Risks and perspectives of higher school transformation for the russian economy in conditions of gobalization and digitalization

The article examines the risks and possible prospects for the transformation of higher education from the standpoint of the Russian and world economy, identifies the main reasons for the current situation in terms of the influence of foreign capital on the level of competitiveness of the domestic economy's production capacities and its involvement in global value chains. An analysis of the risks of increasing the dependence of Russian higher education on the global market of educational services is carried out. This may negatively affect the preservation of the potential of human capital in the domestic market of the country. In this regard, the current trends in the field of educational activity, including the globalization of higher education in the context of digitalization, as well as the process of internationalization of scientific research, are considered. Additional trends in the transformation of higher education were identified that could contribute to the sustainable development of the Russian economy, primarily in the domestic market, taking into account the involvement of Russia in the system of international division of labor. Based on the results obtained, the key directions of the development of Russian higher education are identified, taking into account possible risks and prospects in order to achieve sustainable development of the Russian economy based on the long-term development of the domestic market, where special attention is paid to the human capital of the country, including not only material, but also moral aspects of society.

Substitution effect in high-tech industry in the USA in foreign trade share and domestic market protection

The transition to the sixth technological order, characterized by the systemic elements of the information revolution, requires a comprehensive analysis of the aggregate dynamic processes trade operations in the context of the respective commodity groups. Using the traditional methods of the statistical and economic method, in general terms, reduced to the formula: "domestic production + import - export", the relative quantitative indicators of the share of imports and exports of products of the leading high-tech industries of the United States were calculated for specific periods of time in the period 1951–2020, correlated with domestic production for the same period. Thus, an assessment of the impact of the "substitution effect" in the high-tech industry of the United States is given in relation to the volume of exports and imports in the context of certain groups of analyzed industries. The empirical results obtained contributed to the identification of trends in the regulation of American imports of high-tech industry products to protect the domestic market under the influence of the substitution effect in US foreign trade in the period under consideration. The main conclusion is that the priority in the focus of American foreign trade policy in terms of protecting the domestic market of high-tech industrial products, was and remains a flexible, expedient (in terms of substitution and integration vectors) combination of tariff and non-tariff restrictions on imports.

Fundamentals of protectionism in economic theory

The policy of protectionism is aimed at protecting the domestic market, implemented by regulating tax and customs barriers, reducing competition of other countries compared to goods of national producers.

Unboxing the Ready Made Garments (RMG) sector of Bangladesh

The ready-made garments (RMG) sector of Bangladesh has developed immensely under the broad radar of the export market, and its size is beyond imagination. Unfortunately, there has been no study that explores the whole universe of the RMG sector of Bangladesh rather the story of the RMG sector often involves the export market only. The discussion of this paper intends to explore the methodology of unboxing the whole universe of the RMG sector of Bangladesh that includes small and medium-sized manufacturing and processing units that are often involved with subcontracting for other factories (producing for the export market as well as domestic market), are suppliers of the domestic market, are producers of accessories, and are providing backward linkages and associated services. The discussion addresses that along with export-oriented RMG factories there exists an unexplored and unboxed universe of manufacturing and processing units associated with the RMG sector of Bangladesh that contributes to investment, employment, trade, export, and the economy as a whole, all of which remains unaccounted for.

Impact of Exports on the Exporter’s Domestic Market

This paper developed a theoretical model of partial equilibrium of the export-oriented market for a short-term period, as well as outlined the main approaches to modeling equilibrium in a long-term period. Thus, the competition between the producers of the selected exporting country and its global competitor in the external import-dependent market is considered. In the partial equilibrium model, for the first time, the domestic and foreign sales markets are presented together. The analysis of the theoretical model made it possible to obtain the following results for the short-term period: in a state close to equilibrium, external supplies of the exporting country are positively related to their own production volumes and negatively – ​with the production volumes of the global exporter; the price of the domestic market of the exporting country is negatively related to the volume of its own production and the volume of production of the global exporter. The paper analyzes three scenarios that allow checking the adequacy of the partial equilibrium model for different conditions of its application. The first scenario considers a negative supply shock associated with a drop in production in a global exporter. The second analyzes the impact of the pandemic on the global exporter and exporting country. The third scenario is devoted to assessing the impact of a demand shock on a designated exporting country. The scenarios confirmed the adequacy of the model. The approach to modeling an export-oriented market for a long-term period is based on the assumption that the exporter's price will converge with the price of the domestic market over time and, ultimately, will differ from it only by the amount of additional costs associated with the export of a unit of production. It was established that, while maintaining exogenous conditions for positive long-term export dynamics, the price of the domestic market of the exporting country will decrease in case of an increase in the incremental values of exports and production volumes of the global exporter. The consequences of the positive dynamics of exports for the domestic demand of the exporting country are considered. The established relationships between exports and sales in the exporter's domestic market were empirically confirmed by the example of the Russian sunflower oil market.

Analysis of the domestic market of medicines used for the symptomatic treatment of cough

To study of the range of medicines for the symptomatic treatment of cough at the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine.

Trends in development of Russian Far East’s fishing industry in context of strategic regional growth

This article is devoted to topical issues of the fishing industry development in the Russian Far East. Far East is the largest and the most abundant with fish resources region of Russia, and also it is the largest territorial administrative unit. The main scientific and practical task the research can help to solve is implementation of strategic prospects and scientific support of the industry development government programs. The aim of the research is to update the trends and identify the main problems of the fishing industry development in the Far East of Russia over the past decade. Methodologically the research is based on the concept of regional economy sustainable development. The article analyzes such indicators of the industry development as: number of enterprises in the industry, number of employees at the industry enterprises, volume of fish products production and processing, level of domestic prices for fish products, fish products consumption volume, fish products export value, volume of investments in fixed assets of industry enterprises. The key trends are identified and the most important problems of the regional fishing industry development are noted. Among such problems: the industry’s dependence on the world market situation, insufficient development of domestic market, excessive growth in prices for fish products in the domestic market, low degree of fish products processing, dependence of fish products export on Asian countries’ consumers.

GLOBALIZATION AS A FACTOR OF IMPROVING KAZAKHSTAN'S FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

Currently, the importance of foreign economic activity for the enterprise cannot be underestimated. Kazakhstani enterprises cannot consider the foreign market only as another sales market, because there are qualitative differences in the development and condition of domestic and foreign markets, characteristic of all developing countries. When the domestic market lags behind in its development (including the level of products) and infrastructure from foreign markets, foreign economic activity can have the greatest impact on the growth and development of the enterprise. For effective foreign economic activity, an enterprise must have high levels of management, knowledge and competencies of personnel, the quality of resources used, etc. Moreover, it becomes possible and necessary to manage the level of these characteristics, and, consequently, the efficiency of foreign economic activity and the efficiency of the enterprise's development through the choice of the host country. Thus, foreign economic activity occupies a special place in the production and economic activity of any enterprise.