Corruption and perceived risk: a case of the 2011 Fukushima disaster

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1156-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Yamamura
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Endogeneity Bias ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Fukushima Disaster

Purpose – Japan's 2011 natural disasters were accompanied by a devastating nuclear disaster in Fukushima. This paper used cross-country data obtained immediately after the Japanese disaster to explore how, and the extent to which, corruption affects the perception of citizens regarding the risk of nuclear accidents. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Endogeneity bias was controlled for using instrumental variables when the author conducted regression estimation. Findings – The cross-country analysis showed that citizens in less corrupt countries tend to perceive there to be a lower possibility of nuclear accident. Originality/value – The finding made it evident that transparency of government enables citizens to access accurate information, reducing information asymmetry between citizens and government.

scholarly journals Sustainability level, corruption and tax evasion: a cross-country analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hichem Khlif ◽  
Achraf Guidara ◽  
Khaled Hussainey
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Competitiveness Report

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between the level of sustainability and tax evasion and test whether the level of corruption moderates such a relationship. Design/methodology/approach The sample consists of 65 developed and developing countries. Tax evasion is measured using a macro indirect approach used by Schneider et al. (2010). The sustainability level and corruption variables are collected from The Global Competitiveness Report for 2012-2013. Findings This study finds that the level of tax evasion is negatively associated with the level of sustainability (overall score and social and environmental score) and the quality of infrastructure. When we distinguish between low- and high-corruption countries, we find that this negative association is significant for low-corruption countries and insignificant for high-corruption countries. These results imply that the level of corruption may reduce the tendency of individuals in a given state to accept and trust their government in general and comply with the tax rules in particular. Originality/value Our empirical findings have policy implications for governments with high levels of tax evasion, as they highlight the importance of states’ engagements towards their citizens in reducing tax evasion.

Trust, risk and transaction intention in consumer-to-consumer e-marketplaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangning Wei ◽  
Yuzhu Li ◽  
Yong Zha ◽  
Jing Ma
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trust Building ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Transactions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare the relative impacts of trust and risk on individual’s transaction intention in consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-marketplaces from both the buyers’ and the sellers’ perspectives. Design/methodology/approach Two surveys were used to collect data regarding buyers’ and sellers’ perceptions and transaction intentions at a typical C2C e-marketplace. Partial least squares was used to analyze the data. A complementary qualitative study was conducted to triangulate the results from the quantitative study. Findings Institution-based trust (IBT) exerts a stronger influence on transaction intentions for buyers than for sellers. Sellers perceive a stronger impact of trust in intermediary (TII) than buyers on transaction intentions. The impacts of perceived risk in transactions are not different between buyers and sellers. Furthermore, IBT mediates the impacts of TII and perceived risk on transaction intentions for buyers. Research limitations/implications The results indicate that the impacts of trust and risk on transaction intention in e-marketplaces do differ between buyers and sellers. This suggests a need to further investigate the buyer–seller difference in online transactions. Practical implications Intermediaries need to focus on different types of trust-building mechanisms when attracting buyers and sellers to make transactions in the e-marketplace. Originality/value C2C e-marketplaces cannot survive without participation from both buyers and sellers. Most prior research is conducted from the buyers’ perspective. This research sets a starting point for future research to further explore the differences between buyers’ and sellers’ behavior in C2C e-commerce environments.

An empirical test of the pollution haven hypothesis for China: intra-host country analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyi Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Host Country ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Location Decisions ◽  
Pollution Haven Hypothesis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pollution Haven ◽  
Regulation Policy ◽  
Country Analysis

Purpose – This paper aims to, under the framework of the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH), test the theory that foreign direct investment (FDI) creates an intra-host country pollution haven in developing nations by studying the contemporary case of China. Design/methodology/approach – This empirical analysis has used a panel dataset of 30 provinces that was analyzed for the period of 1997-2011. An Oaxaca decomposition was also implemented to examine the effects of environmental stringency on regional pollution. Findings – The estimates indicate that openness to FDI generally appears to be good for the environment. The results of estimation show that the western region of China has developed a potential “comparative advantage” in pollution-intensive industries, thanks to the strong incentive of economic expansion. However, further estimates concerning the location decisions of FDI suggest that the providers of FDI still prefer to locate in the coastal regions of China, where a tighter environmental regulation policy has been imposed. The findings suggest that the better infrastructure and technology spillover of environmental policy-making might be more attractive to FDI than comparatively weak environmental stringency. Originality/value – This study applies a model advanced in previous theoretical literature which divides the effects of trade into the categories of scale, technique and composition. It also contributes to the understanding of the PHH in the context of intra-host country analysis.

scholarly journals Socio-economic sourcing: benefits of small business set-asides in public procurement

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Hawkins ◽  
Michael Gravier ◽  
Wesley S. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Source Selection ◽  
Selection Processes

Purpose Small businesses are critical to economic health and encouraged in government spending by set-asides – annual small business sourcing goals that often are not attained. Little research has explored the negative and risky stigmas associated with small business sourcing. Design/methodology/approach This research explores reduced transaction costs of small business sourcing to government buyers. A survey of 350 government source selections reveals lower transaction costs derived from lower perceived risk of receiving a bid protest and via more efficient source selection processes. Findings Contrary to common bias, the performance level of small businesses is no less than that of large business. Thus, small businesses engender lower transaction costs for correcting supplier’s performance. On the basis of these findings, managerial and theoretical implications are discussed.

Further evidence on idiosyncratic risk and REIT pricing: a cross-country analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-58
Author(s):  
Lin Mi ◽  
Karen Benson ◽  
Robert Faff
Keyword(s):  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Idiosyncratic Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Risk Variable ◽  
The Us ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide new cross-country evidence on the relation between real estate investment trust (REIT) returns and idiosyncratic risk for samples of listed and unlisted REITs in the US and Australia. Design/methodology/approach Five alternative models with exponential GARCH enhancements were employed, in a Fama-MacBeth (1973) setup. The authors assess the statistical significance of the idiosyncratic risk variable and interpret the outcomes. Findings The results show that listed REITs in the US and Australia demonstrate a positive idiosyncratic risk-return linkage over the long period of January 1980-November 2013 and April 1994-December 2012, respectively. A further examination by sub-period reveals that this positive relation is only evident in the new REIT era (January 1993-September 2001), absent in the vintage era (before December 1992) and maturity era (November 2001-August 2008). The unlisted REITs in both countries show no relation with idiosyncratic risk. Further, the global financial crisis has no effect on the relation between idiosyncratic risk and REIT returns. Originality/value A key motivation of this paper stems from the mixed findings documented in the literature. Also very little research has been done on the idiosyncratic risk-REIT returns linkage in the Australian context. This study offers unique insights from comparisons: Australia vs the US; and listed vs unlisted REITs.

scholarly journals Professional training in organic food production: a cross-country experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-273
Author(s):  
Raquel Guiné ◽  
Daniela Costa ◽  
Paula Correia ◽  
Cristina Costa ◽  
Helena Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to characterize the agricultural activities and past experiences in professional training in the context of mobile learning in different countries (Portugal, Spain, Slovakia, Hungary, UK, Italy and Turkey). Design/methodology/approach For the survey, a questionnaire was prepared in English and Portuguese and then translated into the languages of the participating countries. It was delivered electronically for answering online by adults only. The participation was voluntary and in the end 133 consented valid questionnaires were obtained. For the treatment of the data, SPSS was used and basic descriptive statistics tools were applied, together with tests, namely, crosstabs and χ2 tests, considering a level of significance of 5 percent. Findings The results showed that the majority of the participants presently have some agricultural activity and one-third is thinking about starting one in the future. Most of the participants want to produce food organically, with significant differences among the countries studied in this paper. Most of the participants were enrolled in training activities in agriculture, especially those with higher education. This participation showed significant differences between countries as well as according to the dimension of the farms owned by the participants. A significant association was found between being a teacher in forming activities related to agriculture and being a farmer. When compared to distance learning, the training activities in classroom were the most frequent, with significant differences among the countries. Practical implications This study allowed characterizing the learning activities in the field of organic agriculture and established vision for planning of future training programs, in different countries, with maybe different social, educational and cultural realities. Originality/value Because the study included the participation of people from several countries all around Europe, the results obtained enrich the scientific area of training in organic farming, in view of distance learning vs classroom learning on a more global basis.

Internationalization and innovation in nascent companies: does gender matter?

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Fernandes Rodrigues Alves ◽  
Simone Vasconcelos Ribeiro Galina ◽  
Nayele Macini ◽  
Luísa Cagica Carvalho ◽  
Teresa Costa
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Multiple Conditions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the competitiveness of women entrepreneurs in terms of internationalization and innovation. Supported by a resource-based framework of early internationalizing firms, the authors investigated multiple conditions for the relationship between internationalization and innovation relative to gender in nascent companies. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, the authors used survey data related to entrepreneurial activity in 50 countries from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Based on a model of seven factors (internationalization, innovation, gender, skills, opportunity, sector, and country), the authors tested the significance of the relationships between these factors by means of a hierarchical log-linear analysis. Findings The results indicate the low competitiveness of women entrepreneurs in general, but outline some singularities, especially between developed and developing countries. Originality/value This study offers cross-country empirical evidence of how factors of different levels interact with each other. In this way, the authors shed light on the competitiveness of nascent companies, especially regarding gender differences.

Educational mismatch and its impact on earnings: evidence from Indian labour market

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1778-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Sharma ◽  
Prateek Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Educational Mismatch ◽  
Endogeneity Bias ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Wage Effects ◽  
Identification Strategy

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the incidence and determinants of educational mismatch in the Indian labour market. It also attempts to measure the wage effects of educational mismatch, and other individual and work-related characteristics. Design/methodology/approach Educational mismatch is modelled using multiple Mincerian equations. Wage effects are measured using the novel identification strategy of Lewbel (2012), which constructs internal instruments to obviate potential endogeneity problems. Findings The authors find that the returns to over-education are positive and significant, while the returns to under-education are negative and significant. However, over-educated would earn less than the workers who have the same educational level, but who are engaged in occupations for which they are adequately educated. Originality/value This study is one of the earliest attempts to identify the determinants of educational mismatch in the Indian labour market. Additionally, it measures the effect of educational mismatch on labour market earnings, as well as marginal wage effects of each surplus (or deficit) year of education. Methodological improvements ensure that the results are robust to the sample selection bias, as well as the endogeneity bias.

Efficiency of banks in Southeast Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 2302-2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shazida Jan Mohd Khan ◽  
Shamzaeffa Samsudin ◽  
Rabiul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Bank Efficiency ◽  
Financial Reforms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Country

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use the concept of meta-frontiers data envelopment analysis (DEA) to compare the technical efficiencies of banks in selected Southeast Asia countries in the periods of 1998-2012. Design/methodology/approach The authors evaluate bank efficiency in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines by means of DEA, and the authors employ a meta-frontiers approach to calculate efficiency scores in a cross-country setting. Findings The analysis shows that even there are some similarities in the process of financial reforms undertaken in the selected countries, the observed efficiency levels of banks vary substantially across the market. Originality/value It is crucial to take into consideration of different technologies in explaining the efficiency differences.

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