scholarly journals Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Work Attributes of Pharmaceutical Sales Representatives during COVID-19 in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Oamen T.E. ◽  
Moshood L.B.
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sales ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) study on the work attributes of pharmaceutical sales executives in Nigeria using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and furthermore to evaluate the relative importance of the work attributes. An analytical study design used a 13-item, 5-point Likert scale questionnaire administered to 226 pharmaceutical sales executives using a simple random sampling method. Data analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) with a significance level set at p<0.05. The measurement model was evaluated using the maximum likelihood method. Model fit criteria measures for CFA were satisfactory (CMIN/df=2.297; NFI=0.017; TLI=0.905; CFI=0.950; RMSEA=0.064). The study showed that the most dominant attribute was involvement in community education programs with a regression coefficient of 0.892, and the least was limited access to customers (0.446). Convergent validity measures were acceptable. Divergent validity can be enhanced by including more items. The study confirmed the validity of the EFA study outcomes obtained from the previous research work. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) study on the work attributes of pharmaceutical sales executives in Nigeria using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and furthermore to evaluate the relative importance of the work attributes. An analytical study design used a 13-item, 5-point Likert scale questionnaire administered to 226 pharmaceutical sales executives using a simple random sampling method. Data analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) with a significance level set at p<0.05. The measurement model was evaluated using the maximum likelihood method. Model fit criteria measures for CFA were satisfactory (CMIN/df=2.297; NFI=0.017; TLI=0.905; CFI=0.950; RMSEA=0.064). The study showed that the most dominant attribute was involvement in community education programs with a regression coefficient of 0.892, and the least was limited access to customers (0.446). Convergent validity measures were acceptable. Divergent validity can be enhanced by including more items. The study confirmed the validity of the EFA study outcomes obtained from the previous research work.

Gauging the Auditory Dimensions of Dysarthric Impairment: Reliability and Construct Validity of the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales (BoDyS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1516-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfram Ziegler ◽  
Anja Staiger ◽  
Theresa Schölderle ◽  
Mathias Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Interrater Agreement ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Purpose Standardized clinical assessment of dysarthria is essential for management and research. We present a new, fully standardized dysarthria assessment, the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales (BoDyS). The measurement model of the BoDyS is based on auditory evaluations of connected speech using 9 scales (traits) assessed by 4 elicitation methods. Analyses of the BoDyS' reliability and construct validity were performed to test this model, with the aim of gauging the auditory dimensions of speech impairment in dysarthria. Method Interrater agreement was examined in 70 persons with dysarthria. Construct validity was examined in 190 persons with dysarthria using a multitrait-multimethod design with confirmatory factor analysis. Results Interrater agreement of < 1 on a 5-point scale was found in 91% of cases across listener pairs and scales. Average reliability was .85. Inspection of the multitrait-multimethod matrix pointed at a high convergent and discriminant validity. Modeling of the BoDyS trait and method factors using confirmatory factor analysis yielded high goodness of fit. Model coefficients confirmed high discriminant and convergent validity and revealed meaningful relationships between scales and methods. Conclusions The 9 auditory scales of the BoDyS provide a reliable and valid profile of dysarthric impairment. They permit standardized measurement of clinically relevant dimensions of dysarthric speech.

Quality 4.0 – a measurement model using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. Sureshchandar
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

PurposeThe disruptions caused by new-age technologies of Industry 4.0 are posing a formidable challenge to researchers, academicians and practitioners alike. Quality 4.0 that depicts the role of the quality function in the Industry 4.0 scenario must be comprehended so that the rudiments of Quality 4.0 are understood properly, and interventions can be made to embrace the new normal. As the literature on Quality 4.0 is extremely scarce, empirical studies are mandatory to augment the process of theory building.Design/methodology/approachThe research work identifies 12 axes of the Quality 4.0 revolution based on literature review and insights from experts. Subsequently, a measurement model is formulated and an instrument to measure the level of Quality 4.0 implementation is developed. The measurement model has been checked for model fit, reliability and validity using the confirmatory factor analysis approach.FindingsThe proposed model was found to be adequate, reliable and valid and concludes that though technology plays a significant role in the development of the Quality 4.0 system, aspects of traditional quality are very much apropos to transform to the next frontier of quality.Research limitations/implicationsImplications for future research are provided which would help to further explore the nascent field of Quality 4.0.Practical implicationsThis research would help the practitioners better understand the various requirements and measure the degree of implementation of a Quality 4.0 system.Originality/valueThe present research is perhaps the first of its kind in propounding a measurement model, through empirical analysis, for the betterment of the understanding of Quality 4.0 and its associated constituents.

scholarly journals Adaptasi dan uji properti psikometrik The PERMA-Profiler pada orang Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Diana Elfida ◽  
Mirra Noor Milla ◽  
Winarini Wilman D. Mansoer ◽  
Bagus Takwin
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

AbstractThe PERMA-Profiler is a well-being instrument which combines the hedonic and eudaimonic perspective of well-being. This instrument was developed based on well-being theory (Seligman, 2012) which explained well-being as a multidimensional construct, included positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA). This study aimed to adapt and examine the psychometric properties of the PERMA-Profiler in Indonesian people. The participants were 439 Indonesians, aged 17-63 years old (mean age = 30,82; SD = 10,00). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to test the measurement model of PERMA. The result showed that the PERMA-Profiler met the goodness of fit criteria as a multi dimensional construct with five elements. Fourteen items have satisfactory factor loading. The PERMA-Profiler has good construct reliability as well as Cronbach’s alpha. The convergent validity was shown by the positive correlation between elements of PERMA with satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) and subjective happiness scale (SHS). In addition, the significant correlation between elements and each element with a total score proved the multidimensional nature of PERMA. The overall findings showed that the adaptation version of PERMA-Profiler have a good psychometric property and could be applied to Indonesian people.Keywords: confirmatory factor analysis; PERMA; reliability; validity; well-being   AbstrakThe PERMA-Profiler merupakan instrumen kebahagiaan yang memadukan perspektif hedonik dan eudaimonik untuk mengukur kebahagiaan. Instrumen ini mengacu pada well-being theory (M. E. P. Seligman, 2012) yang menjelaskan kebahagiaan sebagai konstruk multidimensi, meliputi positive emotion, engagement, relationship, meaning, dan accomplishment (PERMA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengadaptasi dan menguji properti psikometrik the PERMA-Profiler pada orang Indonesia. Partisipan berjumlah 439 orang Indonesia (pria = 108, wanita = 331) dan berusia antara 17- 63 tahun (usia rerata = 30,82 tahun; SD = 10,00). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) digunakan untuk menguji model pengukuran. Hasil CFA memperlihatkan the PERMA-Profiler memenuhi kriteria kecocokan model sebagai konstruk multidimensi yang terdiri dari lima elemen. Terdapat 14 dari 15 aitem yang valid. Keempatbelas aitem juga yang mengukur satu konstruk tunggal yaitu well-being. The PERMA-Profiler juga memperlihatkan reliabilitas komposit dan konsistensi internal yang memuaskan. Korelasi positif yang signifikan dengan pengukuran skala kepuasan hidup dan skala kebahagiaan umum menunjukkan PERMA-Profiler memenuhi validitas konvergen. Setiap dimensi berkorelasi signifikan satu sama lain dan dengan skor total. Temuan ini memperlihatkan hasil adaptasi the PERMA-Profiler memiliki properti psikometrik  yang bagus dan dapat diterapkan pada orang Indonesia.Kata Kunci: confirmatory factor analysis; kebahagiaan; PERMA; reliabilitas; validitas

scholarly journals A New Model of Green Purchase Intention and its Derivatives: Confirmatory Factor Analysis Validation of Constructs

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Masi Haruna
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
P Value ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

There are various research frameworks found in the extant literature on green purchase intention. However, there is limited and fragmented comprehensive green purchase intention model in previous studies. Furthermore, the predictor variables and their constructs were diverse and were not tested in Nigeria. This study intends to confirm a comprehensive structural model of purchase intention and validating the constructs in Nigeria. The framework consists of five exogenous predictors (perceived green knowledge, government regulation, perceived value, and price sensitivity, green availability) and four endogenous (green purchase intention, perceived behavior control, environmental consciousness and green trust) Over-all, 76-items measure the variables adapted meticulously from various validated instruments. The questionnaires were distributed to 130 Nigerians in UUM. A return of 104 questionnaires was collected representing 80% response rate. Analysis methods using descriptive statistics, reliability, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in AMOS were conducted. The CFA of individual construct establishes adequate goodness fit of p-value >0.05 and GFI of more than 0.90. The Cronbach alpha also shows values above 0.80 indicating reliable constructs. The measurement model of exogenous and endogenous constructs achieves goodness of fit, indicating convergent validity. The CFA of exogenous constructs (p-value= 0.325, GFI= 0.903 and RMSEA=0.025) and endogenous constructs (p-value= 0.135, GFI= 0.914 and RMSEA=0.045) show adequate goodness of fit indices. This study is limited to the Nigerian students in UUM only; therefore a study with larger sample is suggested. It implies that this study could provide better understanding of the term “green” among Nigerians. The study will be an impetus to upgrade government policy on green agenda and practitioners too will have insights on what marketing strategies to use in reaching out to potential consumers with green products. Previous studies lack holistic approach to green purchase intention model. The finding indicates that previous measurements could be adapted in Nigerian context.

The Hierarchical Model of Exercise Dependence

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayatri Kotbagi ◽  
Laurence Kern ◽  
Lucia Romo ◽  
Ramesh Pathare
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Preliminary Version

Abstract. Physical exercise when done excessively may have negative consequences on physical and psychological wellbeing. There exist many scales to measure this phenomenon. The purpose of this article is to create a scale measuring the problematic practice of physical exercise (PPPE Scale) by combining two assessment tools already existing in the field of exercise dependency but anchored in different approaches (EDS-R and EDQ). This research consists of three studies carried out on three independent sample populations. The first study (N = 341) tested the construct validity (exploratory factor analysis); the second study (N = 195) tested the structural validity (confirmatory factor analysis) and the third study (N = 104) tested the convergent validity (correlations) of the preliminary version of the PPPE scale. Exploratory factor analysis identified six distinct dimensions associated with exercise dependency. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis validated a second order model consisting of 25 items with six dimensions and four sub-dimensions. The convergent validity of this scale with other constructs (GLTEQ, EAT26, and The Big Five Inventory [BFI]) is satisfactory. The preliminary version of the PPPE must be administered to a large population to refine its psychometric properties and develop scoring norms.

Psychometric Properties of the Modified Social Environment Questionnaire in Chinese Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka-Man Leung ◽  
Pak-Kwong Chung ◽  
Tin-Lok Yuen ◽  
Jing Dong Liu ◽  
Donggen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the 24-item Social Environment Questionnaire (SEQ-C). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the factor validity and measurement invariance (Purpose 1) of the SEQ-C in 453 older adults in Hong Kong. Convergent validity (Purpose 2) and test–retest reliability (Purpose 3) were also measured. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance supported the four-factor structure (representing companionship, encouragement, neighborhood social cohesion, and role models) of the SEQ-C, in a 15-item model that closely fitted the data. The SEQ-C was also found to have acceptable to satisfactory internal consistency, test–retest reliability, composite reliability, and moderate convergent validity in correlating perceived social support. This study showed that the SEQ-C is a suitable means of measuring the social environments of older adults in Hong Kong.

Construction and Validation of a Self-Efficacy Scale for Latex Barrier Use

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Morell-Mengual ◽  
María Dolores Gil-Llario ◽  
Jesús Castro-Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Preventive Methods ◽  
Negative Expectations

AbstractSome studies have concluded there is a relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behaviors that prevent HIV transmission. This paper presents the construction and validation of the latex barrier use self-efficacy scale (LBSS), which 480 participants filled out. Exploratory factor analysis yielded two components: positive expectations of self-efficacy (ES-POS) and negative expectations of self-efficacy (ES-NEG), which together accounted for 65.59% of total variance. That structure was later verified through confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was .80 for the total scale, and .78 for each of the two factors. Moreover, the instrument had adequate convergent validity and was positively related with condom use self-efficacy, attitudes toward condom and latex barrier use, and ability to refuse sex if the partner refuses to use preventive methods. In conclusion, this instrument is a useful measure of self-efficacy in latex barrier use.

Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Administered to Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-257
Author(s):  
Rebecca Tucker ◽  
Jill R. Quinn ◽  
Ding-Geng (Din) Chen ◽  
Leway Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Background and Purpose: The psychometric properties of the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) have been examined primarily in community-dwelling patients with heart failure (HF). The objective of this research was to examine the properties of the KCCQ administered to patients hospitalized with HF (N = 233). Methods: Confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alphas, and correlations were performed to examine the scale’s dimensions, reliability, and validity. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a 5-factor solution (63.6% of the variance). The Cronbach’s alpha levels were greater than .70, except for the self-efficacy dimension (.60). Convergent validity was not verified between the KCCQ and several illness severity measures. Conclusions: The psychometric properties of the KCCQ may be different based on the population in which the KCCQ is administered, which may have clinical implications.

scholarly journals Development Instruments Through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in Appropriate Intensity Assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Ari Saptono
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
School Students ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The research aims to develop the valid and reliable measurement instruments of entrepreneurship intention in vocational secondary school students. Multi stage random sampling was used as the technique to determine sample (300 respondents). The research method used research and development with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Result of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) at the second order with robust maximum likelihood method shows that valid and reliable instrument with the acquisition value of loading factor is more than 0.5 (> 0,5) and a significance value of t is more than 1,96 (> 1,96). Reliability test results shows that the value of the combined construct reliability (CR) of 0.97and a variance value extract (VE) to 0.52 is greater than the limit of acceptance CR ? 0.70 and VE ? 0.50. The conclusion of the measurement instruments of entrepreneurship intention with three dimensions and 31 items met the standards of validity and reliability in accordance with the instrument development process.

scholarly journals The Italian Version of Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI-I) for Adolescents: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Relation with Self-Control and Internalized-Externalized Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Bassi ◽  
Adriana Lis ◽  
Tatiana Marci ◽  
Silvia Salcuni
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe increased smartphone use in adolescence has led clinicians and researchers to carry out in-depth studies on the matter. Adolescents seem to be at risk of smartphone addiction because they are yet to develop self-control in smartphone use. This psychometric study aimed at examining the levels of validity evidence for the Smartphone Addiction Inventory-Italian (SPAI-I) version for adults, among adolescents. Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed the factor structure of the SPAI-I version for adults among adolescents but not the exploratory factor structure for adults of the original Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI). Convergent validity was assessed by examining the relationship between SPAI-I, self-control, and internalized and externalized problems. A total of 446 Italian adolescents (mean age = 16.04, SD = 1.72, 36.3% males) completed the Self-Restraint Subscale of the Adolescent Self-Consciousness and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires—with a specific focus on the subscales of internalized and externalized problems. Present findings suggested that the SPAI-I version could be used to assess smartphone overuse among adolescents according to a multidimensional perspective.

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