For the Question of the Semantic Theories of Antroponyms

The article presents and analyzes the semantic theories and the history of the study of anthroponyms, the syntactic characteristics of anthroponyms, issues related to the semantics of anthroponyms, as well as the features of the primary and secondary use of anthroponyms with a definite and indefinite article. As far as the tradition of research is concerned, linguistic considerations and concepts developed in the form of theories are especially important in this regard. In particular, the theory of names, the descriptive theory of anthroponyms, and the metallinguistic theory of anthroponyms. The subject of their research is the lexical and descriptive meaning of anthroponyms, the main reference, dependence on the context, information and cognitive content, convention (mutual agreement) of the participants in the communicative act.

Daily Labor Supply and Adaptive Reference Points

This paper provides field evidence on how reference points adjust, a degree of freedom in reference-dependence models. Examining this in the context of cabdrivers’ daily labor-supply behavior, we ask how the within-day timing of earnings affects decisions. Drivers work less in response to higher accumulated income, with a strong effect for recent earnings that gradually diminishes for earlier earnings. We estimate a structural model in which drivers work toward a reference point that adjusts to deviations from expected earnings with a lag. This dynamic view of reference dependence reconciles conflicting “neoclassical” and “behavioral” interpretations of evidence on daily labor-supply decisions. (JEL J22, J31, L94)

Satisfaction and Expenditure in Wineries: A Prospect Theory Approach

Visitor satisfaction has been shown to be a critical determinant of visitor expenditure in wineries. Although the relationship between visitor satisfaction and expenditure in wineries has been investigated in previous literature, we have unearthed potential intricacies that emerge when this relationship is analyzed within the reference dependence framework of prospect theory. To fill this gap, we use segment-based reference points to capture the singularity of winery visitors, and results show that demographics and psychographics confirm reference dependence. When reference points are based on psychographics, loss aversion is confirmed (lowering visitor satisfaction has a greater negative impact on expenditure than the positive impact derived from increasing visitor satisfaction), while diminishing sensitivity is observed for losses (the effect of the variations in visitor satisfaction shifts depending on the distance from the individual’s reference point). Interestingly, when the reference points are obtained through demographics, loss aversion is reversed. Relevant managerial implications are outlined.

Reference Points for Retirement Behavior: Evidence from German Pension Discontinuities

This paper studies the large concentration of retirement behavior around statutory retirement ages, a puzzling stylized fact. To investigate this fact, I estimate bunching responses to 644 pension benefit discontinuities, using administrative data on the universe of German retirees. Financial incentives alone cannot explain retirement patterns, but there is a large direct effect of statutory retirement ages. I argue that the framing of statutory ages as reference points for retirement provides a plausible explanation. Simulations based on a model with reference dependence highlight that shifting statutory ages via pension reforms is an effective policy to influence retirement behavior. (JEL D91, H55, J26, J32)