scholarly journals Macedonia’s exports toward Southeast Europe through the gravity model

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mico Apostolov ◽  
Dushko Josheski
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Source Country ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Republic

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the export performance of the Republic of Macedonia to its main trading partners from Southeast Europe; hence, the authors focus on the major importing countries which are most present in the Macedonian trade balance. Design/methodology/approach The data used in this paper are analyzed with gravity model, which has good characteristics and very stable performance. Further, the data sample is formed on major importers form the Southeastern Europe region. Findings The results show that the domestic country GDP is positively correlated with the exports from the source country to target countries and that Balkan countries have positive propensities to import from Macedonia, however, it was found that populations of source country and target country are negatively correlated with exports from the source country to target countries. Additionally, the business cycles had no positive effect on Macedonian export to the target countries. Originality/value Based on pertinent theoretical concepts and existing empirical findings, and by applying up-to-date methodological approach, case studies might bring vital contribution to the literature, which eventually leads to solid policy and practice.

The impact of the global financial crisis on Moroccan exports: a gravity model approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-115
Author(s):  
Abdelmounaim Lahrech ◽  
Anass Faribi ◽  
Husam-Aldin N. Al-Malkawi ◽  
Kevin Sylwester
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the global financial crisis (GFC) on Morocco’s export performance employing a gravity model framework. Design/methodology/approach The authors investigate trade flows between Morocco and its 18 major trading partners from 2001 to 2015. The authors employ a trade gravity model using a first-order Taylor approximation of multilateral resistance terms and estimate by OLS and PPML. Findings Morocco’s export performance was affected by the GFC. The authors find evidence that the fall in aggregate demand from Morocco’s trading partners, particularly in Europe, led to a fall in its exports. The authors also find that Morocco’s exports are positively correlated with the market size of its partner but negatively associated with distance. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature in two distinct ways. First, it examines variables affecting export performance in one of the emerging markets in the Middle East and North Africa region. Second, it assesses empirically whether there is a relationship between the GFC and the decline in Moroccan exports. The study also provides a number of important implications for policy makers and academics.

Social capital and export performance within exporter-intermediary relationships

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Social Capital Theory ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dyadic Relationship ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper draw insights from social capital theory and examines the synergistic effect of several constructs on export performance within the context of exporter–intermediary relationships. Specifically, it assumes that social capital and the set of resources embedded therein strongly influence the extent to which both commitment and cooperation occur, and how these, in turn, impact on export performance. Design/methodology/approach Following a quantitative methodological approach, a survey is applied to a sample of small and medium-sized enterprise exporters, to empirically test the proposed conceptual model. Partial least squares structural equation modeling is used to test the empirical model. Findings The findings reveal that there is a positive and direct impact of social capital on export performance. Results also confirm that the presence of high social capital between exporters and intermediaries affects both high commitment and high cooperation. The study also confirms the mediation effect of cooperation in the relationship between social capital and export performance. Practical implications One possible shortfall of this research relates to the fact that this analysis only incorporates the view of one actor, the view of exporter firms. This limitation could open a rewarding direction for future research, which would be to analyze the view of both sides in a dyadic relationship. Originality/value This paper presents the original approach of looking at the relational antecedents of export performance.

scholarly journals Indonesian Export Efficiency : A Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model Approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 488-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Solikhah Noviyani ◽  
Widyastutik NA ◽  
Tony Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Merchandise Export ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Business Freedom ◽  
Model Approach

Export performance is an important aspect to encourage economic growth and economic prosperity. Export performance can be analysed using export efficiency variable. Export efficiency can be defined as ratio of the actual to potential exports. Knowing the export efficiency and factors affecting it could help policy maker to minimize and mitigate the affects of existing restrictive measures of trade. This study was conducted to analys the efficiency of Indonesia's merchandise exports and the affecting factors using stochastic frontier gravity model. Result of this study shown that Indonesian merchandise export flows with 62 trading partners is significantly positively affected by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and population, then significantly negatively affected by bilateral distance. The study also found that the average export efficiency of Indonesia to 62 trading partner countries up to 51.35 percent in 2012 and 49.69 percent in 2016. The highest value of export efficiency was in Singapore and the lowest was in Portugal. Result of technical inefficiency model reveals that export inefficiency increased by business freedom, investment freedom, and landlocked dummy, and then export inefficiency decreased by labor freedom, financial freedom, contig dummy and FTA dummy.

Trade integration, product diversification and the gravity equation: evidence from the Chinese merchandise imports

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Karkanis ◽  
Myrsini Fotopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trading Partners

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify trade integration and structure effects on bilateral trade between China and its partners, focusing on Chinese merchandise imports during the period 1995–2018. Design/methodology/approach The methodological approach applied here uses the augmented gravity model to investigate the factors lying behind import intensity, by use of the ordinary least squares (OLS) and Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (PPML) estimators. Findings The findings provide evidence of complementarity between the Chinese demand and the world commodity markets. Free trade agreements between China and third countries seem to gradually lose significance, as the Chinese economy consolidates in world trade. Higher product diversification in export structures of China’s trading partners can become advantageous for facilitating market penetration. Diversification of energy resources, the steady, high demand for infrastructure equipment and more sophisticated consumer products constantly determine the structure of Chinese merchandise imports originating mainly and increasingly from countries with direct access to the Pacific Ocean. Originality/value The analytical breakdown of Chinese imports, presented in this paper, adds value to the existing literature with regard to trade structure analysis for China, paving the way for similar research for other developing countries as well.

A criminologically informed examination of looting behaviour during natural disaster incidents

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Gaherity ◽  
Philip Birch
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine looting behaviour during natural disaster incidents. As a consequence, this study considers looting in the context of two case studies: a Tsunami and a Bushfire. The study offers an exploration into the types of and motivations for looting, as well as reflecting on prevention measures. Design/methodology/approach The methodological approach of a rapid evidence assessment (REA) is used to examine looting behaviour within the context of two natural disaster incidents, drawing on a thematic analysis, as outlined by Braun and Clarke (2006) to support the presentation of findings. Findings The findings of the REA yield three themes. The first theme, Theme 1, focuses on the types of offenders – looters, while Theme 2 focuses on the motivations for offending behaviour – looting. The final theme, Theme 3, presents crime prevention responses: looters and looting. Each theme is further illustrated through a number of sub-themes, and while the two case studies centre on two distinct natural disaster incidents, there are similarities that exist between them offering insights for why looting occurs and consequently how to respond to looting. Research limitations/implications Previous research has recognised how incidents such as bushfires enable and create opportunity for looting behaviour. Yet, arguably, little has been achieved in successfully preventing such behaviour. This study offers evidence for why looting occurs during natural disaster incidents and considers the prevention measures that can lead to a reduction in this offending into the future. The need for more detailed and primary research into looting during natural disaster incidents is a research implication engendered by the current study. Practical implications This study considers crime prevention approaches in the form of situational crime prevention and social development crime prevention that have direct relevance on crime prevention policy and practice. The practical implications are worthy of attention from law enforcement agencies and other first/emergency responders. Social implications This study seeks to offer evidence for policy and practice initiatives that can increase public safety and reduce further threats to community safety during natural disaster incidents. Originality/value After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, a concerted effort for swifter and more effective responses to emergency management incidents has occurred. However, the focus of such responses has typically overlooked looting during natural disaster incidents. This study goes some way in addressing that gap in the literature and connects the current scientific knowledge to prevention strategies, informing future policy and practice responses to addressing looting during such incidents. This study provides a stimuli for further research into looters, looting and natural disaster incidents.

Key drivers of SMEs export performance: the mediating effect of competitive advantage

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Rua ◽  
Alexandra França ◽  
Rubén Fernández Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Small Firm ◽  
Competitive Strategy ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Leadership Strategies ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Content Type

Purpose With its focus on the context of small firm internationalization, this paper aims to assess the important contribution of strategic determinants that influence export performance (EP), considering the mediating effect of competitive strategy. Design/methodology/approach Based on survey data from 247 Portuguese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) exporting textiles, members of the Portugal’s Textile Association (ATP), this research adopted a quantitative methodological approach, conducting an exploratory and transversal empirical study. Findings The paper finds suggest that entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has a positive and significant influence on differentiation and EP. Moreover, the results also highlight the role of intangible resources (IR) in the design of both differentiation and cost leadership strategies, which drives EP. Finally, absorptive capabilities (ACAPs) are highly related with EP. Practical implications The paper provides empirical evidence that EO, IR and ACAPs are predictors of competitive strategies and EP. Moreover, and alongside with firm’s resources, this study validates that competitive strategy does matters for small firm managers and the development of one type of competitive advantage is also a major performance enhancer. Originality/value This study provides fresh insights into entrepreneurship and strategic management literature, as it considers the importance of multiple factors to SMEs business growth. Moreover, this paper presents empirical evidences of the strategies that small firm managers should pursue and policy makers should support. Finally, this is an original study applied to the Portuguese textile industry.

Bilateral FDI flows in four major Asian economies: a gravity model analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikash Ranjan Mishra ◽  
Pabitra Kumar Jena
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Source Country ◽  
Policy Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Asian Economies ◽  
Country Specific

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows from some leading developed countries (the USA, Japan, Germany, the Netherlands, the UK and France) into major four Asian economies (China, Korea, India and Singapore).Design/methodology/approachUsing one basic and four augmented versions of gravity model technique, the authors tried to examine the determinants of bilateral FDI flows in four major Asian economies. The study used World Development Indicators, CEPII, KOF and Heritage Foundation data for period 2001–2012.FindingsThe results revealed that besides the market size for host and source country, other criteria such as distance, common language and common border also influence foreign investors. Other macroeconomic factors such as inflation rate and real interest rate are among the key factors that attract more FDI. In addition to economic factors, institutional and infrastructural factors such as telecommunication, degree of openness, index of globalisation and index of economic freedom also stimulate the international investors from the developed world to the major Asian countries.Research limitations/implicationsIt is altogether possible that only a set of home country specific characteristics or host country specific characteristics does not matter when determining FDI. Most empirical studies using indices such as the index of globalisation and economic freedom are subject to certain methodological limitations such as model selection, parameter heterogeneity, outliers and moral hazard.Practical implicationsMore distance between the host and source country would result in less FDI flows due to more managerial and raw material supply chain cost. Similarly, more gross domestic product (GDP) and per capita income (PCI) are leading to more FDI flows into Asian economics. Therefore, major Asian economies should frame their economic policies in such a manner where these counties can strengthen their GDP as well as PCI. Furthermore, above countries should open its economy more and more for better FDI flows as it seems that economic globalisation and economic freedom are major determinants of bilateral FDI flows. The negative impact of inflation and interest rate should be controlled.Social implicationsFrom policy perspective, higher scores of economic, social and political globalisation also attract high FDI to the host country. On the same line higher scores in economic freedom mean that less restrictions in terms of economic policies and the policy environment are conducive for free trade and resource transfers. Higher scores in trade freedom, investment freedom and freedom from corruptions also show more developed and conducive policy environment. In the same reasoning higher scores in the composite index of economic freedom which takes information from trade freedom, investment freedom and freedom from corruption and others also encourage flow of FDI in to the host country.Originality/valueThis is the first paper which combines the globalisation index, economic freedom index and distance along with some major macroeconomic variables.

scholarly journals Determinants of Vietnam's rice and coffee exports: using stochastic frontier gravity model

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao Dinh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Major Market ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe paper aims to estimate the factors affecting Vietnam's export in rice and coffee, the two most important agricultural products, especially in exploring the role of “behind-the-border” constraints.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies the stochastic frontier gravity model, which models the aggregate effect of “behind-the-border” factors for Vietnam's export in rice and coffee.FindingsThe paper finds that the impact of “behind-the-border” constraints is statistically significant, suggesting that Vietnam's exports in rice and coffee may be prevented from reaching their export potential by such factors. Moreover, technical efficiency and potential export suggest that Vietnam has a lot of potential to increase its exports in rice and coffee with its major trading partners. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations group continues to be the major market of Vietnamese rice and coffee. Vietnam can also take advantage of the opportunity to export these commodities to the European Union (EU) (not including the UK), and Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, especially in coffee to the EU.Research limitations/implicationsThe study cannot identify specific “behind-the-border” factors due to the limitation of data availability.Originality/valueMany existing studies suggest that export in agricultural products of Vietnam, especially in rice, is significantly affected by natural factors and “explicit beyond-the-border” constraints. They ignore the impact of “behind-the-border” constraints in Vietnam and its trading partners. My study proved the significant impact of such constraints. Therefore, Vietnam needs more policies to remove the “behind-the-border” constraints to promote export in rice and coffee.

scholarly journals Tracing Causal Mechanisms in Social Movement Research in Southeast Europe: The Cases of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia – Evidence from the “Bosnian Spring” and the “Citizens for Macedonia” Movements

SEEU Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-51
Author(s):  
Ivan Stefanovski
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Social Movement Organizations ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Process Factors

AbstractRecent anti-governmental social movements in countries of former Yugoslavia have awakened the spirit of contention which had been dormant for almost two decades. The overwhelming economic deprivation, accompanied by the massive violation of basic human rights of the citizens, urged the challengers to take the streets.This paper is focused on comparison of two movements, the “Citizens for Macedonia” movement in the Republic of Macedonia and the “Bosnian Spring” in Bosnia and Herzegovina, highlighting the role and influence of movements on the (non)occurrence of policy outputs which articulated claims put forward by social movement organizations (SMOs) as well as other movement actors in the two respective countries. The analysis will be conducted taking into consideration specific social movement related variables like forms/types of claims-making and repertoires of action, as well as wider political process factors such as repression by state actors, and the attitude of allies and opponents of the movements (political parties, mainstream media, general political system characteristics, international community etc.).Regarding the methodological approach, we will apply a mixed comparative research design, with variation both on side of the independent and the dependent variables. Since the outcomes of the movements are already tangible, we will also apply elements of process tracing methodology (PTM), reconstructing the events as much as possible. My primary data collection tools encompass in-depth interviews (approximately 10 per country) with four specific categories of interviewees (SMO representatives, activists, policymakers and key informants) as well as thorough document analysis referring to the policy outputs.

Organic food consumer profile in the Republic of Serbia

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Grubor ◽  
Nenad Djokic
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Purpose – Having the discrepancies between different descriptions of an organic food consumer profile in various researches worldwide as well as the causes of their emergence as a starting point, the purpose of this paper is to apply the method of preference-based market segmentation (by means of conjoint and cluster analysis) to Serbian organic food market, searching for advantages of using that methodological approach and deepening knowledge about specific organic food market. Design/methodology/approach – The research was conducted from May to July 2014 with 400 respondents participating (aged 18-30). Primary data were gathered by means of focus groups and a survey – structured personal interviews by using a questionnaire. Findings – When applying conjoint and cluster analysis to data about Serbian consumers’ preferences towards researched product, it is possible to identify a segment that prefers organic food the most. Compared to other segments, these consumers are predominantly female, somewhat more mature, with the highest proportion of employed and near the top by the percentage of respondents who are married and have children. They strongly value the importance of diet for health, a number of them have experience with a disease of a close person, which is believed that could be prevented by proper diet, but they do the least sports. Practical implications – The authors give managerial recommendations to actors operating at domestic organic food market. Originality/value – According to the authors’ knowledge, the first application of preference-based market segmentation by conjoint and cluster analysis to organic food market, performed in Serbia, generally characterised by scarce food consumer research.

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