Empathy impairs virtue: the influence of empathy and vulnerability on charitable giving

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuang Wei ◽  
Zhaoji Yu ◽  
Yongli Li
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Content Type

PurposeOnline charitable giving is prevalent, and how to attract individuals' attention to donate is essential for charities. Little is known about the interaction effect of empathy (donor) and vulnerability (receiver) on donate intention. To bridge this gap, this study aims to investigate whether the influence of empathy on charitable giving would be moderated by receivers' vulnerability, and if yes, what is the mechanism.Design/methodology/approachFive experiments were conducted in the context of charitable giving with 1,303 participants to test our hypotheses.FindingsWhen empathetic individuals confronted high vulnerable receivers, they were less likely to donate; otherwise, they were more likely to donate when they confronted low vulnerable receivers, and this interaction effect was mediated by concern about self.Originality/valueThe present research identifies a novel moderator of the effect of empathy on charitable giving and elucidates the underlying mechanism of concern about self. Based on these findings, the authors provide actionable implications for charities by demonstrating the interaction effect of empathy and vulnerability on donate intention.

To be or not to be equal: the impact of pride on brands associated with dissociative out-groups

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Lu ◽  
Zhanqing Wang ◽  
Defeng Yang ◽  
Nakaya Kakuda
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Brand Attitudes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Authentic Pride ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Brands are increasingly reflecting social values, and many brands have begun to embrace equality and inclusivity as a marketing strategy. Accordingly, consumers are increasingly being exposed to brands associated with different social groups. This paper aims to examine how consumers who have experienced pride respond to brands associated with dissociative out-groups. Design/methodology/approach Four studies were conducted. Study 1 tested the basic effect of how the experience of different facets of pride affects consumers’ brand attitudes toward a brand associated with a dissociative out-group. Studies 2 and 3 examined the underlying mechanism of consumers’ psychological endorsement of egalitarianism using both mediation and moderation approaches. Study 4 derived implications of our findings for marketers. Findings The results show that consumers respond differently to a brand associated with a dissociative out-group based on the facets of pride they experience. When consumers experience authentic (vs hubristic) pride, they exhibit a more favorable attitude toward the brand associated with the dissociative out-group. This is because authentic (vs hubristic) pride increases consumers’ psychological endorsement of egalitarianism, which enhances consumers’ brand attitudes toward the brand associated with the dissociative out-group. Practical implications The findings suggest that brand managers should think about ways to elicit consumers’ authentic pride to minimize the potential backlash from consumers when promoting equality and inclusivity in their brand communications, particularly when such communications contain cues of dissociative out-groups. Originality/value This paper contributes to the branding literature by identifying pride as an important determinant that can help brands overcome the negative impact of dissociative out-groups on consumers’ brand reactions, enriches the literature on pride by documenting a novel effect of the two facets of pride on consumer behavior and extends the literature of egalitarianism by demonstrating pride as a driver of consumers’ psychological endorsement of egalitarianism.

Exploring IKEA effect in self-expressive mass customization: underlying mechanism and boundary conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-374
Author(s):  
I-Ling Ling ◽  
Yi-Fen Liu ◽  
Chien-Wei (Wilson) Lin ◽  
Chih-Hui Shieh
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Mass Customization ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Aesthetic Preference ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Product Valuation

Purpose This study aims to understand the underlying mechanism and boundary conditions of the IKEA effect in self-expressive mass customization (MC). It examines the effect of the extent of choice in MC toolkits in terms of perceived value of self-designed products, as well as how self-expression mediates this effect and what kind of consumers are more inclined to experience such effect. Design/methodology/approach Two experiments were conducted, using online MC toolkits. In total, 393 consumers participated in the experiments. Data collected were analyzed using t-tests, analyses of variance, path analyses, bootstrap analyses and spotlight tests. Findings The results show that offering a greater extent of choice in MC toolkits to consumers provides a greater opportunity for self-expression, resulting in higher product valuation. Further, consumers who have high romanticism in aesthetic preference and high self-esteem are more inclined to influences associated with this effect. Originality/value This research adds to the literature on the IKEA effect in self-expressive MC by identifying a key antecedent (extent of choice), its underlying mechanism (self-expression), and two boundary conditions (aesthetic preference and self-esteem). The results of this study provide firms with a better understanding of how they can improve their self-expressive MC strategies.

Effects of ethical leadership and formal control systems on employee opportunistic behavior in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1350-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changsuk Ko ◽  
Mark H. Haney ◽  
Gukseong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Opportunistic Behavior ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Formal Control ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how ethical leadership and formal control systems influence employee opportunistic behavior.Design/methodology/approachUsing survey data collected from Chinese employees (N=430), the authors conducted regression analysis to test hypothesized relationships between ethical leadership and formal control systems and employee opportunistic behavior. Both direct effects and an interaction effect were tested.FindingsThe authors found that both ethical leadership and formal control systems individually play significant roles in reducing employee opportunistic behavior. In addition, the results indicate that ethical leadership and formal control systems function as complements to jointly constrain employee opportunistic behaviors.Originality/valueThis study contributes to an understanding of the relationship between supervisors and followers in China by demonstrating the effects of ethical leadership and formal control systems on employee opportunistic behaviors, including an interesting interaction effect.

How and when intragroup relationship conflict leads to knowledge hiding: the roles of envy and trait competitiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
He Peng ◽  
Chris Bell ◽  
Yiran Li
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trait Competitiveness ◽  
Knowledge Hiding

Purpose Although studies have demonstrated that knowledge hiding is an important inhibitor of organizational innovation, current research does not clearly address how intragroup relationship conflict influences knowledge hiding. This study aims to identify the underlying mechanism between intra-group relationship conflict and knowledge hiding. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on affective events theory (AET), the authors propose a theoretical model and empirically test it by applying hierarchical regression analysis and a bootstrapping approach to data from a multi-wave survey of 224 employees in China. Findings Consistent with AET, the empirical results show that envy mediates perceived intragroup relationship conflict and knowledge hiding. As predicted, trait competitiveness moderates the indirect effect of perceived intragroup relationship conflict on knowledge hiding via envy. Originality/value The results support an AET perspective whereby knowledge hiding is shaped by relationship conflict, envy and trait competitiveness. This study introduces the novel proposition that relationship conflict and competitiveness influence envy, and consequently knowledge hiding.

Trust in the subordinate and deference to supervisor in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingqing Liu ◽  
Junxi Shi
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mail Surveys ◽  
Unique Effect

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illuminate the mechanism which can explain and predict subordinates’ deferential behaviour in China. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using mail surveys. The study used two sources of data (supervisor and subordinate) obtained via two separate sets of surveys. In total, 600 questionnaires were distributed to subordinate–supervisor dyads employed in a variety of organizations, and 441 dyad-level questionnaires were collected. Findings The paper revealed that supervisors’ political mentoring (PM) moderated the strength of the mediated relationships between a supervisor’s trust in the subordinate and the subordinate’s deference to supervisor via supervisor–subordinate guanxi. Furthermore, the direct interaction effect of a supervisor’s trust and PM influenced the subordinate’s deference to supervisor only when the level of PM was low. Originality/value This study clarifies the mechanism by which supervisor’s specific behaviours affect subordinate’s deference to supervisor, and explores how supervisor–subordinate dyad creates a reciprocal relationship. The research indicates the unique effect of supervisor’s PM in Chinese organizations, and reinforces the importance of considering supervisor’s trust in the subordinate.

How and when team regulatory focus influences team innovation and member creativity

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ci-Rong Li ◽  
Chun-Xuan Li ◽  
Chen-Ju Lin
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Prevention Focus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Team Innovation ◽  
Indirect Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test how team regulatory focus may relate to individual creativity and team innovation; and address the fit/misfit issue of team regulatory focus and team bureaucracy. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected data from 377 members and their leaders within 56 R&D teams in two Taiwanese companies. Findings A team promotion focus was positively related, whereas a team prevention focus was negatively related, to both team innovation and member creativity through team perspective taking and employee information elaboration, respectively. Furthermore, team bureaucracy played a moderating role that suppressed the indirect relationship between team regulatory focus and creativity. Originality/value This is one of first studies to explore an underlying mechanism linking team regulatory focus and both team innovation and member creativity. The authors provide a more complete view of the creative and innovation implications of team-level self-regulation.

Flow as a mediator between psychological ownership and employees’ subjective happiness

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 445-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsueh-Liang Fan ◽  
Sheng-Tsung Hou ◽  
Yu-Hui Lin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Psychological Ownership ◽  
Subjective Happiness ◽  
Theoretical Rationale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore flow as an underlying mechanism linking psychological ownership (PO) and subjective happiness and identify how flow affects employees’ subjective happiness. Design/methodology/approach Two separate samples were used. Sample 1 examined the responses of 120 female spa workers. Sample 2 examined the responses of 334 male logistics technicians. Data were collected through paper-based questionnaires across two time points. Findings PO was positively related to employees’ subjective happiness across both samples. Furthermore, PO has distinct impacts on employees’ subjective happiness through two distinct measures of flow: immersion and mastery. The authors found that immersion fully mediates the relationship between PO and employee subjective happiness in Sample 1, and mastery in Sample 2. Originality/value This is one of the first empirical studies to examine whether and how PO increases employees’ subjective happiness. The results contribute to the literature by providing a theoretical rationale for and an empirical analysis of a model wherein flow mediates the linkage between employees’ feelings of PO and their subjective happiness.

Is methodology destiny? Religiosity and charitable giving

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1197-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Bivariate Probit ◽  
Charitable Organizations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Religious Giving ◽  
Religious People

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether people who engage in religious activities are more generous in terms of both religious and secular giving. Design/methodology/approach Bivariate probit (BVP) and bivariate tobit (BVT) analyses show that religious people have a greater propensity to give and higher levels of giving to both religious and secular charitable organizations. The bivariate systems permit a test of the correlation across the different giving decisions, and the correlation between religious and secular giving is found to be highly significant. Findings Religiosity positively influences both religious and secular donations. After controlling for this correlation, the impacts of religiosity on religious and secular giving are more efficient estimates but smaller than expected. Originality/value As a result of these methodological shortcomings, the causal relationship between religiosity and charitable giving is far from clear. To overcome those problems, this study uses BVP and BVT models to control for the potential correlation between religious giving and secular giving by the same individual and then draws appropriate interpretations. This study adds a firmer theoretical foundation to the existing literature.

Does charity affect economic bargaining? Exploring gender × social distance interactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Testa ◽  
Antonio D’Amato
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Economic Decisions

Purpose In recent years, it is increasingly common to find situations in which economic or financial decisions are combined with philanthropic or charity issues (for example, “pay what you can”, cause-related marketing initiatives and micro-insurance). How do people behave in these situations? This study aims to analyze whether charity impacts agents’ economic behavior and which factors (gender and social distance) influence these decisions. Design/methodology/approach Using a modified one-period ultimatum game that includes a charitable giving variable, the authors investigate agents’ behavior in economic decisions when philanthropic issues are considered, and they compare this behavior to purely economic negotiation without explicit philanthropic relevance. Using a sample of 352 undergraduate business students, the authors explore the interaction effect between gender and social distance on giving behavior. Findings The results of this study show that women offer more than men when philanthropic motivation is involved. However, the solicitation of a charitable sentiment is not an element that substantially shifts the offers beyond the value considered to be economically fair. Finally, women and men are both susceptible to self-image concerns. Research limitations/implications The results enable a more nuanced interpretation of gender differences in economic decisions when philanthropic or charity issues are involved. From a practical perspective, the findings could offer insights relevant to for-profit and non-profit organizations when they plan to provide products, services or investments with positive moral connotations or when they plan fundraising strategies. Originality/value Unlike existing laboratory studies, this study focuses on the effects that charity has on economic/financial decisions by exploring the interaction effect between the decision-maker’s gender and social distance on the outcome of the negotiation.

Committed to help: the effects of frequency of corporate donations on luxury brand evaluations

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-694
Author(s):  
Charmant Ndereyimana Sengabira ◽  
Felix Septianto ◽  
Gavin Northey
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Luxury Brands ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Luxury Brand ◽  
Brand Evaluations ◽  
Different Types

PurposeWhile luxury brands have increasingly pursued CSR activities such as corporate donations, this strategy may not be effective because there is an inherent mismatch between the concepts of “luxury” and CSR. The present research examines the effects of different types of donation strategies (frequency-focused vs. amount-focused).Design/methodology/approachTwo experimental studies were conducted. Study 1 provides initial evidence to our prediction that a frequency-focused strategy is beneficial for luxury (vs. non-luxury) brands to leverage their positive brand evaluations. Study 2 further replicates this using a different brand and establishes the underlying mechanism.FindingsFindings show that a frequency-focused strategy is beneficial for luxury (vs. non-luxury) brands to leverage their positive brand evaluations. This is because a frequency-focused strategy makes consumers perceive the luxury brand's commitment to help, which in turn reduces consumers’ skepticism toward their CSR activities.Originality/valueThe study illustrates a novel mechanism that shows when and how different corporate donations influence luxury brand evaluations.

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