Household overspending on marriage: the scale of the problem and government reactions around the world

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 1509-1532
Author(s):  
Turkhan Sadigov
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sociocultural Environment ◽  
Large N ◽  
Open Source Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Cross Country

PurposeThe article offers an empirical investigation of the incidence and scale of household marriage overspending around the world, and the governments' reaction once the problem emerges.Design/methodology/approachThis study relies on regression analysis of open source data from legislation, mass media, and judiciary hearings for 141 countries. In the Phase 1 logistic regression of cross-country large-N data is used to identify country-incidence of marriage cost escalation. In the Phase 2 ordered logistic regression is used to uncover statistically significant factors that predict the probability of alternative government reactions in 87 countries which experience marriage cost escalation.FindingsIn a strong collectivist sociocultural environment, driven by informality, the rise of middle classes, combined with the decline of traditional hierarchies, and limited opportunities for economic mobility motivates households to enter emulative wedding spending, thus leading to overspending. Governments' reaction depends on available policy resources, and the economic scale of the problem.Research limitations/implicationsThe research findings suggest that rising living standards in the developing countries are more likely to escalate wedding costs, and consequently reinforce traditional values.Originality/valueAcademic literature links marriage-related overspending to armed insurgency, child marriage and decreasing state efficiency. Despite the problem's scope, existing research has not comprehensively addressed both its causes, and cross-country differences in government reactions to it. The article addresses both of the mentioned gaps, by offering a conceptual model of marriage cost escalation.

Where It All Began

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Brian Wampler ◽  
Stephanie McNulty ◽  
Michael Touchton
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Community Mobilization ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Large N ◽  
The World ◽  
Citizen Empowerment ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Justice Program ◽  
The Rich

Latin America is PB’s birthplace and the region where it was first widely adopted. PB currently exists in almost every country of this region of the world. This chapter documents PB development in Brazil, its spread from Brazil to other countries as well as PB’s transformation since the 1990s, when it changed from a social justice program to a policy tool that promotes citizen empowerment and community mobilization. Latin America also led the way with the first mandated programs, as Peru’s national government was the first country in the world to require that all subnational governments adopt PB. Latin American PB programs are among the most studied in the world, which means that solid research findings identify when and where PB produces significant social and political change. Most importantly, there are many comparative, longitudinal, and large-N studies from Brazil that demonstrate that PB is generating positive change. But, research on other countries, such as Peru and Mexico, suggest that PB’s impact is much weaker in those countries. The chapter provides a summary of the rich body of evidence that has emerged since 1989, and describes PB in Brazil, Peru, El Salvador, and Mexico.

Gender difference and informal competition: evidence from India

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Farooq ◽  
Harit Satt ◽  
Souhail Ramid
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Managers ◽  
Institutional Infrastructure ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
The World ◽  
Enterprise Survey

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to document how male and female managers respond to competition posed by informal firms.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology uses the ordered logistic regression and the data provided by the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey to test the arguments for firms headquartered in India.FindingsThe findings show that firms managed by females are more likely to consider informal competition as a bigger obstacle for their operations than firms managed by males. It also shows that this relationship is more pronounced in provinces with weak institutional infrastructure. Lastly, the paper shows that firms managed by females respond to competition from the informal sector by undertaking more innovations than firms managed by males.Originality/valueThis research extends the literature on gender differences in response to competition by documenting how female managers respond to external competition in emerging markets.

scholarly journals Bureaucracy and Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (14) ◽  
pp. 2246-2282
Author(s):  
Agnes Cornell ◽  
Carl Henrik Knutsen ◽  
Jan Teorell
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Precise Estimation ◽  
Large N ◽  
The World ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Sufficient Variation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Country Specific

We revisit the hypothesis that a Weberian bureaucracy enhances economic growth. Theoretically, we develop arguments for why such a bureaucracy may enhance growth and discuss plausible counterarguments. Empirically, we use new measures capturing various Weberian features in countries across the world, with some time series extending back to 1789. The evidence base from previous large- N studies is surprisingly thin, but our extensive data enable us to move beyond the problematic cross-country correlations used in previous studies. Hence, we conduct tests that control for country-specific characteristics while ensuring sufficient variation on the slow-moving bureaucracy variables to enable precise estimation. Our analysis suggests that previous cross-country regressions have vastly overstated the strength of the relationship. While this casts uncertainty on the proposition that there is an effect of Weberian bureaucracy on growth, our further analysis suggests that—if an effect exists—it may operate in the short term and be stronger in recent decades.

Can Black Africa afford to be Green Africa?

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory N. Price ◽  
Juliet U. Elu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Black Africa ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Sub Saharan

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to use a neoclassical factor pricing approach to carbon emissions, and consider whether the productivity of carbon emissions differs in Sub-Saharan Africa relative to the rest of the world. Design/methodology/approach – Allowing for possible cross-country dependency and correlation in the effects of the factors of production on the level of gross domestic product per capita, the authors estimate the parameters of a cross-country net production function with carbon emissions as an input. Findings – While there is a “Sub-Saharan Africa effect” whereby carbon emissions are less productive as an input relative to the rest of the world; practically it is equally productive relative to all other countries suggesting a unfavorable distributional impact if Sub-Saharan Africa were to implement carbon emissions reductions consistent with the Kyoto Protocol. Research limitations/implications – If global warming is not anthropogenic or caused by carbon emissions, the parameter estimates do not inform an optimal and equitable carbon emissions policy based upon Sub-Saharan Africans reducing their short-run living standards. Practical implications – Fair and equitable global carbon emissions policies should aim to treat Sub-Saharan African countries in proportion to their carbon emissions, and not unfairly impose emissions constraints on them equal to that of countries in the industrialized west. Social implications – As Sub-Saharan Africa has a disproportionate number of individuals in the world living on less than one dollar a day, the results suggest “Black Africa” may not be able to afford being a “Green Africa.” Originality/value – The results are the first to quantify the effects of carbon emissions restrictions on output and their distributional implications for Sub-Saharan Africa.

Interactive innovative tool for early diagnosis of global pre-crisis processes (based on measurement and assessment of the virtual intellectual capital)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigori Arshaluys Vahanyan ◽  
Hovhannes Vahanyan ◽  
Margarita Ghazaryan
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Virtual Cluster ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Short Term Forecasting

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the great importance and impact of the virtual intellectual capital (VIC) in the frameworks of digital economics, e-governance and business, e-trading and commerce, virtual organizations and enterprises, and information communication technologies development (based on the comparative case studies of the world, Russian and Armenian economics). These conditions increase the importance of the measurement and assessment of the VIC.Design/methodology/approachThe research findings are obtained through the method of comparative analysis of the complex models of the VIC. The features are studied through measuring and assessing the VIC parameters of virtual representations on the internet. The data are complemented through virtual cluster analysis, a multidimensional statistical procedure that collects data containing information on facility selection. Three cluster groups are used in the study: the clusters of the TNCs and their virtual representations; the clusters of the network of the leading innovation centers and their virtual representations; and the clusters of the leading universities and their virtual representations.FindingsThe paper establishes the research findings of the growth forecasts of the IC clusters in the world, Russian and Armenian economic processes. This is extremely important to ensuring sustainable growth of the country’s competitiveness, economy and general welfare. The paper proposes a new model of the virtual national or transnational intellectual capital (VNTIC). The VNTIC model presents three general components: virtual representations of universities, innovation center networks and transnational corporations in global networks. The research findings show that the interactive innovative tools (IIT) can be used for early diagnosis of the world economic and financial processes.Originality/valueThe authors developed for the first time the IIT for measuring and assessing the three intellectual capital components. The paper presents a new approach and a more reliable tool for short-term forecasting at global and national levels based on QI ranking of the VIC clusters of the commercial enterprises, universities and networks of innovation centers.

National factor effects on firm competitiveness and innovation

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Markham Collins ◽  
Michael L. Troilo
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
New Products ◽  
New Product ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Quality Certification ◽  
The World ◽  
Floating Exchange Rate

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to investigate how national-level characteristics such as country wealth, a floating exchange rate and European Union (EU) membership influence firm-level perceptions of competition and firm-level innovation. Greater understanding of these relationships can promote more effective policymaking as well as add to the existing academic conversation regarding national factors and firm competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach – The authors’ data consist of a panel of 27 countries in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia from 2002 to 2009 with a total of nearly 27,000 firms from the World Bank Enterprise Survey. The authors utilize a multinomial logistic regression to estimate firm-level perceptions of both domestic and foreign competition upon decisions to introduce new products and manage new product costs. The authors then estimate the probability of innovation (introduction of a new product/service, obtaining international quality certification) using a logistic regression. The marginal effects of the key explanatory variables for country wealth, floating exchange rate and EU membership are calculated. Findings – While EU membership heightens perceptions of competition, firms in the EU are less likely to introduce new products or services. On the other hand, a firm in an EU member country is more likely to obtain international quality certification than one that is not. Both country wealth and a floating exchange correlate with enhanced perceptions of competition and innovation as expected. Originality/value – The first finding regarding heightened perceptions of competition yet lower likelihood of introduction of new products/services among EU firms is surprising. Beyond adding to the empirical store of knowledge regarding the relationship of national factors to firm competitiveness, it suggests that more needs to be done with regard to innovation policy. The authors offer a general recommendation to employ more public–private partnerships for innovation among small and medium enterprises, as this has been effective in other parts of the world.

A cross-country comparison on the use of blended learning in property education

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Poon
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Delivery Approach

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the use of blended learning in property education courses in different countries. The rationale for this study is to fill the research gap in this area. The focus of previous research on blended learning has been on individual countries only, and there is yet to appear any research on a cross-country comparison. The purpose of this study is to identity the differences as well as the good practices using blended learning as a delivery approach in different countries As a result, individual countries can learn experience from another country. It is expected academics interested in using blended learning as a delivery approach will benefit from the research findings of this paper, through gaining an understanding of the advantages and challenges of using blended learning in different countries. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents the research findings of questionnaire surveys and interviews with academics teaching property courses in Australia and the UK. The questionnaire aimed to gather academics’ views on blended learning, their reasons for using blended learning as a teaching method, their design of blended learning courses and the support they provide to students on dealing with web technology. The aim of the interviews was to gain deeper insight into the successful factors and challenges in the use of blended learning. In total, 16 interviews were conducted. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded to identify similar themes. Content analysis was used as a method to analyse the interview data. The frequency of the answer in the questionnaire and comments from interviewees is presented. Findings – The Australian and UK property academics have similar views on many aspects of blended learning. Their definitions of blended learning are similar as their reasons to use it as a teaching method. The commonly used teaching and learning activities in their blended learning courses in both countries are, again, similar, such as the use of lectures, case studies and guest lecturers. On the other hand, the academics in the two countries face different challenges. A challenge faced by the Australian property academics is to deliver online courses to students who have limited internet downloading capacity and broadband width. Australia is a very large country and has more regional and remote areas. Another challenge faced by the Australian academics is keeping up with the constant introduction of new teaching and learning technology by their universities. On the other hand, the UK academics faced a different challenge, which was to sufficiently engage and encourage students to contribute in online Discussion Boards. The finding is possibly because the UK study was conducted two years prior to the Australian study and the idea of online discussions was relatively new to students at the time. The conclusion drawn from this research is that “time” and the size of the country influence the use of blended learning. Originality/value – This project is the first to conduct a cross-country comparison on the use of blended learning in professionally accredited property courses.

Use of evidence-based management in healthcare administration decision-making

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiling Guo ◽  
Steven D. Berkshire ◽  
Lawrence V. Fulton ◽  
Patrick M. Hermanson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Healthcare Administration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Healthcare Leaders

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether healthcare leaders use evidence-based management (EBMgt) when facing major decisions and what types of evidence healthcare administrators consult during their decision-making. This study also intends to identify any relationship that might exist among adoption of EBMgt in healthcare management, attitudes towards EBMgt, demographic characteristics and organizational characteristics. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted among US healthcare leaders. Spearman’s correlation and logistic regression were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23.0. Findings One hundred and fifty-four healthcare leaders completed the survey. The study results indicated that 90 per cent of the participants self-reported having used an EBMgt approach for decision-making. Professional experiences (87 per cent), organizational data (84 per cent) and stakeholders’ values (63 per cent) were the top three types of evidence consulted daily and weekly for decision-making. Case study (75 per cent) and scientific research findings (75 per cent) were the top two types of evidence consulted monthly or less than once a month. An exploratory, stepwise logistic regression model correctly classified 75.3 per cent of all observations for a dichotomous “use of EBMgt” response variable using three independent variables: attitude towards EBMgt, number of employees in the organization and the job position. Spearman’s correlation indicated statistically significant relationships between healthcare leaders’ use of EBMgt and healthcare organization bed size (rs = 0.217, n = 152, p < 0.01), attitude towards EBMgt (rs = 0.517, n = 152, p < 0.01), and the number of organization employees (rs = 0.195, n = 152, p = 0.016). Originality/value This study generated new research findings on the practice of EBMgt in US healthcare administration decision-making.

Expected maintenance waste reduction benefits after implementation of Just in Time (JIT) philosophy in maintenance (a statistical analysis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Phogat ◽  
Anil Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Data Interpretation ◽  
General Information ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Great Saving ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Purpose The maintenance department of today, like many other departments, is under sustained pressure to slash costs, show outcome and support the assignment of the organization, as it is a commonsensical prospect from the business perspective. The purpose of this paper is to examine expected maintenance waste reduction benefits in the maintenance of organizations after the implementation of just-in-time (JIT) managerial philosophy. For this, a structured questionnaire was designed and sent to the 421 industries in India. Design/methodology/approach The designed questionnaire was divided into two sections A and B to assist data interpretation. The aim of the section A was to build general information of participants, type of organization, number of employees, annual turnover of the organization, etc. Section B was also a structured questionnaire developed based on a five-point Likert scale. The identified critical elements of the JIT were included in the questionnaire to identify the maintenance waste reduction benefits in the maintenance of organizations. Findings On the basis of the 133 responses, hypothesis testing was done with the help of Z-test, and it was found out that in maintenance, we can reduce a large inventory of spare parts and also shorten the excessive maintenance activities due to the implementation of JIT philosophy. All the four wastes: waste of processing; waste of rejects/rework/scrap in case of poor maintenance; waste of the transport of spares, and waste of motion, have approximately equal weightage in their reduction. Waste of waiting for spares got the last rank, which showed that there are little bit chances in the reduction of waiting for spares after the implementation of JIT philosophy in maintenance. Practical implications The implication of the research findings for maintenance of organizations is that if maintenance practitioners implement elements of JIT philosophy in maintenance then there will be a great reduction in the maintenance wastes. Originality/value This paper will be abundantly useful for the maintenance professionals, researchers and others concerned with maintenance to understand the significance of JIT philosophy implementation to get the expected reduction benefits in maintenance wastes of organizations which will be helpful in the great saving of maintenance cost and time side by side great increment in the availability of machines.

How Phillips saw the light

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Business World ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Freak Show ◽  
The World ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
The One ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Reviews the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoints practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings The problem with developing a reputation of being something of an oracle in the business world is that all of a sudden, everyone expects you to pull off the trick of interpreting the future on a daily basis. Like a freak show circus act or one-hit wonder pop singer, people expect you to perform when they see you, and they expect you to perform the thing that made you famous, even if it is the one thing in the world you don’t want to do. And when you fail to deliver on these heightened expectations, you are dismissed as a one trick pony, however good that trick is in the first place. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

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