scholarly journals Immigrant entrepreneurs in the USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Yemisi Freda Awotoye ◽  
Robert P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Venture Capitalists ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Venture Formation

Purpose Given the growing number of immigrant entrepreneurs in the USA, the purpose of this paper is to better understand the behaviors of this subgroup of entrepreneurs. Specifically, the paper aims to understand the unique challenges faced by immigrant entrepreneurs and how environmental challenges affect decisions to grow or abandon their ventures. Design/methodology/approach To make the theoretical arguments in this conceptual paper, the authors draw on the theory of planned behavior developed by Ajzen (1985), which suggests that a person’s behavior is predicted by their intention, and intentions are predicted by one’s attitudes, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. Findings The paper provides theoretical insights on the effect of demands of immigration on the intentions of immigrant entrepreneurs to engage in three specific entrepreneurial behaviors: new venture formation, growth and abandonment. The authors propose that immigrant entrepreneurs deal with increased stress yet continue to maintain higher intentions to found new ventures compared to non-immigrants. Contrastingly, the authors also propose that the stress and obstacles immigrant entrepreneurs face reduce their intentions to grow their firms and increase their intentions to abandon their firms. The authors also explore entrepreneurial resilience as a possible moderating factor between stress and entrepreneurial intentions of immigrant entrepreneurs. Research limitations/implications First, the authors do not distinguish between immigrants from different nations or parts of the world or having different backgrounds. Second, the authors do not fully develop or incorporate the element of coping. Also, our paper is limited to behaviors of immigrant entrepreneurs with micro- and small-businesses. Practical implications Venture capitalists could benefit from empirical results of these propositions as funding decisions may need to include consideration of the proposed effects of stress and demands of immigration. Originality/value This paper meets an identified need to examine the effects of immigrant-specific issues such as the demands of immigration on the behaviors of this growing group of entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals An investigation of social entrepreneurial intentions formation among South-East European postgraduate students

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 1120-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Politis ◽  
Panayiotis Ketikidis ◽  
Anastasios D. Diamantidis ◽  
Lambros Lazuras
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
East European ◽  
Personal Attitude ◽  
Research Findings

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the formation of social entrepreneurial intentions (SEIs) in postgraduate students in the South-East European region. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative approach (self-administered online questionnaire) is used to gather data. The total number of the questionnaires that were collected and analyzed through SPSS statistical suite was 115 from which 111 were valid. Findings From the proposed five hypotheses set in the literature, only the personality trait theory was totally rejected because it failed to predict social and commercial entrepreneurial intentions (EIs). The remaining hypotheses were found to be valid. The study’s key finding is that the chosen theory (Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (TPB)), is able to predict both kinds of intentions. An alarming key finding is that tensions in mission focus seem to be present in the early shaped intentions of potential social entrepreneurs. Research limitations/implications Research findings impose that major educational and policy efforts are needed to promote the theme of social entrepreneurship (SE). The results indicate that most of the postgraduates have not yet fully understood the mindset of SE as they were confused about the synergy of the goals (inherent in their social vs profit intentions). Originality/value This research contributes in three major ways to the literature. First, it shows that SEIs seem to be shaped similarly to EIs; determined mostly by two of the motivational factors of the TPB (personal attitude and perceived behavioral control). Second, it shows which factors seem to affect both constructs and third, it adds to the literature by showing that tensions in mission focus are evident early on in the intentions’ formation process, underlying the necessity of immediate educational and legislative precautions.

Entrepreneurial intentions of private university students in the kingdom of Bahrain

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minwir Al-Shammari ◽  
Rana Waleed
Keyword(s):  
Role Models ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Response Rate ◽  
Social Valuation ◽  
The Government

Purpose This study aims to explore the level of entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) among students in three private universities in Bahrain. The examined factors that are expected to shape EI are personal attraction toward becoming an entrepreneur, perceived behavioral control and subjective norms and social valuation of entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach A close-ended questionnaire was used to collect data of the study. The total number of questionnaires distributed was 1,530 questionnaires, while the total number of the valid questionnaires retrieved was 550, which makes the total response rate to be 36 per cent. Findings Regression analysis results indicated that students’ personal attraction toward entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control had a significant strong positive relationship with their EI. In addition, there was a significant moderate positive relationship between students’ perceived subjective norms and social valuation of entrepreneurship with their EI. Originality/value The findings showed that entrepreneurial education is needed to improve students’ skills and knowledge and enhance their EI and perceived behavioral control. In addition, it is important to expose students to entrepreneurial role models and their businesses and to promote entrepreneurial careers as desirable and feasible options that may bring more advantages than working in the government or private sector.

Entrepreneurial intentions on perceived behavioral control and personal attitude: moderated by structural support

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Magtoto Otchengco Jr. ◽  
Yuri Walter Dulay Akiate
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Personal Attitude ◽  
Structural Support

Purpose This study aims to explore the association between the tricycle drivers’ personal attitude and perceived behavioral control and their entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, the study was conducted to determine whether such a relationship is moderated by structural support. Design/methodology/approach A total of 349 tricycle drivers in the Philippines were randomly selected and served as the respondents of this study. To determine if there is a significant relationship between the variables, structural equation modeling was used. Findings Tricycle drivers denoted that the more positive their perceived behavior control and personal attitude is, the greater their entrepreneurial intention is likely to be. Hence, the relationship of perceived behavioral control and personal attitude on entrepreneurial intention is moderated by perceived structural support. Originality/value By learning individuals’ perceived behavioral control, personal attitude and their entrepreneurial intention of specific classes of people, specifically tricycle drivers, it is possible to assess the feasibility of entrepreneurial efforts initiated by the government even before it is implemented, avoiding wastage of both times, resources and effort.

Predictors of purchase intention toward green apparel products

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Bong Ko ◽  
Byoungho Jin
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Market Status

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand consumers’ purchase intention toward green apparel products using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Specifically, this study aimed to compare US and Chinese consumers to understand how green apparel behaviors differ by a country’s green market status and cultural differences. Design/methodology/approach By employing two antecedents, man-nature orientation and environmental knowledge into the TPB framework, a theoretical model was proposed and tested to explain how and to what extent each variable affected the purchase intention of US and Chinese consumers. To compare the two countries consumers’ purchase intention, moderating effects were proposed. To test this model, a total of 437 valid data sets were collected at universities in the USA and China. Findings Findings indicated that the subjective norm was found to have the highest direct influence on purchase intention in both countries. Regarding internal perceived behavioral control (PBC) and external PBC, internal PBC was important for purchase intention in the US consumers while external PBC significantly influenced purchase intention among Chinese consumers. For the USA, two indirect antecedents to purchase intention (man-nature orientation and environmental knowledge) positively influenced variables in the TPB. In contrast, for China, the path between man-nature orientation and attitude toward green apparel products was not supported, but all other paths were supported. Only environmental knowledge (indirect antecedent) positively influenced internal PBC. Country moderating effects were not tested because of lack of supported evidence of invariance tests. Originality/value This study is an empirical research that focuses on purchase intention of green apparel products rather than on the production of green textiles, a topic that has received considerable attention in previous studies. This research is based on TPB with specified indirect antecedents to purchase intention. By testing the proposed model, the study explains the paths from two indirect antecedents (i.e. man-nature orientation and environmental knowledge) to the intent to purchase green apparel products. Therefore, academically, this study contributes to understanding the interrelationships among the factors that lead to purchase intention of green apparel products.

Education and enterprising profile of young community: evidence from a transition country

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vjollca Hasani ◽  
Jusuf Zeqiri ◽  
Kumrije Gagica ◽  
Kimberly Gleason ◽  
Sadudin Ibraimi
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper, in light of the theory of planned behavior, aims to analyze the factors that have an impact on entrepreneurial intentions among students in Kosovo. Design/methodology/approach A structured questionnaire is administered online for data collection, and the analysis is conducted using structural equation modeling. Findings The authors find that in the context of Kosovo, personal attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control significantly impact entrepreneurial intention among students. However, the entrepreneurial education survey respondents received was unrelated to entrepreneurial intention of students in Kosovo. Originality/value The authors contribute to the literature regarding the role of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intention among students and graduates. In addition, the authors provide new evidence regarding the impact of personal attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on entrepreneurial intention in the context of a transition economy. Finally, the authors offer recommendations to educational institutions and policymakers concerning the appropriate design of entrepreneurial education.

Investigating entrepreneurial intention among public sector university students of Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 841-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naimatullah Shah ◽  
Bahadur Ali Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Graduate Unemployment

Purpose Nowadays, entrepreneurship is regarded as an indispensable means for economic development. In this regard, promoting entrepreneurship is a necessity for every economy. The purpose of this paper is to identify factors that may influence students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual framework underlying this study is the theory of planned behavior, and the study proposes a descriptive methodology in which cross-sectional data are randomly collected from the different public sector universities of Pakistan. A survey questionnaire was used as a means for data collection. The respondents were bachelor’s as well as master’s degree students who are pursuing degrees in entrepreneurship or education. After cleaning the data, 385 usable answers were analyzed. The response rate was 60 percent. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0 was used for data analysis. Findings The results of Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis showed that attitudes toward behavior and subjective norms have a positive and significant relationship with entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, perceived behavioral control has no significant relationship with entrepreneurial intention. Originality/value Such a study may provide useful insights into the state of entrepreneurship education for policy makers and planners in universities as well as in government, regarding the younger generation, particularly, to reduce the burden of graduate unemployment.

scholarly journals The development of entrepreneurial potential among higher education students

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Varamäki ◽  
Sanna Joensuu ◽  
Erno Tornikoski ◽  
Anmari Viljamaa
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young People ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of how entrepreneurial potential is developed among young people. Changes in individuals’ entrepreneurial intentions and the antecedents of intentions are investigated, as well as the impact of entrepreneurship education on the changes. Design/methodology/approach – Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is applied. Longitudinal data from 197 HE students, in their first and third year of studies, is examined using path analysis. Findings – Overall the entrepreneurial intentions of HE students decreased over time. Intentions decreased particularly for those with high initial level of intentions, whereas the group with increasing intentions rose from low to neutral level of intentions. Changes in attitudes and perceived behavioral control have a significant positive impact. Versatile entrepreneurship courses have direct effect on changes in attitudes. Changes in attitudes have a dual role, as they influence change in both intentions and perceived behavioral control. The developed model explains 19 percent of the variance among women and 28 percent among men, suggesting gender differences in development of intentions. Research limitations/implications – Only one way of developing entrepreneurial potential in young people (i.e. education) is covered. The empirical sample is limited to one university. Practical implications – The results suggest versatile methods of entrepreneurship education are more effective in developing intentions than perhaps purely active modes. Gender differences should be considered when designing interventions to foster entrepreneurial potential. Originality/value – The research confirms with longitudinal individual-level data the applicability of TPB on entrepreneurial intentions and demonstrates the mediated impact of versatile entrepreneurship courses on changes in intentions.

Entrepreneurial intention among Latin American university students

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Leiva ◽  
Ronald Mora-Esquivel ◽  
Catherine Krauss-Delorme ◽  
Adriana Bonomo-Odizzio ◽  
Martín Solís-Salazar
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Implementation Intentions ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Model ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Content Type ◽  
American University

PurposeThis paper analyses how contextual factors at universities (entrepreneurship education and program learning) and cognitive variables (perceived behavioral control, implementation intentions, and attitude) influence entrepreneurial intentions among Latin American university students.Design/Methodology/ApproachThe empirical analysis employs a multilevel (hierarchical) linear model with a sample size of 9012 university students taken in 2018 from nine Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, México, Panamá, and Uruguay.FindingsOverall, the university context and cognitive variables contribute to explaining entrepreneurial intentions in university students. Whereas program learning constitutes a variable that directly and indirectly explains entrepreneurial intentions among university students, attending entrepreneurship courses negatively influences their entrepreneurial intentions.Originality/valueA central premise of this study is that the entrepreneurial process in university students is a multilevel phenomenon, given that university context and cognitive variables are key factors in entrepreneurial intentions. The findings support this premise and contribute to the existing literature on entrepreneurship in emerging economies. Nevertheless, the results reveal a more nuanced picture regarding the role of university context on the entrepreneurial intentions of students.

Entrepreneurial intentions in the context of a natural disaster

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Bustamante ◽  
Carlos Poblete ◽  
José Ernesto Amorós
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Firm Creation ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis research aims to explore the moderating effect of a natural disaster on the well-studied relationship between entrepreneurship-oriented beliefs (behavioral, normative, and control beliefs) and entrepreneurial intentions.Design/methodology/approachThis study relies on data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor before and after the earthquake that took place in Chile on February 27, 2010. The study was performed by applying a multilevel hierarchical logit regression over a sample of 14,724 individuals from the six more affected regions.FindingsThe results indicate that a natural disasters shape the relationship between entrepreneurial intentions and all its three motivational antecedents, however in opposing directions. The results also suggest that a natural disaster strengthens the relationship between entrepreneurial attitudes and entrepreneurial intentions; nevertheless the effect of subjective norms becomes less relevant in shaping entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, the authors found that the earthquake had a positive effect on the relationship between perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurial intentions.Originality/valueThis study advances the emerging stream of research on the micro-level consequences of exogenous shocks and how they shape individual functioning. A key implication for policymakers wishing to facilitate the recovery phase after a natural disaster is that it is important to focus on fostering entrepreneurship by developing individuals' personal attitude and perceived control over the firm-creation behavior, rather than relying on the perceived social pressure to become an entrepreneur.

Gender difference in equity crowdfunding: an exploratory analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Malaga ◽  
Stanislav Mamonov ◽  
Janet Rosenblum
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Equity Crowdfunding ◽  
The Usa

Purpose Title II of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act aims to make it easier for new ventures to raise funds from accredited investors via equity crowdfunding. The purpose of this paper is to understand whether Title II equity crowdfunding represents an opportunity for women-owned companies (those that have one or more female owners/founders) to raise capital at rates similar to companies owned by men. Design/methodology/approach The authors conduct an exploratory analysis using a data set containing 6,234 Title II equity crowdfunded offerings aggregated across 17 crowdfunding platforms between September 2013 and December 2015. Findings The authors find that women-owned companies constitute only 15.2 per cent of the ventures seeking funding in this data set; however, gender had no effect on the likelihood of successful fundraising under Title II. Originality/value This study is the first to examine the roll of gender on the success of equity crowdfunding campaigns the USA. It provides empirical evidence that crowdfunding has had limited impact on democratizing access to capital for woman-owned startups and small businesses. The data reveal that woman-owned companies are underrepresented in Title II equity crowdfunding to an even greater extent than they are underrepresented in angel and venture capital (VC) investments. The results of this study also highlight the importance of examining the role of gender in equity crowdfunding across different countries.

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