Structural Investigation of Export Assistance and Performance of Handloom Exporters

The previous literature highlighted the importance of export assistance to uplift export activities of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs). However, those studies could not test the feasibility of introduced export assistance for the targeted population. This study focuses on export assistance provided by the government institutions to the handloom exporters and its relationship with their perceived quantitative export performance. A detailed literature review of the existing export assistance programmes led to the categorization in four aspects, that is, financial support, informational support, facilitating support, and education/training support. A model is proposed based on identified variables depicting the relationship between export assistance and handloom exporters’ perceived quantitative export performance. In order to develop the model, first-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was initially applied for validity measures. Subsequently, second-order CFA was applied due to the presence of multicollinearity among the variables due to the undistinguishable response of the chosen sample units towards export assistance. Thus, the study investigated the relationship of each of the four identified export assistance elements with the quantitative performance of Handloom exporters.

Performance implications of export assistance: the mediating role of export entrepreneurship

PurposeAlthough both institutional export assistance and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) contribute separately and positively to export performance, the interplay between them has received little attention. This study examines the role of international EO in deriving performance benefits from governmental and nongovernmental export assistance.Design/methodology/approachIn this longitudinal study, two surveys were administered at two different times: In 2011, 705 Bangladeshi apparel exporters were surveyed, and in 2019, a subsequent survey of 198 firms in multiple industries was conducted. The aim of the surveys was to assess the relationships between governmental and nongovernmental assistance, EO and export performance.FindingsThe results of the first survey show that, while nongovernmental assistance influences performance directly and via EO, governmental assistance has only direct effects. Furthermore, the negative influence of government assistance on EO reduces the total effects and renders them nonsignificant. The results of the second survey demonstrate that government EPPs have both direct and indirect positive and significant effects on market performance, indicating a partial mediation, whereas quasi-governmental assistance has positive and significant direct effects as well as negative but nonsignificant indirect effects. Nongovernmental EPPs have both direct and indirect significant effects on international performance, indicating a partial mediation.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has important implications for researchers studying export assistance and its impact on firm performance. Instead of adopting a parochial view of government assistance, this study categorizes such assistance into three types – government, quasi-government and nongovernment. Furthermore, this study bridges the export assistance and international entrepreneurship literature by including EO.Practical implicationsEntrepreneurs must emphasize the use of government assistance in order to enhance export performance. However, to promote both entrepreneurship and performance, they must emphasize nongovernment assistance. Exporters should also capitalize on the assistance extended by various quasi-governmental agencies to bolster export performance.Originality/valueGiven the performance advantage of export assistance, this study highlights the contribution of the private sector in promoting export entrepreneurship while shedding light on the pernicious role of (quasi-)governmental assistance in export entrepreneurship.

Structural Relation of Export Assistance Programme and Export Performance Determinants: A Study of Handloom Industry

This study focuses on export assistance determinants and qualitative export performance determinants of the handloom industry. Additionally, the effect of export assistance needs to check on export performance determinants. The study found the determinants from the extensive literature review. A model is proposed based on identified determinants, and the hypotheses developed accordingly. Initially, first-order CFA is applied for validity measures and then second-order CFA due to presence of multicollinearity among the determinants. Second-order CFA analyses the combined effect of all studied determinants with the help of structural equation modelling. The four determinants of export assistance and five determinants of export performance are identified from the extensive literature. The financial support construct influences the export assistance majorly that is represented through high correlation coefficient and mixed response for other determinants. Overall, the combined effect of export assistance is positive on export performance determinants. There is a need to establish the functions of various export assistances based on their characteristics, and this study helps in operational classification of assistance based on identified determinants. Additionally, the impact of individual assistance can measure the changes in the export performance determinants of the handloom industry.

Success Factors in the Internalisation of Export Companies in Colombia

Export success is one of the key aspect of economic growth of a country because it is the principle means of specialising, developing economies of scale, accessing new technologies and attracting foreign investment. For this reason, the significance of this topic has encouraged scientists to investigate the main factors that play a part in the development and application of successful export strategies. This article analyses the export success of Colombian businesses from the behaviour of variables at the business and sectoral levels. The research aims to characterise the relevant conditions affecting the entry of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) into the foreign market, which can be useful for business owners who are in the process of internationalisation; they can also be considered as an instrument for developing policies promoting exports from Colombia. A multilevel model is estimated for a sample of Colombian businesses. We examined international experience, export commitment and export strategy as business factors that positively influence export success, as well as export assistance programmes, networks, tariff legislation, sector size and innovation as sectoral factors. It was concluded that the export destination, the country’s conditions and regulations should be examined before the beginning of the export process. However, Colombian exporters usually choose international destinations without such an analysis. In addition, government support through programmes and tariff legislation leads to greater business dynamism, favours entry into new markets and helps compensate negative results of international destinations.

Antecedents and consequences of market orientation in international B2B market: role of export assistance as a moderator

Purpose The significance of market orientation (MO) in industrial marketing literature is immense. Separately, the role of dynamic managerial capability (DMC) as an individual-level capability has been found to be beneficial to business-to-business (B2B) transactions. However, the assessments of DMC as the antecedent to complement MO in achieving firm performance are rare. To address this knowledge gap, this study builds upon a research framework on the DMC theory and MO literature. Additionally, this study aims to investigate how export assistance avails MO-firm performance relationship and assists entrepreneurs to thrive in the international market. Design/methodology/approach The research was conducted among the entrepreneurial export manufacturing firms in the apparel industry in Bangladesh. Structural equation modelling was used to investigate the hypothesized relationship among 329 firms. Findings Two attributes of DMC, namely, managerial social capital and managerial cognition of entrepreneurs improve the MO process of export manufacturing firms. MO mediates the relationship between DMC and firm performance. Additionally, export assistance positively moderates the relationship between MO and the financial performance of the firm. Originality/value MO requires complementary capabilities to realize the value of it efficiently. This study strongly advocates entrepreneurs to nurture DMC to leverage MO and capitalize on emerging opportunities by productively using export assistance. Firms in the emerging economies often suffer from resource-scarcity and export assistance mitigates barriers to expand international operations and yield financial liberty to the firms operating in the international B2B market.

Mediated effect of export assistance on export performance of Serbian manufacturing SMEs

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to examine the intervening role of export-related resources in the relationship between export assistance (EA) and export performance (EP) as well as the role of competitive intensity as a driver for the adoption of EA programmes by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model was tested on the sample of 119 SMEs that export from the Republic of Serbia. The data were gathered through an online survey. In order to test the hypotheses, partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used.FindingsThe results revealed that export-related resources (intellectual, relational and managerial resources) fully mediate the relationship between EA and EP. It was shown that competitive intensity in export markets had a positive effect on the amount of EA that SMEs receive from the government, EU and other organisations.Research limitations/implicationsThe number of firms that participated in the survey is small. Furthermore, the responses may be biased due to the auto-selection of SMEs. The research included only SMEs from different manufacturing industries. Thus, the implications of the research cannot be applied to the service sector.Practical implicationsThe findings of the conducted research are relevant for the managers of SMEs since they show the importance of using EA as an external resource. The use of EA improves EP through the enhancement of intellectual, relational and managerial resources. The results of this study also support further government investment in EA as it was found that EA is an effective tool for the improvement of EP of SMEs.Originality/valueThe effect of EA on EP was tested in Serbia, the research context in which this effect was not tested before. Besides, the proposed model gives insights into the factors that affect engagement in EA programmes, which is a topic rarely examined in the literature.

Analisis Pengaruh Kompetensi Coach, Motivasi Peserta dan Kurikulum Terhadap Efektivitas Program Pendampingan Ekspor

The Results of the Implementation of the Export Assistance Program by the Indonesian Export Education and Training Center (PPEI) in 2018 in Tangerang, Bandung and Surabaya, discussed about 75 participants, of which only 32 were approved as new exporters. Although this amount is 100% of the target set, but seen from the overall participants, the achievement was only 43%. This result is not commensurate with aspects of time, effort and cost. Therefore, through this research we want to know what factors must be questioned so that this program is more effective. The 3 variables translated were trainer's competence, participant motivation and curriculum. Data collection was carried out through literature study, questionnaire collection and interviews. Data analysis uses multiple regression methods, which produce facts, and have a significant effect, with the curriculum as the variable with the strongest influence. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the curriculum be more complete, in addition to increasing the competency of trainers and participant motivation.Keywords: Export, Assistance Program, Effectiveness.

Factors Affecting Propensity to Export: The Case of Indonesian SMEs

The benefits of trade liberalization are not shared equally among countries and enterprises across the globe. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries are less able to participate in export markets than their larger counterparts, despite various export assistance provisions by their governments. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing Indonesian SMEs’ decisions and ability to engage in direct export activities. The evidence was collected from 271 exporting SMEs and 226 non-exporting SMEs in seven provinces in Java, Madura, and Bali. Logistic regressions were used to identify the distinct characteristics of the exporting SMEs. The findings show that the exporters differ from non-exporters in terms of their firms’ and owners’ characteristics, their perceptions toward export barriers, their participation in their national government’s export assistance program and network relationships. The academic, policy and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.