Remanufacturing of electronic products in bonded port area across home and foreign markets

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chen ◽  
Nan Liu ◽  
Yuxuan He
Keyword(s):  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Home Market ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Total Profit ◽  
Optimal Quantity

Purpose – This study proposes a process for remanufacturing waste electrical and electronic equipment, and exporting part of the remanufactured products, which are processed in bonded port areas, to less developed countries by using a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). The purpose of this paper is to verify the profitability of remanufacturing and to find conditions under which exporting remanufactured products can increase and maximize the home manufacturer’s total profit while performing his environmental responsibility. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use the CLSC approach to construct the model, which involves two different markets where a Stackelberg game exists. The study derives an equilibrium under which an optimal quantity for exporting increases and maximizes the home manufacturer’s profits. Findings – The authors discuss the influences of seven factors, and three are determinant parameters on whether the home manufacturer should export its remanufactured products: the privileges of the bonded port area, the home market consumers’ green awareness, and the degree of competence in products in the foreign market. If the market conditions at home and abroad meet the requirements of these three determinant parameters, entering the foreign market can always help the home manufacturer make more profits regardless of whether its home market increases or decreases, how many used products can be collected, and whether the foreign local manufacturer is technically competitive. Originality/value – The authors expand previous studies on CLSC by considering two different markets that allow the home manufacturer to either sell remanufactured products to the home market or export to the foreign market.

Foreign market learning: an integrative model of its antecedents, processes and outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1248-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Nordin ◽  
Jessica Lindbergh
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current Management Strategy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Market Learning ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer an integrative model of foreign market learning, including different learning processes, antecedents and outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The paper makes a critical review of the relevant literature, drawing on a keywords-based search of three major databases and a range of other published work for a broader perspective on the subject. Findings The resulting integrative model shows in a number of ways how companies can learn and benefit from differences in foreign markets and what results this can lead to. Research limitations/implications The sample of subject-specific contributions to the literature may have been insufficient, and a wider selection of keywords to identify them might have captured a richer variety of concepts and opinions. Originality/value The integrative model contributes to the literature on foreign market learning and innovation and serves as a basis for future studies and current management strategy.

scholarly journals Barriers to enter in foreign markets: evidence from SMEs in emerging market

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Moshfique Uddin ◽  
George Lodorfos
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Market Entry ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Foreign Market Entry ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Barriers

Purpose Foreign market entry is considered as a key strategy to grow and survive over longer period of time for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The decision to enter a foreign market is not a straightforward story. Considering resource limitation, SMEs need to analyse the key barriers to entry in foreign markets very carefully. The purpose of this paper is to identify these barriers for the SMEs in a developing country. Design/methodology/approach This study has used primary data collected through questionnaires from 212 Bangladeshi SMEs. A mixed method data analysis technique is used to analyse the firms both from micro- and macro-levels. Following the running example-based case study approach, this study has developed and validated a partial least square-based structural model to assess the key barriers to entry in foreign markets. Findings This study has identified the key socio-economic barriers faced by the SMEs in a developing country to enter in foreign markets. It has successfully framed the socio-economic barriers to enter in foreign markets for Bangladeshi SMEs as a second-order hierarchical model. Originality/value It is often believed that foreign market entry is more affected by social barriers as explained by the existing theories including the Uppsala model. This study, however, revealed that the international market expansions of SMEs in developing countries are more sensitive to the economic barriers.

Public policy makers

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Sraha
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Export Assistance

Purpose – Although there is great deal of research on export assistance programmes in developed countries, studies on developing countries in Africa has received scant attention in the literature. Lack of detailed information in many developing African countries makes it difficult to assess the effect of export promotion programmes (EPPs) on the firm’s export performance in foreign markets. The purpose of this paper is to explore entrepreneurial development in the value-added export sector of Ghana and screen EPPs provided by public policy makers to examine the impact of these programmes on export performance of Ghanaian firms in foreign markets. Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual/exploratory paper is developed with discussion. Findings – The paper suggests that the ability of exporters to enhance their performance is driven by the usage of outside market access, export development/training and information related export assistance programmes offered by public policy makers. Utilisation of EPPs builds experiential knowledge which serves as a source of competitive advantage for exporters to implement effective marketing mix strategies to enhance performance. Practical implications – The study underscores the specific EPPs export managers can utilise to enhance performance and improve their international marketing strategy in foreign markets. Public policy makers need to work together with exporters to incorporate and develop programmes to suit the idiosyncrasies of foreign markets and boost the growth of value-added exports. Originality/value – The study explores past literature to screen and evaluate the effect of EPPs and entrepreneurial development to boost export growth in Ghana – Sub-Sahara Africa.

International diversification and return differential between the US and the foreign markets

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Noman
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Market Returns ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conditional Specification ◽  
The Us ◽  
Information Variable

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the impact of the return differential between the domestic and foreign markets on the risk exposure of country mutual funds (CMFs). It is argued that when US market returns are higher than the foreign market returns, the returns chasing investors will tilt their portfolio toward the US market assets, increasing the co-movement between the US market and CMF return. Design/methodology/approach – The sample includes 19 exchange traded funds (ETFs) and 18 closed-end mutual funds (CEFs) over the period between 2001 and 2011. A static two-factor model is used to get the benchmark results. On the other hand, a conditional specification is used, with the return differential as the information variable, to capture the variation in the exposure of the country funds to their underlying risks. Findings – Empirically, the authors find results that partially support their argument. The results of the static two-factor model indicate that the CMFs are exposed to the foreign market risks, whereas the local (US) market risk is not generally priced. The results obtained from the conditional specification, however, shows that the estimated US betas are significant for a number of CMFs. Practical implications – A possible interpretation of this finding is that the return differential encourages return chasing behavior of the US investors documented in the international investment literature. This, in turn, may contribute to the time-varying exposure of the CMF return to their underlying risk factors. The findings of the paper have important implications for the investors as the time variation in risk exposure of CMFs causes fluctuation in diversification benefits over time. Originality/value – To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that uses return differential as the information variable in a conditional factor model.

scholarly journals North American entrepreneurs in Cuba: which entry mode and government affiliation strategy?

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Vila-Lopez ◽  
Graham White
Keyword(s):  
Entry Mode ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Entry Modes ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
And Performance

PurposeTo have success in newly liberalized markets, firms must have a plan of action before resources are committed. What some companies do not realize is that their own entrepreneurial orientation (EO) will dictate their strategies, and performance outcomes, in both their home market and abroad. In order to maximize firm performance in newly liberalized markets (such as Cuba), firms must be able to objectively gauge their own EO. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachWithin this framework, the present paper will attempt to effectively measure the EO of decision-making managers from US companies that have an interest in entering the Cuban market. A final sample of 81 US managers accepted to collaborate. They were then split into two groups (high and low EO; with 41 and 35 managers in each group, respectively) and compared regarding three variables: entry mode strategy, government affiliation strategy, and performance outcomes.FindingsThe results show that EO is related with performance, but not with the two proposed variables of entry mode and government affiliation.Originality/valueIn sum, the added value of the paper is to link US managers’ strategies and performance in a newly liberalized market which has been seldom studied: Cuba. The fields of entry mode strategies and government affiliation decisions in this newly liberalized market remain poorly investigated. Not all firms managed by highly entrepreneurial-orientated managers will decide to enter foreign markets and, on the contrary, domestic firms which are not interested in international markets can be run by highly entrepreneurial managers. This is due, in part, to the fact that internationalization can be driven by other factors. Therefore, this paper will attempt to demonstrate if certain entry modes will perform better than others when the foreign market is a newly liberalized economy. Additionally, the importance, and effect, of governmental relationships on performance outcomes will be tested within the research.

Going international through successful partnerships: the case of GIAS

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yamen Koubaa ◽  
Rym Srarfi Tabbane ◽  
Manel Hamouda
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Master Level ◽  
Selection Of

Subject area International business. Study level/applicability The case is suitable for Bachelor and Master level students of business studies. Case overview In the actual global economy context, firms are trying to be more competitive by accelerating their efforts to integrate foreign markets. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from emerging markets are increasingly internationalizing to capitalize on opportunities in foreign markets. To get into internationalization SMEs can use different successful expansion strategies. One of these strategies is the establishment of a win-win partnership with partners that distribute the company products on the foreign markets. The case deals with a successful experience of a win-win partnership from an emerging country SME, the Tunisian food industry firm GIAS, which began its internationalization in 1996. The case presents first the reasons of internationalization of GIAS. Then an explanation of the strategic choices of internationalization of the firm is provided. The selection of the most appropriate foreign markets is described later. The win-win partnership approach is then detailed and the case finishes with the future internationalization plans for GIAS. Expected learning outcomes The expected learning outcomes include: the selection of a foreign market; the determinants of the foreign mode of entry; the process of integrating an internationalization strategy; how to choose the most appropriate partner; the follow up and the management of the relationships with foreign partners; and the monitoring of international markets. The case provides a space to think about practice and help learners, therefore, to connect theory and practice. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.

scholarly journals Effectuation and foreign market entry of entrepreneurial firms

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 1436-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Chetty ◽  
Arto Ojala ◽  
Tanja Leppäaho
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Market Entry ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Foreign Market Entry ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Entrepreneurial Firms ◽  
Internationalization Process ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Original Field

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the decision-making process for entrepreneurial firms when entering foreign markets and how and why they entered those markets. Design/methodology/approach – A nascent theory in entrepreneurship called effectuation is combined with internationalization process theory as the conceptual framework to study decision-making under uncertainty. The central concept in both these theories is relationships and how they can be used to gain knowledge and thus reduce uncertainty and in the case of effectuation to co-create opportunities to enter foreign markets. The research design involves a multiple case study of software firms from Finland and New Zealand. Findings – It was found that entrepreneurs differentiate between foreign market selection and foreign market entry during their internationalization process, potentially using different decision-making processes in them. They tend to interweave effectuation and causation logics as substitutes in their decision-making. Uncertainty during foreign market entry is not always a barrier because it can provide opportunities depending on the logic used. In addition, there is evidence that entrepreneurs who have existing relationships in foreign markets tend to use effectuation to select and enter foreign markets. Originality/value – This paper transposes effectuation from its original field of entrepreneurship research to the context of internationalizing entrepreneurial firms. Consequently, it contributes toward understanding the decision-making process for selecting and entering foreign markets.

International strategy for SMEs: criteria for foreign markets and entry modes selection

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Musso ◽  
Barbara Francioni
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Mode Selection ◽  
Entry Mode ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Entry Modes ◽  
Market Selection ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strong Relation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the internationalization of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in regard to the international market selection (IMS) and entry mode selection (EMS) processes. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve this, an examination of the degree of systematic/active behaviour during IMS and EMS on a sample of 221 SMEs was conducted. Moreover, the paper sought to comprehend whether SMEs select foreign market and entry mode in a separate and sequential way, and whether there is a relationship between the sequentiality of IMS and EMS, on one side, and SME behaviour during these two processes, on the other side. Findings – Results revealed that SMEs have a non-systematic and passive behaviour during IMS and EMS, respectively. Moreover, a high predilection in performing the two processes contemporaneously or without any logic was found. Finally, a strong relation between sequentiality of IMS and EMS and degree of systematic and active behaviour during the processes existed. Originality/value – In this study, using a sample of SMEs located in a region of Italy, SME behaviour in the IMS and entry mode choice processes was tested.

The forecasting ability of world mutual funds

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Funds ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Differential Exposure ◽  
The Difference

Purpose – The paper aims to empirically examine the forecasting ability of US-based world mutual funds during the 2001-2007 time period. Design/methodology/approach – World mutual funds are treated as portfolios composed of two sets of securities, i.e. domestic and foreign and two methodologies are used to measure forecasting ability: domestic differential exposure and assertion rates. Domestic differential exposure is based on the difference between each fund exposure to the domestic market when it is the outperforming market and the portfolio exposure to the domestic market when the foreign market is outperforming. Similar to the differential exposure, assertion rates measure the ability of fund managers to pick, on a monthly basis, an outperforming market. Findings – Although changing economic conditions in both domestic and foreign markets provided plenty of opportunities to outperform market benchmarks, the results of two empirical tests reveal that fund managers fail to effectively manage their exposure to both markets. Some evidence of good forecasting ability is found when funds are examined on a yearly basis. Originality/value – This study provides the first implementation of both methodologies: domestic differential exposure and assertion rates, to examine global funds.

Export promotion programmes and the export performance of Ghanaian firms

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Revti Raman Sharma ◽  
Gloria Sraha ◽  
Dave Crick
Keyword(s):  
Export Performance ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Export Promotion ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Exporting Firms ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Indirect Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of foreign market attractiveness on the association between export promotion programmes (EPPs) and export performance in the context of Ghanaian firms. In addition to understanding how EPPs help enhance the attractiveness of the foreign markets and thus export performance, the study contributes to the under-developed export performance literature regarding Sub-Saharan African (SSA) firms. Design/methodology/approach A mixed method approach is utilised. In the first instance quantitative analysis is undertaken on 116 Ghanaian firms via data collected using the drop and pick method. Qualitative data involving interviews with 18 managers of exporting firms are then reported upon. Findings The study finds full mediation effects for foreign market attractiveness. This suggests that EPPs can enhance export performance via the intervening variable of foreign market attractiveness. Specifically, EPPs should be considered as a resource in managers’ ability to develop capabilities in exporting, but need to be considered in the context of other intervening factors such as perceived foreign market attractiveness. Originality/value The literature regarding EPPs and export performance mostly overlook any link between EPPs and other determinants of export performance towards establishing an indirect relationship between the constructs. The study fills this important gap; in particular, in respect of SSA firms and specifically in the context of Ghana.

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