The compatibility of multiple leadership styles in responding to a complex crisis: leading a health service COVID-19 response

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Smithson
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Health System ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
System Response ◽  
Relational Leadership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Control

PurposeThe health service response to COVID-19 provided a unique opportunity to build our understanding of the leadership styles in use in managing a crisis event. Existing literature emphasises command and control leadership; however, there has been less emphasis on relational approaches and the behaviours necessary to ensure the agility of the response and minimise the risk of relational disturbances. The purpose of this paper is to understand leadership styles in use, as part of a health service response to COVID-19.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on data from semi-structured interviews with 27 executives and senior leaders from a tertiary health service in Australia. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Notes and examples were coded according to deductively derived criteria around leadership styles and competencies from the literature, while remaining open to emergent themes.FindingsHealth system leaders described examples of both command and control and relational leadership behaviours. This dually provided the discipline (command and control) and agility (relational) required of the crisis response. While some leaders experienced discomfort in enacting these dual behaviours, this discomfort related to discordance with leadership preferences rather than conflict between the styles. Both leadership approaches were considered necessary to effectively manage the health system response.Originality/valueCrisis management literature has typically focused on defining and measuring the effectiveness of behaviours reflective of a command and control leadership response. Very few studies have considered the relational aspects of crisis management, nor the dual approaches of command and control, and relational leadership.

A network of networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Iedema ◽  
Raj Verma ◽  
Sonia Wutzke ◽  
Nigel Lyons ◽  
Brian McCaughan
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Health System ◽  
Network Governance ◽  
System Reform ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Networks ◽  
Network Of Networks

Purpose To further our insight into the role of networks in health system reform, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how one agency, the NSW Agency for Clinical Innovation (ACI), and the multiple networks and enabling resources that it encompasses, govern, manage and extend the potential of networks for healthcare practice improvement. Design/methodology/approach This is a case study investigation which took place over ten months through the first author’s participation in network activities and discussions with the agency’s staff about their main objectives, challenges and achievements, and with selected services around the state of New South Wales to understand the agency’s implementation and large system transformation activities. Findings The paper demonstrates that ACI accommodates multiple networks whose oversight structures, self-organisation and systems change approaches combined in dynamic ways, effectively yield a diversity of network governances. Further, ACI bears out a paradox of “centralised decentralisation”, co-locating agents of innovation with networks of implementation and evaluation expertise. This arrangement strengthens and legitimates the role of the strategic hybrid – the healthcare professional in pursuit of change and improvement, and enhances their influence and impact on the wider system. Research limitations/implications While focussing the case study on one agency only, this study is unique as it highlights inter-network connections. Contributing to the literature on network governance, this paper identifies ACI as a “network of networks” through which resources, expectations and stakeholder dynamics are dynamically and flexibly mediated and enhanced. Practical implications The co-location of and dynamic interaction among clinical networks may create synergies among networks, nurture “strategic hybrids”, and enhance the impact of network activities on health system reform. Social implications Network governance requires more from network members than participation in a single network, as it involves health service professionals and consumers in a multi-network dynamic. This dynamic requires deliberations and collaborations to be flexible, and it increasingly positions members as “strategic hybrids” – people who have moved on from singular taken-as-given stances and identities, towards hybrid positionings and flexible perspectives. Originality/value This paper is novel in that it identifies a critical feature of health service reform and large system transformation: network governance is empowered through the dynamic co-location of and collaboration among healthcare networks, particularly when complemented with “enabler” teams of people specialising in programme implementation and evaluation.

The ROK-U.S. Combined Command and Control System and Crisis Management Procedures

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
Taeyoung Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Command And Control System

This article seeks to examine the development of the ROK-U.S. combined command and control system and crisis management procedures in South Korea. In particular, it explores the four crises which occurred between 1968 and 1999 in order to identify its implications for the ROK-U.S. combined crisis management. During a crisis, command and control over the armed forces are critical issues, in order to co-ordinate military movements and alert operations in the context of overall crisis objectives. Within the ROK-U.S. alliance, the ROK command and control chain of armed forces was highly integrated with the command and control chains of the UNC until 1978 and with the CFC from 1978. This CFC combined command structure has enabled the ROK to participate in the chain of operational control of its own forces and to strengthen its position in the ROK-U.S. combined crisis management procedures. Although both co-operated closely to cope with Korean crises in the past, there were some tensions in the use of military force and in the co-ordination of the detailed operational dimension of military operations. However, it can be argued that as long as the ROK crisis objectives and strategy were achieved through a consensus of alliance crisis options, these arrangements provided an effective crisis management system for ROK to resolve Korean crises. To some extent, the combined crisis management system enabled ROK to use America's massive military and intelligence capabilities to deter North Korea and to manage crises effectively. In the face of an era of transition and transformation in the ROK-U.S. alliance relationships following the September 11 2001, the ROK and U.S. need to minimise potential negative effects on combined crisis management system and maintain coherent deterrence capability and alliance stability on the Korean peninsula.

Digital technologies and the balance between control and empowerment in performance management

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirik Bådsvik Hamre Korsen ◽  
Marte Daae-Qvale Holmemo ◽  
Jonas A. Ingvaldsen
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Performance Measurement System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Control

Purpose This paper aims to explore how manufacturing organisations’ performance measurement and management (PMM) systems are evolving when digital technologies (DTs) are deployed. It focusses on the operational level, asking whether DTs are used to promote command-and-control or empowerment-oriented performance management. Design/methodology/approach The findings are based on a single case study from a department of a Norwegian electrochemical plant. The department recently implemented a performance measurement system (PMS) supported by DTs to capture, analyse and visualise close-to-real-time performance data on individuals and teams. The authors analysed both the management practices associated with the new PMS and how those related to other PMM-subsystems in the organisation. Findings When seen in isolation, the new PMS was used to promote empowerment and operators reported a significant increase in perceived psychological empowerment. However, other parts of the organisation’s PMM system remained control-oriented, so that the overall balance between control and empowerment remained stable. Practical implications New PMSs might be added to support local needs and create arenas for empowerment without disturbing the overall balance in the PMM system. Originality/value Building on the insights from the case study, the authors propose that DTs may be deployed to promote both command-and-control and empowerment within different PMM subsystems in the same organisation. Hence, the deployment of DTs is likely to have contradictory effects, which are best understood through a “system of systems” perspective on PMMs.

Afghan refugees’ experience of Iran’s health service delivery

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Heydari ◽  
Rana Amiri ◽  
Nahid Dehghan Nayeri ◽  
Vedadhir AboAli
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Afghan Refugees

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore experiences of Afghan refugees from health service delivery in Mashhad, Iran. Design/methodology/approach – This is a descriptive study with contextual and qualitative design. Semi-structured interview conducted with 19 Afghan refugees and their caregivers and a focus group session were held with Afghan medical science students. Purposive sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were analysed by qualitative content analysis of Graneheim and Lundman. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were implemented to ensure trustworthiness. Findings – The results with the core concept of “position of immigrants in the health system” were presented at four themes of “perceived discrimination”, “snowed with loneliness”, “feeling inferior”, and “gratitude”. Research limitations/implications – This study has some implications for researchers and practitioners. The present study is the first study that was done on the health of Afghan refugees in Iran, therefore it can be a ground for further research. In addition, it has valuable results regarding the Afghan immigrants’ experience of health care system of Iran. Practical implications – It can be useful for improving the condition of immigrants in Iran and for improving Iran’s health system. In order to improve the health system in Iran, authorities should pay much attention to transcultural caring and needs of minorities. Furthermore, health workers should be trained to appropriately take care of all patients, without prejudice. Originality/value – Overall the study revealed that there is inequity in access to health services among Afghan refugees in Iran. The findings, although not generalized, offer important insights into health care providers in Iran which should be delivering health service without prejudice. The authors recommended that policies of public medical insurance and assistance programme should be implemented for providing affordable health care services for Afghan refugees.

Stewardship of noncommunicable diseases in Iran: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taha Nasiri ◽  
Shahram Yazdani ◽  
Lida Shams ◽  
Amirhossein Takian
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health System ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
World Health ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
National Action Plan ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Control

PurposeNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs) count for over 80% of premature death worldwide. More than 76% of the total burden of diseases in Iran is devoted to NCDs. In line with the World Health Organization action plan, Iran has developed its national action plan that led to establishment of the National Committee for Prevention and Control of NCDs (INCDC), whose aim is 30% mortality reduction attributed to NCDs by 2030. The stewardship of health system is the cornerstone of performing and sustaining meaningful actions toward prevention and control of NCDs. The literature is tiny on how to materialize the stewardship and governance of health system. The purpose of this article is to report the findings of a national study that aimed to identity functions and subfunctions of stewardship of NCDs and its related risk factors in Iran.Design/methodology/approachThis is a qualitative study. The authors conducted interviews with 18 purposefully selected interviewees until the authors reached saturation. Thematic content analysis was used for analysis and MAXQDA 10 was employed for data management. The difficulty of coordinating with interviewers and health policymakers in the field slowed the process of research progress.FindingsThe authors identified seven themes and categorized them as main functions for appropriate stewardship of NCDs in Iran, including intelligence generation; strategic framework; evidence-based policies/decisions; system design; resource allocation/development; capacity-building and enforcement/alignment; and categorized them as important.Practical implicationsThe seven themes presented as stewardship functions include concepts and practical examples of the experiences and performance of leading countries in the field of NCDs control that can help policymakers and health managers for better descion-making.Originality/valueIran adopted its national action plan in 2015 and WHO selected Iran as a fast-track country in 2017. The study confirmed that to achieve the global targets, appropriate and contextual stewardship for any specific setting is fundamental. Iran needs to improve its stewardship for prevention and control of NCDs and implement its national action plan. Therefore, the functions and policies outlined in this article for the proper performance of NCDs can improve more meaningful practices in this area in Iran and many other countries.

A strategic approach to sports crisis management

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle LaGree ◽  
Douglas Wilbur ◽  
Glen T. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Using the National Football League (NFL) concussion crisis context, the purpose of this paper is to provide sports marketers with a strategic approach to sports crisis management through consideration of crisis media coverage and organizational reputation. Design/methodology/approach An online experiment assessed the impact of two crisis response strategies, fan involvement and exposure to crisis media coverage on emotional response, corporate message credibility, crisis perception and perceived corporate reputation. Findings The accident response strategy was associated with more favorable perceptions of the NFL and corporate message credibility. Sports fan involvement facilitated more favorable perceptions of the NFL’s reputation, while exposure to media coverage of the NFL’s crisis created negative perceptions of the NFL’s reputation. Exposure to media coverage of the NFL concussion crisis increased feelings of anger, which in turn decreased perceptions of corporate message credibility. Research limitations/implications A limitation for this study is the specific crisis scenario that was used. The NFL concussion crisis is different from other crisis types in that it does not directly impact the audience’s well-being, but instead affects their perceptions of an iconic institution. Practical implications In light of study findings, it is suggested that sports marketers consider the following when dealing with crises: carefully determine proper framing methods when crafting a crisis response as different response types affect consumers in different ways; leverage public relations (PR) practices by engaging in media monitoring to inform an appropriate crisis response to control the narrative; and examine forces exernal of the organization that influence consumer emotions, paying special attention to feelings of anger as anger negatively impacts consumer perceptions of corporate credibility. Originality/value This paper addresses sports crisis strategy from both marketing and public relations perspectives. It describes how strategic efforts protect a sports organization’s reputation, thus increasing marketing effectiveness.

scholarly journals Nepalese Health System Response to Fight Against COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharada Prasad Wasti ◽  
Padam Simkhada ◽  
Sudip Ale ◽  
Edwin Van Teijlingen
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
System Response ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Current Health ◽  
And Control

The novel coronavirus or COVID-19 is a new highly infectious virus affecting a large population across the globe. There is no specific therapeutic drug available against covid-19 hence the most effective public health measures need to strictly be adhered to without delay. Range of issues were reported to fight against COVID-19 in the current health system of Nepal which should be addressed and strengthened the full spectrum of the health system for its effective and sustainable response. It is crucial to understand the current health system at the local and provincial level and strictly adhere the federal government policies and plan as per the protocol for maintaining minimum infection prevention and control measures with having preventive and safety measures to both service providers and community people. To tackle those daily increasing number of COVID-19 cases, it provides an opportunity for the three tires of governments to reprioritize the health service in the national agenda for the effective prevention and response it. Although National health policy 2019 clearly articulated the need for equitable access and quality of health care services to all. Evidence shows that Nepal is in risk zone because of comparably weak health system that should be aware of all three tires of governments of Nepal and strengthen and control the present threat posed the daily increasing cases of pandemic.

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