The effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone, paraoxonase 1, apolipoproteins, free fatty acid and insulin in vitamin D deficient obese and overweight individuals under a low-calorie diet program: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elhameh Chehsmazar ◽  
Mitra Zarrati ◽  
Bahareh Yazdani ◽  
Elham Razmpoosh ◽  
Agha Fatemeh Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements ◽  
Apo Ai

Purpose Adipose tissue accumulation by trapping vitamin D and reducing its level may cause serious side effects. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), paraoxonase 1 (PON 1), insulin, free fatty acid (FFA), apolipoprotein-AI (Apo-AI) and apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) concentration in obese and overweight participants under low-calorie diet (LCD) program. Design/methodology/approach Healthy overweight and obese individuals (n = 70) with vitamin D deficiency were randomly assigned into 2 groups to receive either vitamin D supplements (an oral 2,000 IU vitamin D supplement) or placebo for 8 weeks. Findings All the participants were given an LCD program during the intervention. Vitamin D supplementation led to a significant increase in the levels of 25(OH)D (vitamin D vs placebo groups: 36.6 ± 9.8 vs 19.9 ± 3.5 ng/mL, p < 0.001), PON 1 levels (vitamin D vs placebo groups: 80 ± 25 vs 58 ± 23.2 ng/mL, p = 0.001), DHEA concentration (vitamin D vs placebo groups: 2.3 ± 0.7 vs 1.5 ± 0.6 ng/mL, p < 0.001) and Apo-AI levels (vitamin D vs placebo groups 3.7 ± 0.5 vs 3 ± 0.5 mg/dL, p < 0.001). Besides, intake of vitamin D supplements led to a significant decrease in FFA (vitamin D vs placebo groups: 3.1 ± 0.75 vs 3.5 ± 0.5 ng/mL, p = 0.001). After adjusting the analyses based on baseline levels, age and baseline body mass index measures, significant changes were observed in the insulin levels (0.03 ± 0.06 vs −1.7 ± 0.6 µIU/ml, p = 0.04). But the authors did not find any significant difference in the concentration of Apo-B between groups (vitamin D vs placebo groups: 71.5 ± 35.5 vs 66.6 ± 28.5 mg/dL, p = 0.05). Originality/value Overall vitamin D supplementation for eight weeks among vitamin D-deficient obese and overweight participants had beneficial effects on serum DHEA PON 1 FFA insulin and Apo- AI while it did not affect the Apo-B concentration.

scholarly journals Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Omentin-1 and Spexin Levels, Inflammatory Parameters, Lipid Profile, and Anthropometric Indices in Obese and Overweight Adults with Vitamin D Deficiency under Low-Calorie Diet: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Elhameh Cheshmazar ◽  
Agha Fatemeh Hosseini ◽  
Bahareh Yazdani ◽  
Elham Razmpoosh ◽  
Mitra Zarrati
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
Hs Crp

Background and Aims. Improved vitamin D levels can have a favorable effect on some metabolic variables. The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of vitamin D supplementation during a weight-loss intervention on the levels of omentin-1, spexin, lipid profiles, and inflammatory factors in obese and overweight participants. Methods and Materials. In this double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 70 overweight and obese participants with vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D ≤ 20 nmol/L) were assigned into the intervention (a daily dose of 2,000 IU vitamin D + low-calorie diet) and placebo (placebo + low-calorie diet) groups for 8 weeks. Anthropometric parameters, serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), lipid profiles, omentin-1 and spexin levels, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) concentrations were assessed before and after the intervention. Results. Vitamin D supplementation after the intervention led to a significant decrease in triglycerides (TG) ( P = 0.02 ), very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) ( P = 0.02 ), and hs-CRP ( P = 0.03 ) concentrations and a significant increase in the serum vitamin D level ( P < 0.001 ). Furthermore, after adjusting for baseline values, age, and baseline BMI, the levels of serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ( P = 0.01 ) increased significantly, and a significant reduction was observed in the concentration of sICAM-1 ( P = 0.01 ) in the intervention group. However, we did not find any significant difference in serum omentin-1 and spexin concentrations between the groups after intervention. Conclusions. Vitamin D supplementation along with a low-calorie diet (LCD) program for 8 weeks significantly decreased the inflammatory markers in obese individuals, while it did not alter serum omentin-1 and spexin concentrations.

scholarly journals Responsibility for vitamin D supplementation of elderly care home residents in England: falling through the gap between medicine and food

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjnph-2020-000129
Author(s):  
Joseph Williams ◽  
Carol Williams
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Medical Responsibility ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

IntroductionDaily vitamin D supplements are recommended for elderly care home residents; however, they are rarely given and vitamin D deficiency in care homes is widespread. This study aimed to understand the determinants of current practice and perceived responsibility for the vitamin D status of residents.MethodsThirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants in two areas of Southern England including care home managers, general practitioners (GPs) and public health professionals. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim.ResultsInductive thematic analysis identified four themes: framing of vitamin D supplements as medicines; professional and sector boundaries whereby GPs are perceived as responsible for the vitamin D status of residents and care home managers felt unable to administer over-the-counter vitamin tablets; low awareness of national guidance; and ethical and practical issues. This results in vitamin D supplements requiring prescription by medical professionals and few residents receiving them.ConclusionThe medical framing of vitamin D supplements in care homes is a practical barrier to implementation of longstanding nutrition guidelines. A paradigm shift is needed so that vitamin D is understood as a protective nutrient as well as a medicine, and a public health as well as a medical responsibility. Vitamin D is important for musculoskeletal health. Possible links with COVID-19 are still being investigated. The pandemic has drawn attention to conditions in care homes and there is an opportunity to revise current guidance on vitamin D supplementation which will have lasting benefit for this vulnerable group.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Supplementation in Australia: Implications for the Development of Supplementation Guidelines

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kellie Bilinski ◽  
Peter Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements ◽  
Vitamin D Supplement ◽  
Potential Public Health

High rates of vitamin D deficiency and testing have been reported in Australia, yet there are few reports regarding vitamin D supplement use. Australian wholesale sales data was obtained for vitamin D supplements for the period 2000–2011. There has been a threefold increase in supplement sales over the past decade, whereby over A$94 million supplements containing vitamin D in Australia were sold during the year 2010. There were eighty-nine manufacturers that produce a variety of 195 vitamin D products. The amount of vitamin D in these products varies considerably, from 40 to 1000 IU per unit, although supplements containing only vitamin D had the highest amount of vitamin D. There was a trend for sales to increase in winter months. Given the potential public health benefits of vitamin D, there is an urgent need for a better understanding of supplementation use and for the development of supplementation.

Vitamin D Supplementation to Treat Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
Kimberly Lowe ◽  
Khadija Tul Kubra ◽  
Ze Yang He ◽  
Katherine Carey
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

For the past 15 years, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States and worldwide. With an aging population, there has been increasing use of statin therapy to reduce the risk of CVD. However, statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) remain an obstacle to this treatment, leading to discontinuation and nonadherence to statin therapy. Signs and symptoms of SAMS include muscle pain, tenderness, and increased serum creatine kinase. Despite the idiopathic pathophysiology of SAMS, some studies have shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and SAMS; the use of vitamin D supplements can lead to relief of these symptoms. The purpose of this review was to critique evidence for the association between low serum vitamin D and SAMS and the use of vitamin D supplementation for treatment.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status and Its Seasonal Variations and Association With Parathyroid Hormone Concentration in Healthy Women in Riga

Medicina ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Aivars Lejnieks ◽  
Anda Slaidina ◽  
Agnis Zvaigzne ◽  
Una Soboleva ◽  
Gulsena Eivazova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

The aim of the study was to describe the vitamin D status and its seasonal variations in women living in Riga, Latvia, to examine an association between the concentrations of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH), and to determine the threshold for plasma 25(OH)D above which there is no further suppression of PTH. Material and Methods. The data of 189 healthy Caucasian women were analyzed. The serum levels of 25(OH)D, PTH, and phosphorus were measured twice a year. All the participants were divided into 3 groups according to vitamin D supplementation and the reproductive status. Results. The overall mean level of 25(OH)D was 32.8 ng/mL with significantly lower levels being in winter when compared with those in summer (28.2 ng/mL vs. 37.5 ng/mL, respectively; P<0.05). PTH was negatively associated with 25(OH)D. A threshold level of plasma 25(OH)D above which no further suppression of PTH occurred was found to be 38 ng/mL. Postmenopausal women not taking vitamin D supplements and without exposure to sunlight had 25(OH)D deficiency in winter and summer (92% and 88%, respectively). The most significant seasonal fluctuations were seen in the women of the reproductive age not taking vitamin D supplements and without exposure to sunlight, of which 47% had 25(OH)D deficiency in summer and 69% in winter. Conclusions. An optimal concentration of 25(OH)D was found to be 38 ng/mL. According to this definition, 70.4% of all the healthy women were classified as vitamin D deficient in winter and 59.8% in summer. The highest proportion of vitamin D deficient individuals was found in the group representing the postmenopausal women not taking vitamin D supplements.

scholarly journals The relationship between neuropsychological function and responsiveness to vitamin D supplementation using artificial neural networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
Elahe Allahyari ◽  
Parichehr Hanachi ◽  
Fatemeh Ariakia ◽  
Toktam Emami Kashfi ◽  
Gordon A Ferns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Neural Network Algorithm ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

Background: Vitamin D has recently attracted interest for its pleiotropic effects. Vitamin D supplements are a potentially important public health intervention, but the response to supplementation varies between individuals. Aim: We aimed to assess the association between several neuropsychological parameters and the magnitude of response to vitamin D supplementation using an artificial neural network method. Methods: Neuropsychological function was assessed in 619 participants using standard questionnaires. The study participants received vitamin D capsules containing 50,000 IU vitamin D per week over 9 weeks. To assess the relationship between responsiveness to vitamin D supplements and the impact on these neuropsychological parameters, the best-performing artificial neural network algorithms were selected from a combination of different transfer functions in hidden and output layers and variable numbers of hidden layers (between two and 50). The performance of the artificial neural network algorithm was assessed by receiver operating characteristic analysis and variables of importance were identified. Results: The artificial neural network algorithm with sigmoid transfer function in both hidden and output layers could predict responsiveness to vitamin D supplementation effectively. The sensitivity and specificity were between 0.60 and 0.70 and 0.66 and 0.70, respectively. Cognitive abilities (42.5%), basal vitamin D (21.3%), body mass index (9.5%), and daytime sleepiness (8%) are the most widely used variables to predict changes in serum vitamin D levels. Conclusions: Cognitive abilities status and baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D are important novel modifiers of the enhancement in circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D after vitamin D supplementation.

Histological, metabolic, and inflammatory changes in the renal tissues of high-fat diet-induced obese rats after vitamin D supplementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir-Hossein Avestaei ◽  
Mahdi Yaghchiyan ◽  
Alireza Ali-Hemmati ◽  
Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi ◽  
Mehran Mesgari-Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Purpose Obesity is a major risk factor for chronic renal fibrosis and kidneys’ structural and inflammatory impairments. This study aims to examine the possible therapeutic effects of vitamin D supplementation against renal inflammatory and kidney’s structural fibrosis and degeneration. Design/methodology/approach Forty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups for 16 weeks: normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD); then, each group was subdivided into two groups including ND, ND + vitamin D and HFD, HFD + vitamin D. Vitamin D supplementation was done for five weeks at 500 IU/kg dosage. Renal tissue concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin 6, interleukin 1 beta, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), serum values of lipids, markers of glucose homeostasis and urea, creatinine and uric acid and renal tissue histological and structural changes were determined. Findings HFD feeding caused remarkable histological and structural changes including higher TNF-α, MCP-1 and TGF-β concentrations in renal tissues of rats, whereas vitamin D has potent anti-inflammatory effects (P = 0.036, 0.047 and 0.02, respectively). Vitamin D administration also reduced urea and uric acid concentrations (P = 0.023 and 0.049, respectively). Moreover, vitamin D reduced glomerulomegaly, reduced lipid accumulation and limited dilated Bowman’s space in rats and improved glycemic status by increasing insulin (P = 0.04) and reducing insulin resistance (P = 0.006). Research limitations/implications The current study has some limitations. It was better to measure the level of inflammatory cytokines’ expression in the kidney tissues. Additionally, the measurement of baseline values of inflammatory cytokines was not possible because of the possibility of animals’ drop-out. Practical implications According to the study findings, vitamin D treatment in the current report showed a significant therapeutic role in reducing inflammation, improving glycemic and lipid abnormalities and structural and histological modifications in renal tissues of rats. These findings have a great value because after confirming in a human model, vitamin D can be suggested as a potential therapeutic tool in clinical practice. Social implications After being confirmed by other animal or human researches, the results of the current work could have great social implications by reducing the prevalence of obesity-related renal complications and highlighting the beneficial roles of vitamin D. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the histological and inflammatory changes in the kidneys and metabolic parameters in the HFD induced rats and also clarified the therapeutic roles of vitamin D in ameliorating the inflammatory, histological, metabolic and functional changes in the kidneys of obese rats.

scholarly journals Vitamin D supplementation: are multivitamins sufficient?

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 791-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J Moon ◽  
Elizabeth M Curtis ◽  
Cyrus Cooper ◽  
Justin H Davies ◽  
Nicholas C Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

BackgroundPublic Health England advises 400 IU/day vitamin D supplementation for children over 1 year. Commercially available children’s multivitamin and vitamin D supplements were surveyed to determine the vitamin D content.MethodsMultivitamins and vitamin D supplements marketed at children <12 years and sold by nine UK supermarkets and health supplement retailers were surveyed. Vitamin D content was determined from manufacturer’s websites and product packaging.Results67 multivitamins were surveyed, containing 0–800 IU/day vitamin D. Only 25%–36%, depending on the child’s age, provided ≥400 IU/day vitamin D. Supplements containing only vitamin D or labelled as for ‘healthy bones’ typically had higher vitamin D content (57%–67% contained ≥400 IU/day).ConclusionsFew multivitamin products supply the recommended 400 IU/day vitamin D. Clinicians need to be aware of this when recommending vitamin D supplementation and advise parents/carers to choose a product that contains ≥400 IU/day vitamin D.

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