for better information sources and guidance to inform valuers of climate change risks per se, as well as the development of specific mechanisms for consideration of such risks to be included in valuation processes, practices and reports.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited by the small sample size achieved due to the timing of the survey deployment, which occurred during the first wave of COVID-19 lockdowns in Australia. Thus, the findings are not necessarily representative of the Australian valuation profession, but they do provide indications of current approaches to risk identification in practice and the need for more guidance in relation to climate change risks.Practical implicationsThis research identifies that more support, guidance, information and tools, as well as awareness-raising, are required to enable valuers to accurately identify all risks affecting a property.Originality/valueThe research provides a snapshot of current understandings of physical risk identification in valuation practice. As investors and other organisations integrate and build up their analysis of climate risks to their portfolios and organisations, this research indicates that valuers also need to be aware of changing market assessment of physical and climate risks associated with property for consideration in valuation.

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