scholarly journals Firesetting and arson in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic PRISMA review

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Sarah Allely
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Clinical Context ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Review Study

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify studies which have investigated arson or firesetting in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Design/methodology/approach A systematic PRISMA review was conducted. Findings The present review highlighted the relatively little research that has been conducted to date exploring firesetting or arson in individuals with ASD. In sum, 11 papers were identified in the present review study: 6 were case studies and 5 were empirical studies. The case studies identified in the review highlighted some of the ASD symptomology which may contribute to this type of criminal behaviour. Also, the empirical studies indicate that there is a higher prevalence of individuals with ASD who engage in such criminal behaviours. Research limitations/implications There is an urgent need for further empirical research in this area and for there to be an increased awareness and understanding of how ASD can contribute to arson and firesetting in both a legal and clinical context. Originality/value This is the first review, to the author’s knowledge, to explore the literature on firesetting or arson in individuals with ASD.

scholarly journals Rare instances of individuals with autism supporting or engaging in terrorism

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Faccini ◽  
Clare S. Allely
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Functional Connection ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lone Wolf

Purpose The prevalence of individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) being associated with terroristic threats, lone wolf terrorism or affiliating with terroristic groups is rare. This paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach However, several cases are presented, where individuals with autism are involved in making a naïve, empty terroristic threat or uttering serious serial terroristic threats. Other cases are also presented of individuals being at risk for an abduction or being used by a terrorist group, and finally committing an act of domestic lone wolf terrorism. Findings Essential to the analysis was establishing a functional connection between autism-based deficits and the terroristic threats, terrorism, and when to not criminalize naïve, empty terroristic threats or acts. Originality/value Currently, tools available to law enforcement and prosecutors exploit the vulnerabilities and liabilities which arise as a result of group interactions, a “preventive” approach to terrorism that is not applicable to the solitary, “lone wolf” terrorist. There has been relatively little research (including case studies) examining individuals with ASD who engage in terrorism. For instance, when dealing with an individual with ASD who is charged with terrorism, it is crucial to consider how the diagnosis of autism may have presented as a contextual vulnerability, and to make sure that justice, rehabilitation and management, are informed by an understanding of the person’s diagnosis of ASD.

scholarly journals The importance of considering trauma in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: considerations and clinical recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Clare Sarah Allely ◽  
Lino Faccini
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clinical Recommendations ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The area of trauma in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is an important area given the substantial rates of abuse endured by these individuals. However, there are issues with the identification of trauma, understanding how it is perceived, and manifested. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The limited research regarding trauma in ASD is reviewed and gaps are identified. Findings The key findings from the relevant literature are discussed. Practical implications Practical suggestions are outlined for more effective identification of trauma in individuals with ASD. Originality/value To date, there has been relatively little research on trauma and ASD. This paper emphasises the urgent need for attention in this area.

Assessing the complexity of adult ASD cases across three areas in Southern England: a service evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja A.S. Mukherjee ◽  
Minahil Nawaz ◽  
Terry Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Global Assessment Of Functioning ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Over the last few years increasing numbers of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) services have been established across the country. The different services use varying models and the level of complexity seen in each is unclear. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach In order to facilitate the development of the next phase of service provision the three geographical areas covered by SABP ASD services were compared. Modified Global Assessment of Functioning (mGAF) scores were calculated for 75 patients from each area before being compared across various domains to identify the complexities in each area covered. Findings Overall high levels of complexity were seen, with 85 per cent presenting with a serious or major functional difficulty based on, mGAF scores. Originality/value This has planning implications both for commissioners and future service development as previously not identified at a time when services are continuing to expand.

scholarly journals From prose to poetry: retelling the experiences of children with autism navigating around a school to promote empathy and understanding

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie E.N. Irish
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Poetic Translation ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Accessible Format

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to describe the experiences of four children with autism spectrum disorder navigating around the corridors of an unfamiliar school and translate the findings into poetic format. Poetry could provide a more accessible format to a nonacademic audience and promote empathy and understanding about this population.Design/methodology/approachEach participant was shown a route from the start point to the destination by the researcher then asked to lead the way there. Post-study, participants were interviewed for their perceptions and feelings about navigating.FindingsParticipants' responses and behaviors differed, e.g. some were stimulated by colors, some noticed small details and some were distracted. Poetic translation vividly emphasized these behaviors and emotions.Originality/valueFew studies have described how children with autism navigate the built environment or asked their opinion about navigating. None in the field have used poetic translation to explore data.

scholarly journals Autism spectrum disorder and hate crime

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Chaplin ◽  
Samyukta Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer an overview of hate crime relating to people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Design/methodology/approach This is a discussion outlining some of the key evidence relating to ASD and hate crime. Findings For too long the issue of hate crime and autism has been neglected in spite of significant numbers of people with ASDs experiencing hate crime and/or harassment on a regular basis. Originality/value Although people with ASD are thought to be subject to high rates of hate crimes the literature is sparse when compared to other strands of hate crime such as race or religion.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Psychological Symptoms and Psychotherapeutic Processes in Japanese Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9113
Author(s):  
Toshio Kawai ◽  
Yuka Suzuki ◽  
Chihiro Hatanaka ◽  
Hisae Konakawa ◽  
Yasuhiro Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Selective Mutism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

Gender differences have been documented in the prevalence of psychological symptoms. Tic disorders and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are more common in male clinical samples, while selective mutism and trichotillomania are more common in female clinical samples. In a review of 84 published case studies of Japanese children, this study explored gender differences in the prevalence of four categories of symptoms and expressions made in therapy for tics, selective mutism, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and trichotillomania. Case studies were evaluated using both qualitative coding and statistical analysis. The findings were mostly consistent with epidemiological surveys and empirical research on adults. The gender differences in symptom prevalence and their expression could be summarized as differences in more direct aggression for boys versus indirect aggression for girls. The objective and progress in the therapy were to control impulsive energy for boys and to express energy for girls.

Examining the experiences and quality of life of patients with an autism spectrum disorder detained in high secure psychiatric care

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Murphy ◽  
Hannah Mullens
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secure Psychiatric Care

Purpose Although individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represent a small proportion of forensic psychiatric patients as a group they present with specific difficulties and needs. There is also evidence that if detained individuals with an ASD experience particular difficulties within custodial environments as a result of a mismatch between the difficulties associated with their ASD and the environmental demands. The purpose of this paper is to explore the experience of individuals with an ASD admitted to a high secure psychiatric care (HSPC) hospital. Design/methodology/approach Using both a semi-structured interview and a quality of life self-report measure (the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile) the experiences and views of seven patients with an ASD detained in one HSPC hospital were qualitatively explored. Findings Whilst a diverse range of negative and positive aspects of being within HSPC were identified by patients interviewed, those with prison experience thought HSPC was a less stressful environment with more therapeutic opportunities. As a group, patients with an ASD reported a similar or significantly better quality of life in many domains (global, leisure, financial and living situation) compared to other detained forensic patient groups. Practical implications Although most patients with an ASD interviewed reported positive experiences, there are a number of practical improvements that could be made within the hospital to reduce experienced stress levels and perhaps improve therapeutic outcomes. Originality/value Within the context of the Department of Health's autism strategy (2010) and subsequent update think autism (2014), the survey highlights continued ASD awareness training for staff as important. In responding to the risks and needs of individuals with an ASD in HSPC there is further support for the development of an ASD specialist service.

scholarly journals A systematic PRISMA review of individuals with autism spectrum disorder in secure psychiatric care: prevalence, treatment, risk assessment and other clinical considerations

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare S. Allely
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secure Psychiatric Care

Purpose Patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present with specific assessment, specific difficulties, needs and therapeutic issues and therefore are a challenging group for forensic services. Given the challenge that individuals with ASD present to forensic services, the suggested increase in the number of this group within this setting and the relatively little amount of research which suggests they face a number of difficulties within the prison environment, the purpose of this paper is to identify and review all the studies which have been carried out investigating any aspect of ASD in relation to secure hospital settings. Design/methodology/approach Seven internet-based bibliographic databases were used for the present review. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Findings A total of 12 studies were included in this review; 3 looked at the prevalence of ASD in secure psychiatric hospitals. One study evaluated the clinical utility of the AQ screening tool to assess self-reported autistic traits in secure psychiatric settings. Three explored any type of characteristics of patients with ASD detained in secure psychiatric hospitals. One study investigated the experiences or quality of life of patients with an ASD detained in secure psychiatric care. Two studies investigated awareness, knowledge and/or views regarding patients with ASD held by staff working within secure psychiatric hospitals. Lastly, three studies (one of which was also included in the prevalence category above) looked at the effectiveness of interventions or treatment of patients with ASD in secure psychiatric hospitals. Clinical recommendations and future research directions are discussed. Originality/value To the author’s knowledge, this is the first review to explore what research has been carried out looking specifically at patients with ASD in relation to secure forensic settings.

scholarly journals SMARTer Approach to Personalizing Intervention for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2629-2640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie Kasari ◽  
Alexandra Sturm ◽  
Wendy Shih
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Purpose This review article introduces research methods for personalization of intervention. Our goals are to review evidence-based practices for improving social communication impairment in children with autism spectrum disorder generally and then how these practices can be systematized in ways that personalize intervention, especially for children who respond slowly to an initial evidence-based practice. Method The narrative reflects on the current status of modular and targeted interventions on social communication outcomes in the field of autism research. Questions are introduced regarding personalization of interventions that can be addressed through research methods. These research methods include adaptive treatment designs and the Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial. Examples of empirical studies using research designs are presented to answer questions of personalization. Conclusion Bridging the gap between research studies and clinical practice can be advanced by research that attempts to answer questions pertinent to the broad heterogeneity in children with autism spectrum disorder, their response to interventions, and the fact that a single intervention is not effective for all children. Presentation Video https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7298021

On the Development of VR and AR Learning Contents for Children on the Autism Spectrum

2018 ◽  
pp. 106-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Herrera ◽  
Lucia Vera ◽  
Javier Sevilla ◽  
Cristina Portalés ◽  
Sergio Casas
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Important Case ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Group A ◽  
Visually Based ◽  
Educational Contents

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term used to group a range of brain development disorders. The learning profile of most people with ASD is mainly visual, and VR and AR technologies offer important advantages to provide a visually based mean for gaining access to educational contents. The prices of VR and AR glasses and helmets have fallen. Also, a number of tools that facilitate the development and publication of AR and VR contents have recently appeared. Therefore, a scenario of opportunity for new developments has appeared in this field. This chapter offers guidelines for developing AR and VR learning contents for people on the autism spectrum and analyses those guidelines from the perspective of two important case studies developed in previous years.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document