Education and development factors for social welfare

This article addresses education as one of the factors that limit or encourage the development of regions; the objective is to analyze the relationship between education and development in one of the municipalities of the state of Guerrero, so quantitative methodology tools were used, which led to a diagnosis in the study municipality, as well as statistics from sources. UNDP High Schools, Global Competitiveness Report, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, which allowed to frame and identify the level that Mexico saves and therefore the state of Guerrero internationally at the educational levels. The research results reveal low educational levels which has limited development in the municipality.

Entrepreneurial Pillars and Women Entrepreneurship Relationship in OECD Countries

This chapter has the main objective of investigating whether there is a relationship between the main pillars considered in the “Global Competitiveness Report” database and the rate of female entrepreneurship in OECD countries with available data using the fsQCA methodology. These pillars are the basic ones (institutions, infrastructure, macroeconomic environment, primary education, and health), the efficiency enhancers (higher education, efficiency of the goods market, efficiency of the labor market, development of the financial market, technological preparation, size market), and the pillars related to innovation (business sophistication and innovation itself). It is based on the data available for the OECD countries for the year 2016, which cover different geographical areas. The purpose of this analysis is to extract specific conclusions about potential entrepreneurship policies that could be applied, government programs that could be developed, and specific measurements to be designed to improve female entrepreneurship at national level.

Business dynamism in the world economy

The creation and growth of new enterprises and, on the other hand, their decline and market exit are crucial factors of business dynamism and economic growth. Thus, business dynamism is an important aspect in the market chain and productivity of an economy, as well as a trigger for market reforms. The aim is to analyze business dynamism using Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 and its variables worldwide and to verify the relationship between business dynamism in the EU states and economic characteristics such as Valued added at factor cost, Enterprise Birth Rate and Enterprise Death Rate. Data were collected from the 2019 Global Competitiveness Report and from the EUROSTAT database, using the most recently updated source for each indicator. The 11th pillar of the Global Competitiveness Index, focused on business dynamics, and a set of indicators were analyzed using PCA to verify if all the variables are effective representatives of the concept. It was found out that the pillar does not effectively represent the concept of business dynamism in case of the EU countries; therefore the new pillar was constructed. A strong and statistically significant correlation between business dynamism and Value Added was confirmed. A relationship between business dynamism and other economic indicators was not proven. From a territorial point of view, Oceania achieved the best overall result in the analyzed field. The process of starting a new business is the most challenging in terms of start-up costs in South America. By contrast, the EU has reached the best result in this process.

Innovation Ecosystem of ASEAN Countries

The paper investigates the innovation ecosystem alignment of ASEAN countries, based on the Global Competitiveness Report 2019 and Global Innovation Report 2019. Of interest are issues on institutions, human capital and research, infrastructure, market sophistication, and business sophistication. The results show the comparative strengths and weaknesses of each ASEAN economy. The information is suggestive to policymaker and private sectors if any measurement is required to close these gaps or to leverage their innovation ecosystem.

MANAGEMENT COMPETITIVENESS OF THE COUNTRY: MACROECONOMIC ASPECTS

Porter, M. (1993). Mezhdunarodnaja konkurencija. [International competition]. Translated by and in Shhetinina V. D. (ed.) Mezhdunar. Otnoshenija. Moskov. Russia. Zhalilo, Ya. A. (2003). Ekonomichna strategiya derzhavy`: teoriya, metodologiya, prakty`ka [Economic strategy of the state: theory, methodology, practice]. NISD, Кiev. Ukraine. Kvasyuk, B. Ye. (2005). Konkurentospromozhnist` nacional`noyi ekonomiky` [Competitiveness of the national economy]. In Kvasyuka B. Ye. (ed.). Vyd-vo Feniks. Кiev. Ukraine. Kryuchkova, I. (2007). Konkurentospromozhnist` ekonomiky` Ukrayiny`: stan i perspekty`vy` pidvy`shhennya [Competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy: the state and prospects of increase]. Insty`tut ekonomiky` ta prognozuvannya NAN Ukrayiny`. Vyd-vo Osnova, Кiev. Ukraine. Antonyuk, L. L. (2004). Mizhnarodna konkurentospromozhnist` krayin: teoriya ta mexanizm realizaciyi [International Competitiveness of Countries: Theory and Mechanism of Realization]. Vyd-vo KNEU. Кiev. Ukraine. Mizhnarodna ekonomika. [International Economics]. (2014). In Mazaraki A. A. (ed.). Vyd-vo Ky`yiv. nacz. torg.-ekon. un-t. Кiev. Ukraine. Vertelyeva, O. (2016) «Faktory` mizhnarodnoyi konkurentospromozhnosti Ukrayiny`». Derzhava ta ekonomika. no 3. pp. 33-48. The Global Competitiveness Report 2018 / WEF. Available at: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2018/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2018.pdf. The Global Competitiveness Report / WEF. – 2014,2015,2016,2017. Available at: http://www3.weforum.org/.

Effects of the Pillars of Competitiveness on the Competitive Positions of Poland and the Visegrad Group Countries in the Post‑Accession Period

The article presents the results of an analysis aimed at assessing the effects of fundamental factors (pillars) on the international positions and competitiveness of the economies of Poland and the other Visegrad Group (V4) countries. It attempts to verify the hypothesis that in shaping their international competitive position, the V4 economies should rely more on efficiency enhancers as well as innovation and sophistication factors. The competitive positions of the economies covered and the changes thereof were determined on the basis of the Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) editions published by the World Economic Forum. The period under examination includes the years 2004–2017, but owing to the lack of comparable data, it was narrowed to the years 2006–2017. The article ends with a summary of the most important conclusions from the analysis.

Why the Concept of Private Demand for Innovations Should Be Understand: The case of ex-YU countries

This paper aims to provide a comparative analysis of private demand for innovation in the context of the ex-YU countries such as Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia and Macedonia from 2011 to 2016. One key variable for the importance of demand for innovation is the buyer sophistication. This signals the ability of buyers to select products and services based on performance rather than price and to bear the cost of products at the beginning of the life cycle. The companies that face a sophisticated domestic market are likely to sell high quality products and a close proximity to such consumers should to enables the company to better understand the needs and desires of the customers and how they perceive the value of the product. For cultural or historical reasons, buyers may be more demanding in some countries than in others. Hence, оur start point is that “higher degrees of buyer sophistication can to explain higher shares of innovative sales” (Hollanders and Es-Sadki, 2017, p. 42) and opposite “lower shares of innovative sales could to explain lower degrees of buyer sophistication” in the above countries. Thus, our analysis relies on two key indicators, the “buyer sophistication” and the “sales of new-to-market and new-to-firm product innovations”, which are including, the first in the Global Competitiveness Report and the second, in the European Innovation Scoreboard. Looking at the results, it can be noted that Serbia has a big gap between the two indicators, so the extent of buyer sophistication is lower from the extent of innovative sales. Аs business leaders make a subjective assessment of the GCR’s indicator Buyer sophistication, it can be assumed that Serbian business leaders assess the sophistication of domestic customers much lower than it is. This example is somewhat similar to the Slovenian business leaders. These two countries achieve the same level of sales of innovative products, while Macedonia and Croatia are in the same group and have lower sales of innovative products. This finding calls for demand-oriented policies which would have to influence the innovation culture in the market, making buyers more risk taking, aware of innovations and empower them to buy and use them.

THE IMPORTANCE OF SCIENCE FOR IMPROVING COMPETITIVENESS OF NATIONAL ECONOMY

TThe aim of the paper is to examine the interdependence of the selected indicators from the Global Competitiveness Report and the Innovation pillar, which is used as a proxy indicator of the science competitiveness. This relationship is analyzed within the sample of 9 countries. The analysis uses available information sources in WEFs annual reports. The key contribution of this paper consists in providing clearer into factors competitiveness in the analyzed countries and pointing out the priority actions for the authorities to improve and increase the competitiveness level of science, and its contribution to the national economy competitiveness level. The research results can serve policy makers in shaping strategies and policies for the competitiveness improvement and the future of economic development in the analyzed countries.

INNOVATIONS IN THE STRUCTURE AND METHODOLOGY OF CALCULATION OF THE GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX

In October 2018 an updated Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) 4.0 was introduced in the Global Competitiveness Report2018. Inthe article identify the main differences in the structure and methodology of calculating GCI in the editions of the Global Competitiveness Report 2017–2018 and the Global Competitiveness Report2018. Areview of a number of sources showed that researchers don’t pay enough attention to innovations in the structure and methodology of calculating GCI 4.0. As a result of analyzing the structure and methodology of calculating GCI 4.0, it was revealed that a number of adjustments were made in the Index aimed at marking the importance of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, equalization the conditions when calculating the Index for countries at different stages of development, and taking into account current tendencies of the world economy. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that these innovations have reduced the high degree of subjectivity of the GCI, eliminated a number of difficulties in independent determining the value of the Index and increased the transparency of the calculations.

Singapore’s Foreign Policy: A Book Review

This book contains five chapter with a specific explain and contribution in every chapter. The first chapter is about Singapore’s foreign policy and explains about exceptional state. The second chapter is talking about the battle of sovereignty. The third is about transcending regional locale. The fourth explaining about Singapore and the power, and the last is about driving and suffering the region. The Island Republic of Singapore is the smallest state within South-East Asia and, indeed, within a wider East Asia. It also lacks natural resources, except for the human variety in limited numbers, and a harbor in an ideal location for servicing regional trade. In 1999, for the third year running, the Swiss based world economic forum ranked Singapore first among over fifty leading economies in its annual global competitiveness report. In its material accomplishments and attendant external recognition, Singapore is exceptional not only within its regional locale, but also globally among so called small states. The point has been well made that economic success is the main reason for Singapore’s high status and disproportionate influence in international affairs.Keywords: Singapore's foreign policy, sovereignty, small states