Regulatory burden and business dynamics: a preliminary analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Clark ◽  
Todd Nesbit
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Regulatory Capture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Business Dynamics ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Stigler (1971) first presented a theory of regulation in which the regulator eventually serves the interests of the regulated rather than in the interest of the public good. In such an institutional environment, one should expect to observe outcomes associated with reduced competitive pressures on existing firms. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors use RegData, which quantifies regulatory restrictions by industry, to determine whether and to what degree regulation reduces establishment entry and the associated job creation and how regulation impacts existing establishment exit and job creation and destruction. Findings The results, while not definitive, are supportive of Stigler’s theory of regulatory capture. Originality/value This paper adds to the small but growing empirical literature examining the effects of cronyism more broadly. Prior studies of regulation have generally been either narrowly focused on a specific regulation or employ less precise measures of the extent of regulation. By employing RegData as a measure of regulatory restrictions by industry, this paper offers new insights on the impact of regulation on business dynamics.

Unseen: the sexual harassment of low-income women in America

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Louise Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Scholarly Inquiry ◽  
Current Movement

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the harassment of vulnerable women whose lives and experiences remain largely unseen in the era of #MeToo. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws from the sparse empirical literature as well as the more informal accounts provided by social justice organizations, investigative journalists and legal commentary about four spheres that have largely remained invisible: women in low-income housing, agricultural workers, janitorial workers and restaurant workers. It also reviews the surprising success stories that some of these groups have achieved and invite us to ponder what we can learn from them. Findings Farm workers, sub-minimum wage restaurant workers, single mothers and janitorial workers are several groups that were not highlighted by the current movement. Social implications Highlighting the experiences of those who remain largely hidden in and from academic discourse and, more largely, the public eye enlarges the scope of knowledge and encourages further scholarly inquiry. Originality/value Combining the perspectives of scholar and social justice activist illuminates the depth and breadth of largely invisible classes of harassment victims and the potentially novel remedies they have initiated.

scholarly journals An analysis of maṣlaḥah based resolutions issued by Bank Negara Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suheyib Eldersevi ◽  
Razali Haron
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to examine the resolutions issued by the Sharīʿah Advisory Council of Bank Negara Malaysia (SAC-BNM), which have recognized maṣlaḥah (public interest) as the basis of ruling to see the extent of its usefulness to the public and the extent of its adherence to the maṣlaḥah parameters. The study will also look into the opposing opinion to identify the basis of rejection and overall implication on Islamic finance based on opposing opinions of SAC-BNM and other bodies of collective ijtihād (juristic interpretation). Design/methodology/approach The study uses a qualitative approach by analyzing the SAC-BNM resolutions, which have been resolved based on maṣlaḥah. The study also applies the comparative approach by comparing the fatwa (Sharīʿah pronouncement) issuing bodies of Malaysia and the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Furthermore, the secondary data is obtained from sources such as uṣūl al-fiqh (theory of Islamic jurisprudence) books, papers and relevant internet sources. Findings The study found that SAC-BNM’s resolutions are in line with some of the major maṣlaḥah parameters mentioned in the uṣūl al-fiqh sources i.e. must not contradict with the Qurʾān and the Sunnah. While looking at the other two criteria of being in line with ijmāʿ (consensus) and having a general impact, such resolutions might not fulfill the criteria of valid maṣlaḥah considering, respectively, the stand of collective ijtihād or the impact on the group of customers and institutions. Originality/value Most available shari’ah (Islamic law) research considers the perspective of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) while analyzing the issue of maṣlaḥah. This study aims to conduct analysis based on uṣūl al-fiqh. Moreover, maṣlaḥah itself is a broad concept, which can be abused. Hence, this study discusses the parameters of maṣlaḥah to understand the validity of an important juristic tool in Sharīʿah.

The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on tourists’ personal prestige – an experimental study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedericke Kuhn ◽  
Florian Kock ◽  
Martin Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Conspicuous Consumption ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Leisure Travel ◽  
News Reporting ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has drastically affected the public discourse on tourism in news reporting and on social media, potentially changing social perceptions of travel and its utility for conspicuous consumption. Prestige enhancement is a common tourist motivation, yet, as tourists have been portrayed as irresponsible and even dangerous during the pandemic, the benefits of travel for personal prestige may have been affected. The purpose of this study is to monitor changes in tourists’ personal prestige during the early pandemic in 2020. Design/methodology/approach The authors developed an innovative study design implicitly measuring the personal prestige of tourists shown on experimentally manipulated social media posts. Three measurement waves were issued to compare the personal prestige of tourists just before, during and after the first lockdown situation in Germany. Findings Differences regarding evaluations of tourists’ prestige were found for prestige dimensions of hedonism, achievements, wealth and power, suggesting that prestige ascription to tourists has been affected by the changing discourse on leisure travel. Originality/value This study contributes to the discussion of the socio-psychological effects of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on customer benefits of leisure travel. It exposes possible impacts of the pandemic on tourisms’ value for conspicuous consumption and prestige enhancement.

On the drivers of BNDES credit to Brazilian state governments

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-302
Author(s):  
Paulo Rogério Faustino Matos ◽  
Jaime de Jesus Filho
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to address the discussion on the credit disbursement of US$28.6bn from Brazilian National Economic and Social Development Bank (BNDES) to Brazilian state governments during the period from 2009 to 2014. They try to identify the main drivers of the credit allocation in both cross state and time. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a dynamic balanced panel to estimate the role of technical and socioeconomic variables. Findings The results suggest that the states’ need for financing via BNDES exhibits neither inertial nor explosive behavior. The authors find an efficiency elasticity of this resource of 0.20. In addition, the impact of a positive change in the state fiscal status leads to an increase of 2.5 per cent in the indebtedness capacity. Finally, they find that wealthier states are more successful in demanding credit from BNDES. Practical implications This analysis of resource allocation is useful for modeling the determinants of international financial institutions as central planners. The authors also invite researchers to discuss the decision-making processes that characterize the federative pact in Brazil. Originality/value Although a burgeoning body of literature has examined the role of BNDES as a creditor institution for firms, its relationship with the public sector, in special subnational governments, has been rarely studied.

A transaction costs-based model to choose PPP procurement procedures

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunzia Carbonara ◽  
Nicola Costantino ◽  
Roberta Pellegrino
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Procurement Procedure ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a decision model for choosing the tendering procedure in PPP that minimizes the transaction costs borne by the public sector. Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual model that relates the procurement procedures described in the EU legal framework to launch PPPs and the transaction costs, considering the level of information managed by each procurement procedure has been developed. The authors use this conceptual model to develop propositions about the impact that specific project- and country-related factors have on the choice of the procurement procedure that minimizes the transaction costs. Findings – The application of the proposed model to the case of the Italian highway “Cispadana” shows its usefulness in orienting the public authority’s choice between the different tendering procedures, taking into account project- and country-related factors. Research limitations/implications – The present study fills the gap existing in the literature on transaction costs of PPP projects and the procurement procedure used to launch those projects by developing a model that relates the level of transaction costs with a set of key factors, namely the level of information managed during the tendering process, the number of bidders, the project size, the project complexity, and the institutional environment. Practical implications – As for practitioners, the main contribution of this study lies in offering a tool for supporting the public authority in the decision-making process about the tendering procedures in PPPs without imposing the selection of a specific procedure. Originality/value – The approach developed provides a new tool to support the contracting authority in the design and choice of the tendering procedures in PPP.

Entrepreneurial environment, market-oriented strategy, and entrepreneurial performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 546-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialu Sun ◽  
Meifang Yao ◽  
Weiyong Zhang ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Environment ◽  
Entrepreneurial Performance ◽  
International Firms ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the correlations among entrepreneurial environment, market-oriented strategies, and entrepreneurial performance. Design/methodology/approach – Entrepreneurial environment is measured by institutional environment and industrial environment. A survey of 176 large Chinese automobile firms is conducted. The structural equation model is applied to perform analysis. Findings – The uncertainty of the institutional environment is positively related with market-oriented strategies and market-oriented strategies are positively related with firms’ performance. The stronger the uncertainty of the industrial environment is, the larger impact that market-oriented strategies have on firms’ performance will be. There is no distinct positive relationship between the uncertainty of industrial environment and firms’ market-oriented strategies. The hypothesis, that the stronger the uncertainty of institutional environments is, the larger the impact that market-oriented strategies will be on firms’ performance, is not supported. Research limitations/implications – In terms of research design, this paper does not select survey samples randomly. This paper only takes institutional and industrial environments into consideration while the environmental characteristics are omitted. Originality/value – This paper expands entrepreneurship research by integrating previous studies. Findings in this paper are helpful for firms in emerging countries to implement “going abroad strategies,” to start up new businesses in other countries, and to achieve the goals of improving competitiveness and integrating with international firms.

An evaluation of the impact of risk cost on risk allocation in public private partnership projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1696-1711
Author(s):  
Khalid Almarri ◽  
Saleh Alzahrani ◽  
Halim Boussabaine
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Risk Allocation ◽  
Risk Matrix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Unique Aspect ◽  
Risk Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose A unique aspect of PPP is the opportunity for the transfer of risk ownership to the private sector. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how risk cost influences risk allocation. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey was used to collect data. The questionnaire included nine sub-categories of risks. To quantify the influence of risk cost on risk allocation, a dependency risk matrix was employed. Heat maps techniques were used to visualise the results of the survey. Findings The findings show which risks within the endogenous or exogenous groups are to be allocated to the public sector, the private sector, or to be shared. The finding from this research provides a baseline for the PPP stakeholders in developing guidelines for estimating the value of risk costs in the risks register as well as serving as a mechanism for risk allocation. Research limitations/implications The context of the study may limit the generalisability of the results. Practical implications The study provides practical guidance to PPP stakeholders on risk allocation appetite. Originality/value This study extends the processes and methods by which PPP project’s risk is allocated to create a better value for all the stakeholders.

scholarly journals Democracy in flux: a systemic view on the impact of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy J. Parry ◽  
Hans Asenbaum ◽  
Selen A. Ercan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Democratic Spaces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Systemic View

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how a systemic view of democracy can provide insights into the myriad ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic affects democracies worldwide. This enables the authors to offer practical suggestions for strengthening democracy through meaningful participation in the spaces where deficits are most apparent. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the systems approach that has emerged from the deliberative and participatory democracy literature in recent years to map out the impacts of COVID-19. In this paper, the authors set out this approach as an agenda for future, more comprehensive research. Findings The authors’ preliminary overview suggests that democratic spaces are reconfigured during COVID-19, with participatory spaces shrinking, overlapping and invading each other. Based on the systemic overview, the authors suggest participatory interventions to address particular points of weakness such as accountability. Originality/value Taking a systemic approach to analysing COVID-19’s impacts on democracy enables the authors to understand the pressure points where democratic values and participation are under strain and where citizens’ participation is essential not only for strengthening democracy but also addressing the public health challenge of COVID-19.

Acquisitions and the shareholder base

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (10/11) ◽  
pp. 1416-1432
Author(s):  
Nicholas Wonder ◽  
Claire Lending
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Instrumental Variables Approach ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of acquisitions on the number of shareholders of the acquirer (the shareholder base) and relate that effect to the method of payment and the ratio between the target’s and acquirer’s shareholder bases prior to the acquisition. Design/methodology/approach Using 348 acquisitions from 1993 to 2013 for which both parties are public, American firms, the paper measures changes in the acquirer’s shareholder base from before announcement through to four years after completion. OLS regressions, together with an instrumental variables approach addressing the endogeneity of acquisition payment, indicate the determinants of those changes. Findings Acquisitions completed partly or entirely in stock lead to large increases in the shareholder base, and the increases mostly endure over the four-year window examined in the study. Regression results indicate that the target to acquirer shareholder ratio has a much greater impact on the acquirer’s base for stock acquisitions than for cash acquisitions. The ratio is also associated with changes in beta. Practical implications Because existing theoretical and empirical literature shows that the shareholder base impacts the risk, liquidity, and market value of stock, managers evaluating potential targets and modes of payment may wish to consider the likely impact on their firms’ shareholder bases, as may investors contemplating the effects of an acquisition announcement. Originality/value This is the first work documenting both a short- and long-term impact of acquisitions on the shareholder base and the first to investigate the determinants of the change in the base.

The economic impact of the Comrades Marathon

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melville Saayman ◽  
Andrea Saayman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Social Accounting Matrix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
The World ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe Comrades Marathon is a world‐renowned ultra marathon that takes place yearly between the cities of Pietermaritzburg and Durban in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. It attracts athletes from around the world, and boasts a participation of more than 14,000. The purpose of this article is to determine the impact that this marathon has on the provincial economy – a manufacturing‐based economy.Design/methodology/approachSpending data of participants and their accompanying spectators were compiled by means of surveys and participants were split into categories based on their origin. The provincial Social Accounting Matrix is used to quantify the impact of this spending stimulus on production, income and job creation within the province.FindingsThe results show that Comrades Marathon contributes significantly to the provincial economy and that more than 600 jobs are dependent on the event.Research limitations/implicationsIt has a larger impact on the local economy than many similar sport events and this is attributed to the specialised nature of the event as well as its status as an ultra‐marathon.Originality/valueThis research is one of few on ultra‐marathons and the focus is on participants’ spending behaviour during the event.

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