An application of input-output analysis to social enterprises: a case of the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Tausl Prochazkova ◽  
Marta Noskova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the issue of performance measurement of social enterprises with main particular focus on economic performance approach reflecting local aspect, since the local aspect plays a significant role in social entrepreneurship concept. Thus, comparison of two instruments that consider local aspects: local multiplier 3 (LM3) and Input-Output analysis is examined. Input-Output analysis is empirically used to calculate social enterprises’ impact on the Czech economy and to confirm the assumption to be more suitable instrument for economic performance measurement of social enterprises in comparison to local multiplier 3 method. Design/methodology/approach The research adopted two-phase approach. At first a qualitative approach was used to compare the two selected instruments (LM3 and Input-Output analysis). Consequently, a quantitative research was applied to determine the impact of social enterprises’ activities on the economies of individual regions. The research was carried out on a sample of social enterprises (143 subjects) in the Czech Republic covering the year 2015. For this approach, Symmetric Input-Output tables and multipliers were calculated and revenue data from each observed social enterprise were used. Findings The findings of the research indicate effects of social enterprises’ activities on the economy in individual regions of the Czech Republic. The results clearly show that the impact of social enterprises on the Czech economy is not negligible. Calculated impacts differ in sectors as well as in regions. Besides, of these findings, the assumption that the Input-Output analysis is more appropriate instrument for economic performance measurement of social enterprises, especially in situation of a larger sample of social enterprises in different regions, in comparison to LM3 method, was confirmed. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this study is the dependence on the Symmetric Input-Output tables, which are usually published by local statistical offices and it takes some time to construct them. A more significant limitation and future research direction relates to the lack of generally accepted measurement framework in the sector of social enterprises and lack of the data, especially quantitative, in the Czech Republic. Practical implications The findings of the research represent a significant contribution to the process chain of understanding the role of social enterprises in (local) economy. The lack of proven impact of social enterprises to economy is considered as important limit of this sector development, not only from the perspective of investors and donors but also from the perspective of policymakers and even social enterprises themselves. The Input-Output analysis can be applied for any region of any country and can contribute to reduce scepticism about economic performance of social enterprises, thus to support putting social and environmental goals of social enterprises into practice. Social implications This research has been carried out on the so far largest identified sample of social enterprises in the Czech Republic and provides data for discourse among stakeholders about social enterprises’ impact; thus, it enables to understand their impact and make capable to enlarge their support network and development. Originality/value This research is a pioneering attempt to provide data about economic impact of social enterprises using Input-Output analysis in the Czech Republic. No previous research identifies such a large sample of Czech social enterprises and collects quantitative data about them, as well as considers Input-Output analysis as an option instead of LM3 method. The effort of this research has been to react on a research gap in studies related to the impact of social enterprises (reflecting local aspect). This paper could be understood as beneficial not only from the perspective of the Czech Republic but also worldwide.

scholarly journals The Impact of Polish-German Trade Flows on CO2 Emissions

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-164
Author(s):  
Jan T. Mizgajski
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
German Trade ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study analyses the embodied carbon in the trade flows between Poland and Germany. The calculations are based on data from Eurostat and OECD for 2008. The study uses input-output analysis, which allows the assignment of responsibility to individual flows for generating specific amounts of emissions in the economy. It demonstrates that Polish exports to Germany contain significantly more embodied carbon than do imports from Germany, despite the fact that the value of imports is higher. Moreover, it is found that Polish-German trade flows were responsible for more CO2 emissions that Lithuania and Latvia emitted together in 2008.

scholarly journals Environmental impacts of European trade: interpreting results of process-based LCA and environmentally extended input–output analysis towards hotspot identification

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2432-2450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Beylot ◽  
Sara Corrado ◽  
Serenella Sala
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
European Trade ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modelling Approaches

Abstract Purpose Trade is increasingly considered a significant contributor to environmental impacts. The assessment of the impacts of trade is usually performed via environmentally extended input–output analysis (EEIOA). However, process-based life cycle assessment (LCA) applied to traded goods allows increasing the granularity of the analysis and may be essential to unveil specific impacts due to traded products. Methods This study assesses the environmental impacts of the European trade, considering two modelling approaches: respectively EEIOA, using EXIOBASE 3 as supporting database, and process-based LCA. The interpretation of the results is pivotal to improve the robustness of the assessment and the identification of hotspots. The hotspot identification focuses on temporal trends and on the contribution of products and substances to the overall impacts. The inventories of elementary flows associated with EU trade, for the period 2000–2010, have been characterized considering 14 impact categories according to the Environmental Footprint (EF2017) Life Cycle Impact Assessment method. Results and discussion The two modelling approaches converge in highlighting that in the period 2000–2010: (i) EU was a net importer of environmental impacts; (ii) impacts of EU trade and EU trade balance (impacts of imports minus impacts of exports) were increasing over time, regarding most impact categories under study; and (iii) similar manufactured products were the main contributors to the impacts of exports from EU, regarding most impact categories. However, some results are discrepant: (i) larger impacts are obtained from IO analysis than from process-based LCA, regarding most impact categories, (ii) a different set of most contributing products is identified by the two approaches in the case of imports, and (iii) large differences in the contributions of substances are observed regarding resource use, toxicity, and ecotoxicity indicators. Conclusions The interpretation step is crucial to unveil the main hotspots, encompassing a comparison of the differences between the two methodologies, the assumptions, the data coverage and sources, the completeness of inventory as basis for impact assessment. The main driver for the observed divergences is identified to be the differences in the impact intensities of goods, both induced by inherent properties of the IO and life cycle inventory databases and by some of this study’s modelling choices. The combination of IO analysis and process-based LCA in a hybrid framework, as performed in other studies but generally not at the macro-scale of the full trade of a country or region, appears a potential important perspective to refine such an assessment in the future.

An input–output analysis of the impact of mining on the South African economy

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Stilwell ◽  
R.C.A. Minnitt ◽  
T.D. Monson ◽  
G. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Input Output ◽  
The South ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Of Mining

Financing social entrepreneurship

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin I-Ping Castellas ◽  
Jarrod Ormiston ◽  
Suzanne Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to explore the emergence and nature of impact investment in Australia and how it is shaping the development of the social enterprise sector. Design/methodology/approach Impact investment is an emerging approach to financing social enterprises that aims to achieve blended value by delivering both impact and financial returns. In seeking to deliver blended value, impact investment combines potentially conflicted logics from investment, philanthropy and government spending. This paper utilizes institutional theory as a lens to understand the nature of these competing logics in impact investment. The paper adopts a sequential exploratory mixed methods approach to study the emergence of impact investment in Australia. The mixed methods include 18 qualitative interviews with impact investors in the Australian market and a subsequent online questionnaire on characteristics of impact investment products, activity and performance. Findings The findings provide empirical evidence of the rapid growth in impact investment in Australia. The analysis reveals the nature of institutional complexity in impact investment and highlights the risk that the impact logic may become overshadowed by the investment logic if the difference in rigor around financial performance measurement and impact performance measurement is maintained. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for the development of the Australian social enterprise sector. Originality/value This paper provides empirical evidence on the emergence of impact investment in Australia and contributes to a growing global body of evidence about the nature, size and characteristics of impact investment.

An innovative approach to measuring technology spillovers in service-dominant logic

Kybernetes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Hao Hsieh ◽  
Soe-Tsyr Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Technology Spillovers ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Customer Involvement ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Target Values

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a service-dominant (S-D) logic-based input-output analysis approach to systematically measure the effects of technology spillover in the service sector. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a case to demonstrate the feasibility and contributions of the S-D logic-based input-output analysis approach. Findings – This study adopted the idea of customer involvement to formulate the S-D logic-based input-output analysis approach. Service providers can apply this systematical approach to find potential opportunities to spread information technology and co-create values with customers. Originality/value – The S-D logic-based input-output analysis approach has elasticity to dynamically employ different perspectives to evaluate the effects of technology spillovers in order for integrity and precision. The proposed approach is to delineate the possible target values that related to specific services based on the notions of operant resources and customer involvement in a selected service sector. Service providers within the service sector have to offer innovative service activities and manage existing services for customers to participate in.

The impact of clean energy investments on the Greek economy: An input–output analysis (2010–2020)

Energy Policy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 263-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Markaki ◽  
A. Belegri-Roboli ◽  
P. Michaelides ◽  
S. Mirasgedis ◽  
D.P. Lalas
Keyword(s):  
Clean Energy ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Greek Economy ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Identifying the Sustainable Industry by Input–Output Analysis Combined with CO2 Emissions: A Time Series Study from 2005 to 2015 in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6043
Author(s):  
Junhwan Moon ◽  
Eungyeong Yun ◽  
Jaebeom Lee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Korean Economy ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linkage Effects

Preventing global warming caused by increased CO2 emissions is a major global problem. It is necessary to find and cultivate an efficient industry with a small amount of CO2 emissions and a great impact on the national economy. This article used input–output analysis to quantify the linkage effects on the Korean economy by dividing the Korean industries into 36 categories, according to the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) industrial classification criteria. In addition, the total amount of carbon dioxide emitted during the year was described by its criteria to compare how much of one industry emits carbon dioxide. The analysis shows that Korea still has an economic structure centered on traditional manufacturing and the characteristics of these industries include CO2 emissions. According to the result, in the construction industry, the carbon dioxide emissions are considerably high, but the linkage effects of the industry is small. By quantitatively analyzing the impact of an industry on the economy and carbon dioxide emissions generated in the production process, this study aimed to identify Korea’s eco-friendly and highly related industries with other industries and objectively present sustainable development.

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