The long-run effects of energy use, urbanization and financial development on carbon dioxide emissions

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1405-1424
Author(s):  
Paul Adjei Kwakwa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Emission Effect

Purpose This study aims to fill the gap in existing studies that have analyzed the drivers of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The author investigate the long-run effects of energy types, urbanization, financial development and, the interaction between urbanization and financial development on CO2 emissions. Design/methodology/approach Stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence and technology model served as the framework for empirical modeling. Using annual time-series data for Tunisia, autoregressive distributed lag bounds test was used to examine the cointegration of the variables. Also, the fully modified ordinary least squares was used to estimate the emission effect of the explanatory variables. Further investigations were done using the principal component analysis and variance decomposition analysis. Findings Income, urbanization, trade and financial development exert upward pressure on CO2 emissions. However, the interaction between urbanization and financial development reduces the emission of CO2. Furthermore, primary energy use, energy intensity, electricity consumption and fossil fuel consumption have positive effects on carbon emission, while combustible renewables and waste, and electricity production from natural gas have negative effects on carbon emission. Practical implications The policy implication/recommendation indicates that the financial sector’s authorities can combat carbon emission by properly regulating the development and activities of the financial sector in urban areas in Tunisia. The promotion of the development and usage of cleaner energy is recommended to help reduce carbon emission. Policymakers need to promote environmentally friendly economic growth and development agenda. Originality/value The contribution of this study to the environmental degradation literature is that it offers evidence from Tunisia, which has not received much empirical attention. It also examines the effect of various forms of energy usage on carbon emission. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to examine the interaction effect between urbanization and financial development on carbon emission. Also, if not the first, this study is among the earliest to use the principal component analysis as a part of the prediction of the carbon emission effect of energy variables.

A principal component analysis of the determinants of spatial disparity between rural and urban localities of Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy Drafor
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Spatial Disparity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural And Urban

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the spatial disparity between rural and urban areas in Ghana using the Ghana Living Standards Survey’s (GLSS) rounds 5 and 6 data to advance the assertion that an endowed rural sector is necessary to promote agricultural development in Ghana. This analysis helps us to know the factors that contribute to the depravity of the rural sectors to inform policy towards development targeting. Design/methodology/approach A multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis were applied to data from the GLSS-5 and GLSS-6 to determine the characteristics of the rural-urban divide in Ghana. Findings The findings reveal that the rural poor also spend 60.3 per cent of their income on food, while the urban dwellers spend 49 per cent, which is an indication of food production capacity. They have low access to information technology facilities, have larger household sizes and lower levels of education. Rural areas depend a lot on firewood for cooking and use solar/dry cell energies and kerosene for lighting which have implications for conserving the environment. Practical implications Developing the rural areas to strengthen agricultural growth and productivity is a necessary condition for eliminating spatial disparities and promoting overall economic development in Ghana. Addressing rural deprivation is important for conserving the environment due to its increased use of fuelwood for cooking. Absence of alternatives to the use of fuelwood weakens the efforts to reduce deforestation. Originality/value The application of PCA to show the factors that contribute to spatial inequality in Ghana using the GLSS-5 and GLSS-6 data is unique. The study provides insights into redefining the framework for national poverty reduction efforts.

Factorial analysis of stress factors among the sample of Lebanese police officers

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadi Afif Fayyad ◽  
Filip Vladimir Kukić ◽  
Nemanja Ćopić ◽  
Nenad Koropanovski ◽  
Milivoj Dopsaj
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stress Management Training

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of stress and to identify the occupational stressors among Lebanese police officers.Design/methodology/approachOperational Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-op) was addressed to 100 randomly selected male Lebanese Police officers. Twenty items from the PSQ-op were run through the principal component analysis to determine the most significant factors of stress and loading within each of the factors.FindingsThe results indicated that 59% of officers reported moderate stress level and 41% reported strenuous stress. Principal component analysis identified six independent factors or stress among Lebanese police officers explaining in total 72.1% of the total variance: excessive workload (30.6%), social-life time management (12.8%), occupational fitness (9.1%), success-related stress (8.6%), physical and psychological health (5.8%), and working alone at night (5.2%).Research limitations/implicationsThis research approach encountered some limitations so further research must: use a larger sample size, include female gender and identify other sources of stressors mainly organizational or job context stressors.Originality/valueAddressing and understanding stress factors among Lebanese police officers helps improving awareness and developing individualized treatment strategies leading police officers to engage in stress-management training to learn coping strategies and use effective tools for preventing stress before it becomes chronic.

Does financial development improve environmental quality in Turkey? An application of endogenous structural breaks based cointegration approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javaid Ahmad Dar ◽  
Mohammad Asif
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Endogenous Structural Breaks

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-run effect of financial sector development, energy use and economic growth on carbon emissions for Turkey, in presence of possible regime shifts over a period of 1960-2013. Design/methodology/approach Along with the conventional unit root tests, Zivot-Andrews unit root test with structural break has been employed to check the stationarity of variables. The cointegrating relationship between variables is investigated by using the autoregressive distributed lag bounds test and Hatemi-J threshold cointegration test. Findings The results confirm a cointegrating relationship between the variables. The long-run relationship between the variables has gone through two endogenous structural breaks in 1976 and 1986. Development of financial sector improves environmental quality whereas energy use and economic growth degrade it. The results challenge the validity of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Turkish economy. Research limitations/implications The study uses domestic credit to private sector as a proxy for development of financial sector. The model can be improved by constructing an index of financial development instead of using a single determinant as a proxy for financial development. Practical implications The study may pave the way for policy makers to capture important environmental pollutants in better way and develop effective and efficient energy and economic policies. This may make significant contribution to curbing CO2 emissions while sustaining economic growth. Originality/value This is the only study to examine long-run impact of financial sector development on carbon emissions, using the threshold cointegration approach. Hence, the study is a gentle request to reduce the possible omitted variable econometric estimation bias and fill the gap in the existing literature.

scholarly journals Global money laundering appeal index: application of principal component analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milind Tiwari ◽  
Adrian Gepp ◽  
Kuldeep Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Ranking System ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
To Come

Purpose The paper aims at developing a global ranking system determining a country's appeal as a destination for money laundering. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses principal component analysis (PCA), with a mix of standardised and unstandardised components relating to attractiveness, economic freedom and money laundering risk to come up with an index of money laundering appeal. Findings Four components relating to economic feasibility, financial liberty, government spending and tax regime are critical in influencing a country's money laundering appeal. Research limitations/implications This paper attempts to use a standardised and replicable methodology to condense into a single measure the complex and multifaceted phenomenon of a country's appeal as a destination for money laundering, thus avoiding the difficulty associated with precisely calculating illicit financial flows. Practical implications The ranking system could be used to determine the destinations attractive for laundering money. Such information can be used to come up with more effective preventative strategies to combat phenomena responsible for the stagnation of economic growth through tax evasion, corruption and creation of non-competitive markets. Originality/value It is the first attempt to use a statistical technique to understand the underlying components of a country's money laundering appeal.

Sociodemographic characteristics and dietary patterns in cardiometabolic risk subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (11) ◽  
pp. 2780-2790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Kelly Souza Silveira ◽  
Juliana Farias de Novaes ◽  
Sarah Aparecida Vieira ◽  
Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha ◽  
Arieta Carla Gualandi Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Traditional Pattern

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the associations of dietary patterns with sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics in a cardiometabolic risk population. Design/methodology/approach In this cross-sectional study data from 295 (n=123 men/172 women, 42±16 years) participants in a Cardiovascular Health Care Program were included. After a 24-hour recall interview the dietary patterns were determined using principal component analysis. Sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle data were collected by medical records. Findings Subjects with diabetes and hypertension had a higher adherence in the “traditional” pattern (rice, beans, tubers, oils and meats). Poisson regression models showed that male subjects with low schooling and smokers had greater adherence to the “traditional” pattern. Also, students, women, and those with higher schooling and sleeping =7 h/night showed higher adherence to healthy patterns (whole grains, nuts, fruits and dairy). Women, young adults and those with higher schooling and fewer sleep hours had greater adherence to healthy dietary patterns. Those with low schooling and unhealthy lifestyle showed more adherence to the “traditional” pattern. Social implications The results indicate the importance to personalized nutritional therapy and education against cardiometabolic risk, considering the dietary patterns specific to each population. Originality/value Socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics can influence dietary patterns and this is one of the few studies that investigated this relationship performing principal component analysis.

Does financial development matter for domestic investment? Empirical evidence from India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niharika Sinha ◽  
Swati Shastri
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper empirically examines the impact of financial development on domestic investment in India for the period 1989–2017.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to co-integration to test the long-run relationship between financial development and domestic investment. To test the direction of causality, Toda–Yamamoto causality test and vector error correction model (VECM) Granger causality/Block Exogeneity Wald test have been employed. Investment has been measured by Gross Capital Formation. To capture various aspects of financial development in India, eight alternative indicators (both bank based and market based) have been used. With the help selected indicators, a composite index (FINDEX) of financial development has been constructed using principal component analysis (PCA).FindingsThe estimated result finds evidence in favour of positive, short-run and long-run impact of financial development on investment in the Indian economy. Both bank-based and market-based indicators are found to significantly affect the level of investment. The significant effect of efficiency-based financial development indicators (both bank based and market based) upon domestic investment implies that there is a need to implement policies that ensure the efficiency of financial intermediation.Originality/valueTo the best of authors' knowledge, not much research has been done to explore the relationship between financial development and domestic investment, especially in the case of Indian economy. This study also tries to find the impact of bank-based and market-based financial development indicators upon domestic investment to explore banks vs market issue.

scholarly journals Characterising 3D spherical packings by principal component analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1023-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Zhao ◽  
Y.T. Feng ◽  
Yuanqiang Tan
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Gaussian Quadrature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Particle Packing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Computer Methods ◽  
Novel Approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the previous study [Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 340: 70-89, 2018] on the development of a novel packing characterising system based on principal component analysis (PCA) to quantitatively reveal some fundamental features of spherical particle packings in three-dimensional. Design/methodology/approach Gaussian quadrature is adopted to obtain the volume matrix representation of a particle packing. Then, the digitalised image of the packing is obtained by converting cross-sectional images along one direction to column vectors of the packing image. Both a principal variance (PV) function and a dissimilarity coefficient (DC) are proposed to characterise differences between different packings (or images). Findings Differences between two packings with different packing features can be revealed by the PVs and DC. Furthermore, the values of PV and DC can indicate different levels of effects on packing caused by configuration randomness, particle distribution, packing density and particle size distribution. The uniformity and isotropy of a packing can also be investigated by this PCA based approach. Originality/value Develop an alternative novel approach to quantitatively characterise sphere packings, particularly their differences.

Customers’ quality demands as directions to the cold chicken supply chain management

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Schiavo ◽  
Andre Luis Korzenowski ◽  
Eduardo Roberto Soares Batista ◽  
Davenilcio Luiz de Souza ◽  
Annibal Scavarda
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Specificity ◽  
Product Availability ◽  
Product Assortment ◽  
Quality Aspects

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the perception of the cold chicken meat value in its supply chain and how to manage the influence of quality demands in this supply chain. It is based on the views that retails and restaurants have about the main quality aspects required to meet their end customers.Design/methodology/approachThis paper surveyed 135 respondents from restaurants, butcheries, supermarkets, and convenience stores located in the Southern Brazilian metropolitan area. Principal component analysis followed by quality function deployment was performed to analyze the data.FindingsThe principal component analysis results in seven factors: product quality and flexibility of delivery; supply flexibility; responsiveness to market changes and product assortment; measurements of the inventory and competitiveness; product specificity; product availability and specificity cost; and delivery frequency. The comparative study on the steps of the process between restaurants and retailers shows that distribution, cutting and packaging are the key process steps in this chain.Practical implicationsThe results show what process steps must be prioritized to comply with the customers’ quality requirements. Since the most important process steps are different for different customers, companies may elect what steps require more attention to satisfy the most profitable customer types.Originality/valueSeveral studies are found in the literature that present a theoretical discussion on the quality demands of perishable products. The management of factors related to the process steps can help members of the supply chain in their decision-making processes. The contribution of this research is to identify, by an applied study, how the demanded quality aspects should be considered by the poultry industry to satisfy customers in different market segments.

Branding efforts and SME performance – an empirical investigation of variations across firm sizes and business sectors

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Odoom ◽  
Priscilla Mensah ◽  
George Asamoah
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
Brand Marketing ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Stage Analysis

Purpose This paper aims to draw on the organizational ecology theory to examine variations in branding efforts and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across enterprises sizes and business operating sectors. Design/methodology/approach A four-stage analysis involving principal component analysis, Pearson correlation, ANOVA and logistic regressions was used on a sample of 430 SMEs within an emerging market. Findings Principal component analysis identified four brand marketing efforts relevant to the SMEs. These efforts were used in fluctuating extents among small-sized versus medium-sized enterprises, as well as manufacturing versus services SMEs. Additionally, proportionate levels of performance corollaries were found to be accruable across the enterprise sizes and operating sectors. Originality/value The paper first identifies four brand-building efforts germane to SMEs within an emerging market and examines their precise contributions to firm performance within enterprise sizes and business operating sectors. It further reinforces the relevance of brand marketing programs to the growth of SMEs by establishing the likelihood and extent to which brand-building efforts impact on SME performance across enterprise sizes, as well as operating sectors. The study also presents issues of potential research and managerial interest from an emerging market, offering insightful implications to researchers and SME managers.

scholarly journals Correlation analysis among single nucleotide polymorphisms in thirteen language genes and culture/education parameters from twenty-six countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Sun ◽  
Changlu Guo ◽  
Zhizhou Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Correlation Search ◽  
Culture Education

Language is a vital feature of any human culture, but whether language gene polymorphisms have meaningful correlations with some cultural characteristics during the long-run evolution of human languages largely remains obscure (uninvestigated). This study would be an endeavor example to find evidences for the answer of above question. In this study, the collected basic data include 13 language genes and their randomly selected 111 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), SNP profiles, 29 culture/education parameters, and estimated cultural context values for 26 representative countries. In order to undertake principal component analysis (PCA) for correlation search, SNP genotypes, cultural context and all other culture/education parameters have to be quantitatively represented into numerical values. Based on the above conditions, this study obtained its preliminary results, the main points of which contain: (1) The 111 SNPs contain several clusters of correlational groups with positive and negative correlations with each other; (2) Low cultural context level significantly influences the correlational patterns among 111 SNPs in the principal component analysis diagram; and (3) Among 29 culture/education parameters, several basic characteristics of a language (the numbers of alphabet, vowel, consonant and dialect) demonstrate least correlations with 111 SNPs of 13 language genes.

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