Xi's indefinite rule will have immediate impact

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Term Limits ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Media Report ◽  
Term Limit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
People's Congress

Subject The removal of presidential term limits. Significance China's constitution will be amended at the National People's Congress this month to remove a rule that prevents people from serving more than two consecutive terms as the country's president, state media report. The limit was introduced in the 1982 revision of the constitution that was part of a set of laws, rules and conventions designed to prevent China reverting to dictatorship as it had been under Mao Zedong. Removing the term limit will allow Xi Jinping to remain president after his second term ends in 2023, when he will be 69. Impacts Turnover in other leadership positions could slow down too, making the top echelons older and less diverse. Comparisons of Xi with Mao Zedong are for the most part misplaced; Xi is a conservative, not a radical. Despite consolidating power, Xi's second term may be more difficult due to more serious external challenges.

China's 'new era' will see Party power resurgent

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Compliance Costs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Era ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
Client Relations ◽  
People's Congress ◽  
Party Congress ◽  
Party Power

Subject Xi Jinping's second term. Significance The 'new era' announced by President Xi Jinping at the 19th Party Congress in October will get fully underway when the election of a new National People's Congress and associated appointments next March complete the five-yearly handover to a new cohort of national leaders. In important ways, however, it has already begun. Impacts Compliance costs will rise for enterprises, particularly foreign ones. The private sector will rely more than previously on patron-client relations rather than competitiveness. Government efforts to promote innovation will focus on technology.

scholarly journals Presidential Tenure and Constitutional Provisions: Recent Evidence from Central Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Dawson ◽  
Daniel J. Young
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Term Limits ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Term Limit ◽  
Developing Democracies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Constitutional Factor

Constitutions around Africa have been repeatedly tested on the issue of presidential term limits. We explore the four most recent cases of African presidents facing the end of their constitutionally mandated limit, all of which developed in Central Africa. Burundi, Rwanda, the Republic of Congo, and the Democratic Republic of Congo all adopted constitutions limiting presidential tenure to two terms; yet, in 2015, when these limits were approaching, none of the sitting presidents simply stood down. Our analysis focuses on the constitutional provisions meant to protect the two-term limit, the strategies employed by each of the four presidents, and the difficulty they faced in pursuing extended tenure. We find that constitutional provisions do constrain, but not always to the expected degree. Our analysis adds a consideration of a foundational constitutional factor to the growing literature on term limits in Africa, with implications for other regions of newly developing democracies.

New Taiwan opposition leader could ease China tension

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Charismatic Leader ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cautious Approach ◽  
Ruling Party

Significance He is Beijing's preferred candidate and appears to have a cordial relationship with President Xi Jinping. He takes the helm at a moment when relations with China are the tensest they have been in more than a decade. Impacts Chu will stick to the '1992 Consensus' that there is only one China. Chu will take a more cautious approach to cross-Strait cooperation than Taiwan's last Kuomintang president, Ma Ying-jeou (2008-16). The task of making the Kuomintang a ruling party again will probably require a more charismatic leader than Chu.

Gender inequality in the work environment: a study of private research organizations in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ideal Woman

Purpose Since liberalization in the 1990s, India has witnessed a growth in the number of educated middle-class women in professions. However, there are few women in leadership positions and decision-making bodies. While the earlier notion of the ideal woman as homemaker has been replaced by one which idealizes women of substance, a woman’s role in the family continues to be pivotal and is even viewed as central in defining Indian culture. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how and to what extent gender inequalities are reproduced in the organizations employing educated professionals. Design/methodology/approach Based on the perspective that gender is socially constructed, this paper analyzes gender inequality in Indian organizations through semi-structured interviews of men and women scientists in two private pharmaceutical laboratories. Findings The findings show reproduction of a gendered normative order through two types of norms and practices: one, norms and practices that favor men and second, socio-cultural norms that devalue women in public spaces which help to maintain masculinity in the workplace. Although these practices might be found elsewhere in the world, the manner in which they are enacted reflects national cultural norms. Originality/value The paper highlights how various norms and practices enacted in the specific Indian socio-cultural context construct and maintain masculinity at workplace depriving opportunities to professional women which affect their rise to leadership positions.

A 7 Cs model of effective service leadership

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-761
Author(s):  
Tracy X.P. Zou ◽  
Robin S. Snell ◽  
Maureen Y.L. Chan ◽  
Amy L.Y. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Critical Incident ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Leadership Attributes ◽  
Service Leadership ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effective Service

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify attributes and practices that are salient for effectiveness in middle- and senior-level service leadership positions. Design/methodology/approach Critical incident interviews were conducted with 17 key informants, who were service leaders in various service sectors in Hong Kong, and with ten stakeholders. Findings Grounded theory analysis generated a 7 Cs model with seven categories of service leadership attributes and practices: character, choreography, care, creativity, charisma, collaborating and competence self-improvement, and 24 constituent concepts. There was concordance between pairs of key informants and stakeholders. Research limitations/implications Further research could investigate the impact on frontline service leaders’ performance if one or more of the 7 Cs are perceived to be absent or deficient among leaders at more senior levels, and whether there are acceptable substitutes for particular Cs. Practical implications The 7 Cs model identifies service leadership attributes and practices across diverse sectors. Originality/value The 7 Cs model provides a map for orienting the developmental preparation of individuals, who are aspiring to become middle- and senior-level leaders in economies that have become highly dependent on service.

Female American in-house counsel are no more likely to reach senior ranks than female counterparts in law firms

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Senior Leadership ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Large Corporations ◽  
Job Category

Purpose The authors wanted to find out if women in-house lawyers were treated more equitably than their counterparts in law firms and, therefore, reached higher ranks more often. Design/methodology/approach The authors examined 10 years of data about public companies in the ExecuComp dataset. The information includes name, age, gender, job category and numerous compensation measures. Public companies must report their top five earners. The authors narrowed their focus to 2,154 lawyers of whom 1,851 were men and 303 were women. Findings Analysis supported hypothesis 1, showing women are underrepresented in senior legal roles in large corporations. Hypothesis 2, however, was not supported. It was expected that women would be more likely to hold senior positions in female-dominated industries, but this was not the case. Finally, hypothesis 3 was not supported either. It suggested in-house women counsel would earn comparable compensation to their male counterparts. But analysis showed women earned 92.6pc of men earn and their bonuses were only 73.2pc of men’s. Originality/value The authors say the research has important practical lessons for companies. Many of the remedies for gender disparities in law firms apply also to in-house counsel, they say. A primary mechanism is to integrate more women into senior leadership positions. This will tend to lead to reductions in compensation disparities, as well as greater accountability and transparency.

China will push for greater self-reliance in food

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Self Reliance

Significance President Xi Jinping last year called for "a sense of crisis about food security”. Behind such statements lies an awareness of environmental threats and natural disasters, a shrinking and ageing farm labour force, shortages of water and arable land, and food waste on an enormous scale. Impacts China cannot avoid dependence on imports of animal feed as its population's demand for meat rises further. Beijing will make greater efforts to diversify foreign sources of feed imports. China is immutably locked into overseas dependence for soybeans, and potentially maize and barley, too.

Gambian election presages authoritarian turn

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Term Limit ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coup Risk ◽  
Alliance Building

Significance His main rival, Ousainou Darboe, placed a distant second with just under 28%. The result relates more to popular rejection of Darboe and savvy alliance-building than a popular endorsement of Barrow’s five years in office, which have been marred by scandals and broken electoral promises. Impacts Without a term limit for the presidency, Barrow is now poised to prolong his stay in office. The continued presence of regional forces will mitigate a coup risk. Barrow will apply the recommendations of the Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC) selectively to protect close allies.

Presidential Terms in Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
pp. 221-246
Author(s):  
Dmitry Nurumov ◽  
Vasil Vashchanka
Keyword(s):  
Term Limits ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Term Limit ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Total Control ◽  
History Of

This chapter tracks the history of changes to presidential terms and term limits of President Nazarbayev, the first and only president of post-Soviet Kazakhstan. We show that the length of presidential terms was changed by Nazarbayev to ensure his longevity in an evolving political situation. He successfully avoided elections when opposition was more consolidated while maintaining plausible periodicity of contests. The two-term limit was manipulated by various means, including a referendum, new constitution, and ultimately exemption from term limits for the First President. These manipulations were enabled by gradual consolidation of Nazarbayev’s regime, which is now marked by nearly total control over the political space. Elections serve as a decorum deployed tactically to ensure symbolic democratic continuity and offer no realistic prospect of unseating the incumbent president.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document