Stock acquisitions, investor recognition, and announcement returns

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 518-535
Author(s):  
Adam Y.C. Lei ◽  
Huihua Li
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Target Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Announcement Returns ◽  
Shadow Cost ◽  
Stock Acquisition

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis that relative to a cash acquisition, a stock acquisition would increase the bidder’s investor base and lower Merton’s (1987) shadow cost, which in turn contributes positively to the bidder announcement return. Design/methodology/approach – Using the number of registered shareholders and measures of institutional ownership as the proxies for investor base and investor recognition, this paper compares their changes and the changes in shadow cost between bidders using different methods of payment. The authors examine the relation between the shadow cost reduction and bidder announcement return in a multivariate framework. Findings – This paper finds that given the target type, bidders using stocks experience significantly larger increases in their investor bases and investor recognition than bidders using cash. Additionally, only bidders using stocks experience significant decreases in their shadow costs. In a multivariate framework, the change in the shadow cost has a negative and significant effect on the bidder announcement return in the sample of stock acquisitions and the subsample of bidders using stocks to acquire private targets. These findings support the authors’ hypothesis and suggest that the less established bidders acquiring private targets in particular benefit from the shadow cost reduction. Originality/value – This paper provides the direct evidence that investor recognition matters in mergers and acquisitions. The findings also provide a complementary explanation for the documented positive bidder returns when bidders use stocks to acquire private targets.

scholarly journals Relative reference prices and M&A misvaluations

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-97
Author(s):  
Zhenlong Li ◽  
Jie Guo ◽  
Panagiotis Andrikopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Reference Dependence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Us ◽  
Announcement Returns ◽  
Prefer Stock

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the misvaluation hypothesis using a relative reference point (RRP) in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) market. Design/methodology/approach The paper studies 1,878 M&A deals in the US market announced between January 1985 and December 2014. Findings The paper finds that bidders prefer stock payments when the RRP increases. The RRP is positively related to the offer premium and the target announcement returns. Although the RRP is negatively related to the bidder announcement returns, it is positively related to the long-run performance of bidders who time the market with overvalued stocks. The results are consistent with the predictions of the misvaluation hypothesis and reference point (RP) theory. Originality/value The authors construct a dynamic valuation framework to explain the misvaluation hypothesis by linking M&As’ misvaluation with RP theory. This paper provides direct evidence that the reference-dependence bias is prevalent for more experienced investors in major corporate investment decisions and offers fresh insights into the method of payment hypothesis.

scholarly journals Do mergers and acquisitions affect information asymmetry in the banking sector?

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1521-1547
Author(s):  
John S. Howe ◽  
Thibaut G. Morillon
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Deal Completion ◽  
Asymmetry Measures ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the consequences of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) on information asymmetry in the banking sector. Specifically, the authors look at whether specific firm or deal characteristic influence information asymmetry levels between insiders and investors, as well as the impact of recent regulation such as the Dodd–Frank Act.Design/methodology/approachThe authors decompose the M&A process into three periods (pre-announcement, negotiation and post-completion period) and document changes in the information asymmetry levels between insiders and investors through the M&A process. The authors capture changes in information asymmetry using six different spread-based information asymmetry measures.FindingsThe authors find evidence that information asymmetry increases following M&A announcement and decreases following deal completion. These findings are more pronounced for acquisitions involving a private target, all-cash deals and for mergers, as opposed to acquisition of assets. We find that overall, successful mergers improve the quality of the information environment, while failed deals degrade it. Additionally, the enactment of Dodd–Frank reduced the magnitude of the changes in information asymmetry during the M&A process. The results are important to regulators, policy makers and investors.Originality/valueTo authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that looks at the effect of bank M&As on information asymmetry as well as the effect of regulations on information asymmetry.

Segmentally aware: know when to merge and when to purge

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-214
Author(s):  
Yao Ma ◽  
Jiahua Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Integration ◽  
Target Company ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Post Merger Integration ◽  
Merger Integration ◽  
Integration Levels

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to hone in on the degree of segment-level integration relative to corporate post-merger performance. Design/methodology/approach The sample consists of 89 segments in 29 combined companies resulting from large mergers and acquisitions (M&A) transactions between 2001 and 2014 in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries worldwide. The authors track the change through M&A in performance of segments with different integration forms as well as performance of entire companies with different integration levels. Findings The authors find that integrating the segments from the target significantly improves the acquirer’s overall performance, as well as the concerned segments’ performance, following an M&A transaction. Whereas the segments from the target company, when left unintegrated, not only exhibit subpar performance among all the segments, but also appear responsible for the worsening corporate performance. Various possible reasons for this contrast are discussed. Originality/value This paper raises awareness of the significance of segment-level analyses, and contributes to the post-merger integration (PMI) research by examining the influence of structural integration on operating segments. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to investigate integration forms and the post-merger financial performance of various segments within companies.

The core potential of mergers and acquisitions to boost profits and research and development innovation

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Core ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings This research paper concentrates on how M&As deliver increased profits and R&D intensity across varying post-acquisition time frames. The human mechanics beneath these achievements reveal that savvy knowledge creation and integration is crucial for extracting lasting value from an M&A. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Abnormal investment, changes in institutional ownership, and SEO long-run performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 842-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiju Young ◽  
Ching-Chih Wu
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Seasoned Equity Offerings ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Quadratic Relation ◽  
Equity Offerings ◽  
Managerial Incentive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Empire Building ◽  
Long Run

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate that how firms’ pre-issue investment levels and changes in institutional ownership (IO) affect their long-run performance after seasoned equity offerings (SEOs). Design/methodology/approach The authors use Richardson’s (2006) method to measure firms’ pre-issue investment levels and then divide the SEO firms into the under-, normal-, and overinvesting groups. The study examines the relation between the pre-issue abnormal investment and long-run post-issue performance. In addition, the authors examine whether changes in IO around SEOs affects SEO firms’ performance. Findings The authors find a quadratic relation between the pre-issue abnormal investment and the long-run post-issue performance. In other words, the underinvesting and overinvesting groups tend to underperform. The authors also find that changes in IO around SEOs positively associate with firms’ long-run performance. Research limitations/implications The authors ascribe the underperformance of underinvesting firms to the deficiency of good growth opportunities; for overinvesting firms, the authors link to the misalignment problem of managerial incentive (i.e. empire building). Originality/value The results suggest that long-run investors should be cautious of buying new-issue shares of underinvesting and overinvesting firms, especially those with insignificant increases in IO.

Mergers and acquisitions in the hightech industry: a literature review

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Rossi ◽  
Shlomo Yedidia Tarba ◽  
Amos Raviv
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Start Ups

PurposeAs a result of the impressive wave of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in recent years, operations that were traditionally considered to be extraordinary have become common business development options. M&As have produced mixed results for their stakeholders, which resulted in extensive economics debate, albeit without a systemic vision. As a result, the M&A literature has not yet developed a paradigm and the purpose of this paper is to present a review of the existing literature.Design/methodology/approachThe authors carried out a review of literature on M&As in technology‐driven sectors.FindingsThe critical examination of the innovation and value creation processes in M&As in hightech industry provides new insights for incumbent executives and can better plan and implement M&As deals.Originality/valueSince 1990 there has been a major expansion of M&As in high‐tech sectors, many involving the acquisition of small and young start‐ups. To address this important topic the authors present here a review of literature on M&As in technology‐driven sectors.

Accounting irregularities and failure to deliver

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 770-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi E. Boyd ◽  
Ann Marie Hibbert ◽  
Ivelina Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Short Selling ◽  
Accounting Restatements ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Short Sellers ◽  
Naked Short Selling ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between naked short selling and accounting irregularities that cause a firm to issue a restatement. Design/methodology/approach – Using the level of abnormal fails-to-deliver as a proxy for naked short selling, the paper looks for evidence of increased naked short selling in anticipation of, as well as in response to these announcements. Findings – Larger firms and firms with a higher percentage of institutional ownership experience greater levels of fails prior to the announcement day, while smaller firms are more likely to be targets of naked short sellers after the announcement. The paper also finds that more transparent announcements are associated with more abnormal fails. Originality/value – This paper is the first research to study the relation between naked short selling and accounting restatements.

scholarly journals Antecedents of marketing integration in cross-border mergers and acquisitions

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf R. Sinkovics ◽  
Noemi Sinkovics ◽  
Yong Kyu Lew ◽  
Mohd Haniff Jedin ◽  
Stefan Zagelmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
Management Styles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
Marketing Resources ◽  
Resource Combination

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine operational-level implementation issues regarding mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in general, and resource combination and integration at the functional marketing level in particular. Design/methodology/approach – The paper introduces four factors (i.e. collaboration, interaction, marketing synergy, and the realignment of marketing resources) that support successful M&A marketing integration and enhance overall M&A performance. Findings – The results indicate that marketing synergy and the realignment of marketing resources contribute significantly to the extent of integration. At the same time, the authors find a significant but negative relationship between the interaction dimension and the speed of integration. Originality/value – The cultural integration of firms that feature different management styles and organizational cultures has been recognized as a particularly challenging aspect of cross-border M&As. This study explains factors that contribute to effective marketing integration in M&As.

Strategic look at making M & A less risky

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-25
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Decision Processes ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach – This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings – Mergers and acquisitions strategies are not risk-free. Potential problems include integration difficulties, inadequate evaluation of target, inability to achieve synergy and complexity. The theory and practice of strategic decision-making need to take into account both economically rational and intuitive decision processes. Practical implications – The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value – The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Networks and alliances – business schools’ answer to mergers and acquisitions?

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 773-795
Author(s):  
Kevin Pon ◽  
Anne-Laure Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Global Education ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Global Culture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Education Market

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the state of French medium sized business schools in the Grandes Ecole sector of education and how networks and alliances help business schools survive in an ever-changing and global environment. Design/methodology/approach The material for empirical research for this paper was gathered by using a case study method of four small to medium sized provincial Institutions of Management Education in France. Findings The paper demonstrates that all of the business schools studied rely on networks and alliances to face globalisation and internationalise their strategy and seems to follow the three typologies of mergers and acquisitions set down by Napier (1989): extension mergers, collaborative mergers and redesign mergers. At present, the networks and alliances are used on a marginal or peripheral way by networking only a part of the institution at one time. Research limitations/implications Further research at a later date needs to be carried out in order to observe if the pattern will remain or if there may be networks which will start from the core of the institution since the organisations will in the future have more of an international or global culture. Originality/value The value of this paper is to demonstrate that medium-sized business schools can compensate their limited resources and compete in the global education market. Alliances and networks appear as key ways in achieving goals of sustainability and survival.

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