The effect of child labour on children’s health in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Nicolella ◽  
Ana Lucia Kassouf
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fractional Response

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine if child labour can have long-term consequences on children’s health status. Design/methodology/approach To capture this relationship, this paper uses the Brazilian National Household Survey (PNAD) conducted in 1998, 2003 and 2008, structured as a pseudo panel and estimated using a fractional response model. Findings The results show that child labour is negatively associated with child’s health status, and the longer the hours worked, the worse is the child’s health status. The authors also observe that hazardous labour had a three times higher negative effect on the child’s health and those who worked in service sectors are more prone to having a worse health status. Originality/value The study shows that different children’s occupations may have very different impacts on children’s health and indicates that despite the fact that Brazil has a strict law prohibiting child labour, the share of children working is still high and this work has a negative impact on child’s health.

Effect of women’s migration on urban children’s health in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar K ◽  
Reshmi R S ◽  
Hemalatha N
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – In India, the number of migrants to urban areas is increasing over time. Unlike in earlier years where male migration was prominent, recent trend shows an increasing trend of female and family migration. As migration and health status are highly correlated, the nature of relationship deserves greater attention from researchers. Although literature on internal migration in India is abundant, little attention is given to the research on the effect of migration on the health status of children. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The present paper, based on National Family Health Survey 3 data, examines the health status of migrant and non-migrant children in the urban areas of India. Findings – Distribution according to social and demographic characteristics is disadvantageous for urban children who are born to migrant women. As seen from various child health indicators, urban children’s health in general and the health situation of migrant women’s children in particular leaves much to be desired. Pattern of migration tends to have an impact on child health in urban areas; children of women who migrate from rural areas are in an adverse position. Duration of migration has a negative influence on health status of urban children. Overall, it was found that migration status of mothers has an independent effect on child health outcomes; children of migrant mothers have a lower health status. Originality/value – This paper fulfills the need to study the health status of migrant and non-migrant children in the urban areas of India.

Every coin has two sides: the impact of time pressure on employees’ knowledge hiding

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianchun Zhang ◽  
Zhu Yao ◽  
Wan Qunchao ◽  
Fu-Sheng Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Job Security ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Knowledge Hiding ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Time pressure is the most common kind of work pressure that employees face in the workplace; the existing research results on the effect of time pressure are highly controversial (positive, negative, inverted U-shaped). Especially in the era of knowledge economy, there remains a research gap in the impact of time pressure on individual knowledge hiding. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of different time pressure (challenge and hindrance) on knowledge hiding and to explain why there is controversy about the effect of time pressure in the academics. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected two waves of data and surveyed 341 R&D employees in China. Moreover, they used regression analysis, bootstrapping and Johnson–Neyman statistical technique to verify research hypotheses. Findings The results show that challenge time pressure (CTP) has a significant negative effect on knowledge hiding, whereas hindrance time pressure (HTP) has a significant positive effect on knowledge hiding; job security mediates the relationship between time pressure and knowledge hiding; temporal leadership strengthen the positive impact of CTP on job security; temporal leadership can mitigate the negative impact of HTP on job security. Originality/value The findings not only respond to the academic debate about the effect of time pressure and point out the reasons for the controversy but also enhance the scholars’ attention and understanding of the internal mechanism between time pressure and knowledge hiding.

Child labour in Pakistan: consequences on children's health

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Asia Ashfaq ◽  
Rabia Ali ◽  
Ume Habiba ◽  
Maryam Ashfaq
Keyword(s):  
Child Labour ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health

scholarly journals Some Aspects of Environment and Children’s Health in Yakutia: а Sociological Dimension

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Natalia Dmitrievna Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Regional Problems ◽  
Climatic Features

The paper deals with the problem of water pollution in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Considerable water resources are concentrated on the territory of this subject of the Russian Federation. However, providing the population with high-quality drinking water is one of the main regional problems. Water sources are negatively affected by industrial enter-prises. Natural and climatic features of Yakutia also play a significant role. As a result, there is a negative impact of water consumption on human health, pri-marily children’s health. The author of the paper analyzes how this problem manifests itself in urban and rural settlements. It is concluded that ensuring water security is an important component of the security of Yakutia and the national security of Rus-sia. Solving this problem requires an integrated ap-proach and comprehensive research.

scholarly journals Broiler health status has a major negative impact on broiler flock contamination with Campylobacter spp. in Lithuania

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktorija Lėgaudaitė-Lydekaitienė ◽  
Loreta Šernienė ◽  
Vaida Vismantaitė ◽  
Mindaugas Malakauskas ◽  
Eglė Kudirkienė
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Broiler Flock ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Broiler Farm ◽  
Campylobacter Infection ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine risk factors for Campylobacter infection in broiler flocks in Lithuania. Each broiler flock was tested for the contamination with Campylobacter spp., and various broiler farm, flock and abattoir as well as the weather-associated characteristics were analysed using the statistical package SPSS. Study revealed that 59.3% of the examined broiler flocks were contaminated with Campylobacter spp. Statistical analysis revealed that broiler flock contamination with Campylobacter was abattoir- and farm-dependent. Among a number of risk factors (e.g. the number of broiler houses at the farm, the type of ventilation system, the presence of the anteroom and boot security, etc.) identified, two broiler health-associated characteristics: (i) broiler age and (ii) the average weight per bird at abattoir had the highest impact on the increased prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in broilers. According to our results broiler health status has a major negative effect on broiler flock contamination with Campylobacter. Thus, it needs to be considered when improving control of Campylobacter spp. in broilers.

An empirical investigation on the impact of marketing strategy style on firm performance: evidence from public firms in China

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Liqiong Liu ◽  
Yu Feng
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Public Firms ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe mechanism of marketing strategy style and its impact on firms are research issues received wide attention. In particular, the aggressive style of marketing strategy has been chosen by many companies, but recent studies have shown that it has a negative effect on corporate performance. This leads to the core issue of this paper – does the aggressive style of marketing strategy always had a negative impact on corporate performance? Are there any factors that can alleviate this negative impact?Design/methodology/approachBased on the resource-based theory and agency theory, this paper takes the Growth Enterprise Market (GEM) listed companies as the research objects, collects secondary data and conducts the research by regression model.FindingsThe empirical research shows that: (1) the aggressive style of marketing strategy significantly and negatively affects the performance of firm; (2) the resource constraint can moderate the main effect and resource control play a weak adjustment role.Practical implicationsIn practice, this paper confirms the adverse impact of aggressive style of marketing strategy on the performance of listed companies on GEM and inspires the industry to strengthen the control and supervision of marketing resources.Originality/valueThis paper makes up for the research gap in the field of cross-research in finance and marketing theoretically.

Shopping online? The role of imagination and gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 2604-2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manveer K. Mann ◽  
Yuping Liu-Thompkins
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Brand Experience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Consumers ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to examine gender differences in the impact of imagining product use on purchase decisions. The authors argue that while imagination can enhance purchase intention for female consumers, it can be detrimental to male consumers. This study explores the conditions under which imagination can be turned into a positive device for male consumers. Design/methodology/approach Three experimental studies were conducted. The first two studies illustrate the differential effects of imagination on males vs females. Given the negative effect found among males, the third study focused exclusively on male consumers to identify conditions under which the negative impact of imagination on these consumers can be alleviated. Findings Studies 1 and 2 show that while an imagination tactic has positive or no effect on female consumers, a generic imagination request lowers male consumers’ purchase intention. Focusing on potential ways of alleviating this negative effect, Study 3 shows that for males without prior brand ownership experience, imagining product use in a less-typical context can increase purchase intention. Research limitations/implications The results provide evidence that gender impacts the effectiveness of imagination in improving product evaluation. Furthermore, the context of imagination and previous brand experience can be used together to determine how male consumers respond to imagination. Practical implications The study’s findings warn against the blind use of imagination tactics. Instead, retailers need to customize imagination tactics based on gender, previous brand experience and product usage context. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first papers to examine the impact of gender on the influence of imagination on product evaluation.

Are independent directors’ political connections valuable?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyu Chen ◽  
Wenzhe Zheng ◽  
Yimiao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Firm Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Independent Directors ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Connection ◽  
Exogenous Shock ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Effect

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use difference-in-difference method (DID) to study the influences of independent directors’ political connection on firm value. Design/methodology/approach File No. 18 by the Organization Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee requires that the leading cadres in party and government offices are not allowed to act as independent directors; this restriction applies to retired officials as well. As a result, many listed companies lose the political connections of officers as independent directors. This paper takes it as an exogenous shock to evaluate the influence of the political connection of independent directors on firm value, effectively alleviating the endogeneity problem existing in previous studies. Findings The research finds the following: under the policy of compelled resignation, the loss of political connection of independent directors has a prominent negative impact on firm value; and compared to state-owned enterprises, the firm value of private enterprises receives a greater negative impact. However, the political advantage of state-owned enterprises is not obviously influenced. In the regions with worse external market environments, due to a greater reliance on resources brought about by political connection, the policy has a much greater influence on their listed companies. Research limitations/implications The study faces several limitations, each of which represents a potential research direction. First, our analysis is based on the policy effects on the firm’s current Tobin’s Q and finds a negative effect of losing political connections. However, the long-term effects are still unclear, as some studies find a negative effect of political connections. Second, the paper focuses on one channel in which political connections may affect firm value. Other channels, such as subsidies and loans from state-owned banks, which need more granular data, should be explored in the future. Practical implications The use of DID model can better objectively evaluate the implementation effects of ban policies and alleviate endogenous problems, which is also enlightening for further perfection of the system of independent directors in the A-share market. Social implications It enriches existing researches of the value of independent directors from the perspective of political connection, which is conducive to understanding the influence and channel on the firm value after the loss of political connection and the value of independent directors in the corporate governance in a more comprehensive and accurate manner. Originality/value This paper extends the relevant research on the value of the political connection of independent directors from the perspective of political connection and enlightens the evaluation of the effect of ban policies.

Audit committee members with CEO experience and the value of cash holdings

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 897-926
Author(s):  
Sunhwa Choi ◽  
Jinwoong Han ◽  
Taejin Jung ◽  
Bomi Song
Keyword(s):  
Audit Committee ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cash Holdings ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Value Of Cash ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Accounting Expertise

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine whether the presence of an audit committee (AC) members with Chief Executive Officer (CEO) experience (supervisory experts) affects the market value of cash holdings. Design/methodology/approach To estimate the marginal value of cash holdings, this study uses the model proposed by Faulkender and Wang (2006). The sample is 2,031 firm-year observations in Korea from 2000 through 2015. Findings The authors find that the presence of supervisory experts on ACs has a negative impact on the value of cash holdings. This result suggests that supervisory experts on ACs weaken monitoring of managerial actions. The authors also find that the negative effect of supervisory experts on the value of cash holdings is mitigated when there are other AC members with accounting expertise. Practical implications The findings that AC supervisory expertise impairs the effectiveness of ACs, and thus destroys shareholder value have policy implications because the current regulations in many countries use a broad definition of financial expertise that includes supervisory expertise. Originality/value This is the first study that directly examines the effect of AC supervisory expertise on the value of cash holdings. The study also contributes to the literature on the role of ACs in emerging markets by documenting the limitations of corporate governance systems adopted from the Anglo–Saxon model.

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