Quality 4.0 – a measurement model using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. Sureshchandar
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

PurposeThe disruptions caused by new-age technologies of Industry 4.0 are posing a formidable challenge to researchers, academicians and practitioners alike. Quality 4.0 that depicts the role of the quality function in the Industry 4.0 scenario must be comprehended so that the rudiments of Quality 4.0 are understood properly, and interventions can be made to embrace the new normal. As the literature on Quality 4.0 is extremely scarce, empirical studies are mandatory to augment the process of theory building.Design/methodology/approachThe research work identifies 12 axes of the Quality 4.0 revolution based on literature review and insights from experts. Subsequently, a measurement model is formulated and an instrument to measure the level of Quality 4.0 implementation is developed. The measurement model has been checked for model fit, reliability and validity using the confirmatory factor analysis approach.FindingsThe proposed model was found to be adequate, reliable and valid and concludes that though technology plays a significant role in the development of the Quality 4.0 system, aspects of traditional quality are very much apropos to transform to the next frontier of quality.Research limitations/implicationsImplications for future research are provided which would help to further explore the nascent field of Quality 4.0.Practical implicationsThis research would help the practitioners better understand the various requirements and measure the degree of implementation of a Quality 4.0 system.Originality/valueThe present research is perhaps the first of its kind in propounding a measurement model, through empirical analysis, for the betterment of the understanding of Quality 4.0 and its associated constituents.

Measurement Structure of the Trait Hope Scale in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Miller Smedema ◽  
Joseph Pfaller ◽  
Erin Moser ◽  
Wei-Mo Tu ◽  
Fong Chan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Factor Measurement ◽  
Trait Hope

Objective: To evaluate the measurement structure of the Trait Hope Scale (THS) among individuals with spinal cord injury.Design: Confirmatory factor analysis and reliability and validity analyses were performed.Participants: 242 individuals with spinal cord injury.Results: Results support the two-factor measurement model for the THS with agency and pathways thinking positively associated with hope-related constructs such as self-efficacy, self-esteem, disability acceptance, and life satisfaction in the predicted direction.Conclusions: The use of the THS among individuals with disabilities is warranted for rehabilitation research and practice.

scholarly journals Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Work Attributes of Pharmaceutical Sales Representatives during COVID-19 in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Oamen T.E. ◽  
Moshood L.B.
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sales ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) study on the work attributes of pharmaceutical sales executives in Nigeria using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and furthermore to evaluate the relative importance of the work attributes. An analytical study design used a 13-item, 5-point Likert scale questionnaire administered to 226 pharmaceutical sales executives using a simple random sampling method. Data analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) with a significance level set at p<0.05. The measurement model was evaluated using the maximum likelihood method. Model fit criteria measures for CFA were satisfactory (CMIN/df=2.297; NFI=0.017; TLI=0.905; CFI=0.950; RMSEA=0.064). The study showed that the most dominant attribute was involvement in community education programs with a regression coefficient of 0.892, and the least was limited access to customers (0.446). Convergent validity measures were acceptable. Divergent validity can be enhanced by including more items. The study confirmed the validity of the EFA study outcomes obtained from the previous research work. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) study on the work attributes of pharmaceutical sales executives in Nigeria using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and furthermore to evaluate the relative importance of the work attributes. An analytical study design used a 13-item, 5-point Likert scale questionnaire administered to 226 pharmaceutical sales executives using a simple random sampling method. Data analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) with a significance level set at p<0.05. The measurement model was evaluated using the maximum likelihood method. Model fit criteria measures for CFA were satisfactory (CMIN/df=2.297; NFI=0.017; TLI=0.905; CFI=0.950; RMSEA=0.064). The study showed that the most dominant attribute was involvement in community education programs with a regression coefficient of 0.892, and the least was limited access to customers (0.446). Convergent validity measures were acceptable. Divergent validity can be enhanced by including more items. The study confirmed the validity of the EFA study outcomes obtained from the previous research work.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the scale: perception of the information and communication technologies for Knowledge Management

Paakat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Román Alberto Quijano García ◽  
◽  
Deneb Elí Magaña Medina
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Information And Communication

The objective of this research is to discuss the psychometric elements of reliability and validity on a measurement model that determines the perception on information and communication technologies for knowledge management in organizations. The scale is based on 6 questions and 2 structured factors in a Likert-type scale, with 5 answer options. It was applied to 337 small and medium companies with diverse specialties within the building field in the state of Campeche. The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis show an adequate fit and the reliability values are also satisfactory (χ2 = 24.97, p = .002, SRMR = .01, AGFI = .93, TLI = .97, CFI =. 98, RMSEA .07 IC90 [.04-.11]; α = .88), thus confirming the empirical strength of the model. It is concluded that the scale is valid and reliable for use in the context studied.

A confirmatory factor analysis of the challenges of effective management of construction workforce in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lerato Millicent Aghimien ◽  
Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa ◽  
Chimey Anumba ◽  
Wellington Didibhuku Thwala
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Purpose The South African construction industry (SACI) is a huge employer of labour as the industry depends mostly on human resources to carry out its activities. However, the industry has also been noted for its poor workforce management and lack of attention to human resource management (HRM) issues. Therefore, this study aims to assess the challenges facing the effective management of the construction workforce in South Africa with a view to improving HRM activities in the industry and improve overall service delivery through an effectively managed workforce. Design/methodology/approach A pragmatic philosophical view using a mixed-method research design was adopted. The study’s qualitative strand was achieved through a Delphi, whilst the quantitative strand was achieved through a questionnaire survey. In addition, descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean item score, Kruskal-Wallis H-test, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were adopted for data analysis. Findings With high reliability, construct validity and model fit indices, the study found that for effective HRM to be attained within construction organisations, careful attention must be given to issues surrounding the nature of the industry, unhealthy working environment, employee-related issues, diversity and working condition in the industry. Originality/value Whilst several studies have been conducted on HRM, there is a lack of studies on the major challenges facing effective HRM in the SACI. The findings also offer future research studies a good theoretical platform to build upon.

Development of a multi-item Operational Excellence scale: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Saeed ◽  
R. Tasmin ◽  
Ayyaz Mahmood ◽  
Aamer Hafeez
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Local Loop ◽  
Cellular Mobile ◽  
Operational Excellence ◽  
The Impact

PurposeConsidering the relevance of operational excellence as a business strategy, organizations are striving to improve themselves by adopting best practices and universally accepted principles through the process of continuous improvement, and these principles should be embedded in the culture of an organization. Organizations pursue to align themselves by continuously improving their processes by adopting scientifically proven techniques and cultural transformation throughout the organization. However, there is a lack of scientific instruments for the assessment of operational excellence. The objective of this study is to develop a scale for the assessment of practices of operational excellence principles in the organizations. Further reliability and validity of the developed scale are measured by testing the relationship between Human Resource Practices (HRP) and Operational Excellence (OE).Design/methodology/approachThis study comprises quantitative design through exploratory and confirmatory studies and also includes qualitative analysis to develop a scale for the assessment of Operational Excellence (OE). Interviews from industry experts have been conducted to identify the major components for which organizations are striving for OE. Previous literature and excellence models, especially principles of the Shingo Operational Excellence Model (SOEM), have been reviewed and considered to finalize the scale items. Data were collected in two stages from both Telecommunication subsectors (Cellular Mobile Operators and Fixed Local Loop Operators) of Pakistan through the cross-sectional survey. In the first stage, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the sample of 611 respondents from both Cellular Mobile and Fixed Local Loop operators of Pakistan. In the second stage, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on the sample of 423 respondents from the Fixed local loop operators. EFA was conducted by using SPSS version 23 to finalize the OE scale, and for confirmatory factor analysis, PLS-SEM using Smart PLS was used to confirm the reliability and validity of the OE Scale.FindingsThe results of EFA reveal that OE is a multidimensional construct with three dimensions and 23 items. The dimensions of the developed OE Scale explored in this study are cultural enablers (CE), continuous process improvement (CPI) and enterprise alignment (EA). The confirmatory factor analysis of OE confirmed the scale dimensionality, reliability and validity along with the hypothesis testing to measure the impact of antecedent variable HRP on OE.Research limitations/implicationsOrganizations pursue to improve and align their operational processes but usually unable to confirm the implementation of their desired objectives. Based on the developed OE scale, managers may assess the implementation of OE principles in their organizations. This research has been conducted in the telecommunication sector of Pakistan only, and the developed instrument needs to be further tested in other organizations.Practical implicationsThe instrument developed in this study will help both researchers and practitioners to assess the principles of operational excellence in their organizations and enable them to design the strategies for improving organizational performance.Social implicationsThe results of this study will create awareness about the principles of operational excellence. The developed OE instrument will assist in identifying the gaps in organizational norms and values from the perspective of paying respect to every individual inside and outside the organization. OE instrument will be further helpful in the identification and assurance of health, safety, protection of the environment and community issues.Originality/valueThis study provides a reliable and validated scale for the scientific area of operation management and helps managers with the assessment of operational excellence in their organizations. This newly developed scale is also valid to test and use in different studies and industries by researchers and practitioners.

Assessing a Chinese Version of the Runco Ideational Behavior Scale

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1111-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan Chen Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Behavior Scale

I assessed the reliability and validity of a Chinese version of the Runco Ideational Behavior Scale (RIBS). I recruited 107 Taiwanese children (46 boys and 61 girls) for this study. The results indicated that the Chinese version of the RIBS is valid and reliable to some extent. A 2-factor construct was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, which is congruent with the statistical observations in the original study by Runco and colleagues. Nevertheless, the major difference between the current and original studies is that, in order to attain measurement model validity, 6 items were dropped from the Chinese version of the RIBS. Overall, the results obtained in the current study indicate that this abridged Chinese-language version of the RIBS has promise for future use. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed.

A confirmatory factor analysis of knowledge management assessment instrument in Indian higher educational institutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1019-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashima Chawla ◽  
Shabnam Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Acceptable Reliability

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the reliability and validity of the knowledge management assessment instrument (KMAI) developed by Lawson (2003) that consists of 24 items. Design/methodology/approach – The study involved 225 research scholars and 225 faculties’ members from nine higher educational institutions. The respondents were required to respond to a five-point Likert scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree. The collected data were then analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 software packages. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted earlier than performing a confirmatory factor analysis. Findings – All constructs revealed the acceptable internal consistency reliability. A good model fit was found for the measurement model using several fit index tests like CMINDF, TLI, GFI AGFI, CFI and RMSEA. The findings showed that all fit indices criteria were accomplished. It also showed the acceptable reliability and construct validity. Research limitations/implications – KMAI was examined using confirmatory factor analysis only. A large sample size and sample area can be used. Practical implications – This research paper is an endeavor to explore only the reliability and validity of the KMAI. Thus all the three dimensions, namely, “knowledge application”, “knowledge acquisition and creation” and “knowledge storing and sharing” proved out to be reliable and validate when it will be tested in case of any Indian higher educational institutions. Originality/value – The main contributions of this study is that all the factors have good acceptable reliability value; each factor can be measured individually depending on the nature of the research.

Development of an empowering leadership scale for salespeople: validation and reliability

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Khahan Na-Nan ◽  
Suteeluck N. Kanthong ◽  
Kattikamat Khummueng
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Empowering Leadership ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore development and validation of an empowering leadership instrument for salespeople. Design/methodology/approach In all, 20 items were developed for an empowering leadership instrument based on published research, concepts and theories. The instrument was applied as a cross-sectional study for salespeople working in small and medium enterprises. The collected data were assessed using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to ascertain construct validity. Findings The instrument established excellent reliability at 0.904. Five factors such as “Showing concern and developing strong relationships with members”, “informing”, “coaching”, “participative decision making” and “leading by example” were extracted and validated from the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Originality/value The validity of this questionnaire will facilitate future research to extend the boundaries of empowering leadership measurement in the context of supervision and management in organisations. This instrument will assist researchers to gain a more comprehensive understanding of empowering leadership and further investigate its potential in future studies.

Measuring Readiness of Women Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies: Scale Validation and Contextualization

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shazia Manzoor ◽  
Danish Mehraj ◽  
Amira Wali
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Entrepreneurial Readiness

Abstract In existing body of literature on entrepreneurship, suggests lack of a scientific measurement tool, which can be used to study the readiness for women entrepreneurship particularly in Indian context. The key intention of this research was to develop a specific measurement tool to assess the entrepreneur readiness especially among women. This research paper is based on the variables linked with entrepreneurial readiness activity extracted from the existing literature of the subject. The questionnaire was developed using four constructs identified as attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and entrepreneurial readiness, in line with the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The operationalization of factors was done with the help of existing insightful and validated scales. In order to validate the women entrepreneurship readiness scale, a researcher controlled sampling method was employed to collect data from the female students (N=294) of the university of Kashmir. The research used Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) technique for dimensionality of scale, was further subjected to construct validity using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), technique factorized the entrepreneurship readiness instrument to 04 factor structures. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results also showed adequate construct validity (CR, CV and DV) for the entrepreneurship readiness construct. In conclusion, this research work used scientific approach to develop a valid instrument for the measuring entrepreneur readiness and put forward significant implications for the future research course of action.

Measuring Consumer Motivations to Share Rumors

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subin Sudhir ◽  
Anandakuttan B. Unnithan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Word Of Mouth ◽  
Relationship Management ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Anxiety Management ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Rumors are often shared in the marketplace about products, services, brands or organizations; both in the online as well as in the offline scenarios. These rumors get communicated from consumer to consumer in the form of Word of Mouth (WOM). An exhaustive review of literature identified four motivations for consumers to share rumors in the marketplace; which included anxiety management motivation, information sharing motivation, relationship management motivation and self enhancement motivation. The review was not conclusive in identifying any scales for the measurement of these motivations. The article develops a scale for measuring these four motivations. Structured interviews were initially conducted to identify 33 items that motivate a consumer to share rumors. Based on an exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis four factors were identified and the final scale retained 21 items. The scale displayed good scores of reliability and validity.

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