Effect of women’s migration on urban children’s health in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar K ◽  
Reshmi R S ◽  
Hemalatha N
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – In India, the number of migrants to urban areas is increasing over time. Unlike in earlier years where male migration was prominent, recent trend shows an increasing trend of female and family migration. As migration and health status are highly correlated, the nature of relationship deserves greater attention from researchers. Although literature on internal migration in India is abundant, little attention is given to the research on the effect of migration on the health status of children. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The present paper, based on National Family Health Survey 3 data, examines the health status of migrant and non-migrant children in the urban areas of India. Findings – Distribution according to social and demographic characteristics is disadvantageous for urban children who are born to migrant women. As seen from various child health indicators, urban children’s health in general and the health situation of migrant women’s children in particular leaves much to be desired. Pattern of migration tends to have an impact on child health in urban areas; children of women who migrate from rural areas are in an adverse position. Duration of migration has a negative influence on health status of urban children. Overall, it was found that migration status of mothers has an independent effect on child health outcomes; children of migrant mothers have a lower health status. Originality/value – This paper fulfills the need to study the health status of migrant and non-migrant children in the urban areas of India.

Intentional interprofessional leadership in maternal and child health

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Romer McGrath ◽  
Devon R. Bacso ◽  
Jennifer G. Andrews ◽  
Sydney A. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Leadership Training ◽  
Academic Program ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Child Health

Purpose This paper aims to describe an interprofessional leadership training program curriculum implemented by a new maternal and child health leadership training program, its collaboration with a well-established leadership consortium, the measures taken to evaluate this training and implications for other leadership programs. Design/methodology/approach The intentional leadership program weaves together the complementary core threads to create strong sets of skills in the areas of personal leadership, leading and influencing others and creating effective interprofessional partnerships with others around women and children’s health. Findings The strong emphasis on the incorporation of leadership competencies coupled with evidence-based leadership training strengthens students’ clinical skills, enhances workforce development and increases interdisciplinary health care practices. Research limitations/implications The findings presented in this paper are limited to self-reported changes in understanding components of leadership skills for self, others and the wider community and attitudes and beliefs related to interdisciplinary training and interprofessional team decision-making. Social implications The in-depth focus on one’s self, teams and on the wider community enhances each individual’s grasp of how people and organizations approach women and children’s health challenges and strengthens their ability to negotiate among the diverse disciplines and cultures. Originality/value This paper details the intentional incorporation of leadership skill development throughout an academic program and brings to focus the importance of thoughtful leadership development to prepare participants to anticipate, manage and take advantage of changes in knowledge and health care delivery systems.

The effect of child labour on children’s health in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Nicolella ◽  
Ana Lucia Kassouf
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fractional Response

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine if child labour can have long-term consequences on children’s health status. Design/methodology/approach To capture this relationship, this paper uses the Brazilian National Household Survey (PNAD) conducted in 1998, 2003 and 2008, structured as a pseudo panel and estimated using a fractional response model. Findings The results show that child labour is negatively associated with child’s health status, and the longer the hours worked, the worse is the child’s health status. The authors also observe that hazardous labour had a three times higher negative effect on the child’s health and those who worked in service sectors are more prone to having a worse health status. Originality/value The study shows that different children’s occupations may have very different impacts on children’s health and indicates that despite the fact that Brazil has a strict law prohibiting child labour, the share of children working is still high and this work has a negative impact on child’s health.

scholarly journals Using an urban child health index to detect intra-urban disparities in Sweden

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482098026
Author(s):  
Per Kåks ◽  
Mats Målqvist
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Health Index ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Urban Child ◽  
Demographic Indicators

Aims: Children’s health is affected by the environment in which they live and grow. Within Sweden’s urban areas, several city districts can be classified as socio-economically disadvantaged. This article describes the creation of a child health index to visualise disparities within and between Sweden’s three major cities, and how these relate to indicators of demography and socio-economic status. Methods: Data were collected for seven child health indicators and seven socio-economic and demographic indicators from the Swedish Pregnancy Register, Child Health Services and Statistics Sweden. An index was created from the health indicators using principal component analysis, generating weights for each indicator. Correlations between index outcomes and socio-economic and demographic indicators were analysed using linear regression. Results: The largest variance in index values could be seen in Stockholm followed by Malmö, and the poorest mean index outcome was seen in Malmö followed by Gothenburg. The largest intra-urban percentage range in health indicators could be seen for tobacco exposure at 0–4 weeks (0.8–33.9%, standard deviation ( SD)=8.8%) and, for the socio-economic and demographic indicators, foreign background (19.9–88.5%, SD=19.8%). In the multivariate analysis, index outcomes correlated most strongly with foreign background ( R2=0.364, p=0.001). Conclusions: Children’s health follows a social gradient and a pattern of ethnic segregation in Swedish cities, where it can be visualised using an index of child health. The resulting map highlights the geographical distribution of these disparities, and displays in which city districts child health interventions may be most needed.

scholarly journals Inequality in health service utilization among migrant and local children: a cross-sectional survey of children aged 0–14 years in Shenzhen, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiatong Ke ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Wenxi Tang
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Health Guidance

Abstract Background: Shenzhen has the largest number of migrant children of all cities in China. Unequal access to basic health services among migrant and local children greatly affects health equity and has a profound impact on the quality of human capital. This study aimed to investigate differences in child health management service utilization between local and migrant children in the Futian District of Shenzhen and to identify factors influencing these differences.Methods: This study extracted the data on child health management in the Futian District of Shenzhen from the 2018 Survey of Health Service Needs of Chinese Residents in the New Era. The chi-square test was used to analyze differences between local and migrant children, and specific factors affecting child health management service utilization were analyzed with binary logistic regression.Results: In this study, 1512 families in 12 communities in Futian District, Shenzhen were investigated. Among this families, 936 participants were aged 0-14 years, and the final effective sample size was 508. The greatest difference between migrant and local children was in the utilization of development guidance services (59% vs. 77.5%, P < 0.001). The main factors influencing physical examination, development guidance, disease prevention guidance, injury prevention guidance, oral health guidance and mental health guidance service utilization were mother’s educational level, household registration, father’s educational level, father’s occupation and annual family income, household registration, the child’s sex and father’s occupation, respectively. The odds of having used disease prevention guidance were 2.257 times higher among children whose fathers had an undergraduate education or above compared with children whose fathers had a junior high school education or below (95% CI: 1.417–3.595). The odds of having used injury prevention guidance were 46.3% lower for children whose fathers were mixed white-/blue-collar workers compared with children whose fathers were white-collar workers (OR = 0.537, 95% CI: 0.361–0.799). The odds of having used mental health guidance were 52.2% lower among children whose fathers were mixed white-/blue-collar workers compared with those whose fathers were white-collar workers (OR = 0.478, 95% CI: 0.293–0.777).Conclusions: In the Futian District of Shenzhen, health management service utilization is significantly lower among migrant children than among local children. Father’s educational level and occupation limit the utilization of child health management services for migrant children. Fathers have a stronger influence on children’s health service utilization than do mothers. The potential influence of fathers in promoting children’s health maintenance should be carefully considered, and fathers’ attention to children’s health should be increased.

Loan officer rotation and credit access: evidence from Madagascar

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Yaw Sarfo ◽  
Oliver Musshoff ◽  
Ron Weber
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Loan Officer ◽  
Microfinance Institution ◽  
Lending Decisions ◽  
Loan Officers ◽  
Loan Approval

Purpose With exclusive data from a commercial microfinance institution (MFI) in Madagascar, the purpose of this paper is to investigate if loan officer rotation (change of loan officer) has an effect on credit access (loan approval) in rural and in urban areas. The authors further analyze how the frequency of loan officer rotation affects credit access in rural and in urban areas. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply propensity score matching to compare credit access between loan applicants who experienced loan officer rotation and loan applicants who experienced no loan officer rotation in rural and in urban areas. Findings Results show that loan officer rotation has a positive and statistically significant effect on credit access. The authors observe further that loan officer rotation has a different effect on credit access in rural and in urban areas. Whilst rural loan applicants who experienced loan officer rotation are more likely to have credit access, urban loan applicants show no statistically significant effect of loan officer rotation on credit access. For the frequency effect on credit access, the authors observe that one loan officer rotation has a positive and statistically significant effect on credit access whereas results are mixed for two loan officer rotations. Research limitations/implications Even though the authors can show that loan officer rotation can improve credit access to loan applicants, especially in rural areas, the conditions in Madagascar are unique. Therefore, results need to be verified in other countries and institutional contexts. Practical implications From the perspective of MFI, the authors recommend that the management of MFI needs to provide better tools to loan officers to improve on the evaluation of agricultural loan products or standardize the assessment of agricultural loan products to improve on lending decisions. Further, if applicable, the authors recommend that MFI should consider using credit worthiness assessment procedures which rely less on loan officer’s judgment for loan evaluation, such as automated systems. From the perspective of loan applicants, the authors recommend that loan applicants should request for a change of loan officer if they experience successive loan applications rejection. Originality/value To the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to provide empirical evidence on the effect and frequency of loan officer rotation on credit access in Sub-Sahara Africa, and Madagascar, in particular.

How left behind are rural parents of migrant children? Evidence from Thailand

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN KNODEL ◽  
JIRAPORN KESPICHAYAWATTANA ◽  
CHANPEN SAENGTIENCHAI ◽  
SUVINEE WIWATWANICH
Keyword(s):  
Adult Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Economic Changes

ABSTRACTThe consequences of adult children's migration from rural areas for older parents who remain behind are keenly debated. While the mass media and international advocacy organisations favour an ‘alarmist’ view of desertion, the academic literature makes more sanguine assessments using the ‘household strategy’ and ‘modified extended family’ perspectives. We examine the relationship between the migration of adult children and various dimensions of older parents' wellbeing in Thailand using evidence from a survey that focused on the issues. The results provide little support for the alarmist view, but instead suggest that parents and adult children adapt to the social and economic changes associated with development in ways not necessarily detrimental to intergenerational relations. The migration of children, especially to urban areas, often benefits parents' material support while the recent spread of cell phones has radically increased their ability to maintain social contact. Nevertheless, changing living arrangements through increased migration and the smaller family sizes of the youngest age groups of older people pose serious challenges for aspects of filial support, especially at advanced ages when chronic illness and frailty require long-term personal care. Dealing with this emerging situation in a context of social, economic and technological change is among the most critical issues facing those concerned with the implications of rapid population ageing in Thailand and elsewhere.

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