US pressure will force trade concessions from Japan

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bilateral Trade Agreement ◽  
Will Force ◽  
Trade Partners

Subject Talks on a Japan-US trade agreement. Significance US President Donald Trump's administration is pressing Tokyo to conclude a bilateral trade agreement, threatening new tariffs if negotiations do not bring the results it wants. Impacts Trump will apply unprecedentedly strong pressure and intimidation, with the threat of punitive import tariffs a major tool. Japan will orchestrate calls for free trade by other governments under US tariff pressure, the WTO and other international organisations. Tokyo will deepen cooperation with more pro-free trade partners, especially within the trade agreements it has concluded or will soon.

The Turkey-UK Free Trade Agreement in Terms of Economic Diplomacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Fall 2021) ◽  
pp. 193-211
Author(s):  
Kaan Yiğenoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Diplomacy ◽  
The Uk

This article scrutinizes relations between economic diplomacy and free trade agreements by focusing on the Turkey-UK free trade agreements which came into force in 2021. Accordingly, the article first introduces the concept of economic diplomacy, an important issue as it has been shown that bilateral trade agreements, nowadays preferred by many countries, can be used as a tool of economic diplomacy. The article then discusses the history and development of free trade agreements signed by Turkey, including its long-running experience of economic integration with the European Union. Although Turkey began establishing free trade agreements in the 1990s, it has been concentrating on and accelerating its use since 2000. Based on economic and political reasons underlying the free economic agreements, the reasons why Turkey and the UK have reached such an agreement are summarized. Economic relations between the two countries are then analyzed and the details of the agreement are investigated in the context of the changes that it provides.

Stocktaking and Glimpsing at Trade Law's Next Generation

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Kathleen Claussen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Law

These remarks are derived from a forthcoming work considering the future of international trade law. Compared with most features of the international legal system, the regional and bilateral trade law system is in the early stages of its evolution. For example, the United States is a party to fourteen free trade agreements currently in force, all but two of which have entered into force since 2000. The recent proliferation of agreements, particularly bilateral and regional agreements, is not unique to the United States. The European Union recently concluded trade agreement negotiations with Canada, Singapore, and Vietnam to add to its twenty-seven agreements in force and is negotiating approximately ten additional bilateral or multilateral agreements. In the Asia-Pacific Region, the number of regional and bilateral free trade agreements has grown exponentially since the conclusion of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Free Trade Area of 1992. At that time, the region counted five such agreements in force. Today, the number totals 140 with another seventy-nine under negotiation or awaiting entry into force. The People's Republic of China is negotiating half a dozen bilateral trade agreements at present to top off the sixteen already in effect. India likewise is engaged in at least ten trade agreement negotiations. The World Trade Organization (WTO) reports 267 agreements of this sort in force among its members as of July 1, 2016.

Exploiting the Trade Potential from Integration: Analysing the Impact of Free Trade Agreements between ASEAN and India and China

China Report ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Xuan Trung ◽  
Nguyen Duc Hung ◽  
Nguyen Thi Hien
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Estimation

In this article, we use the technique of stochastic frontier estimation for the structural gravity model to analyse Vietnam’s bilateral trade and evaluate its exploitation of trade efficiency before and after its free trade agreements (FTAs) with China and India entered into force. The results from Vietnam’s bilateral trade data between 2000 and 2015 show that the ASEAN–India Free Trade Agreement (AIFTA) has had a positive impact on Vietnam’s bilateral trade flows while we found a remarkably negative effect on Vietnam’s exports but not imports after the entry into force of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). In addition, Vietnam’s participation in the regional trade agreements (RTAs) and FTAs has significantly reduced the costs of trade over time, and these impacts on Vietnam’s imports are much higher than those on Vietnam's exports.

Taipei seeks new partners in post-TPP world

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bilateral Trade Agreement ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Subject Taiwan's trade policy. Significance Washington's abandonment of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), a comprehensive free trade agreement between economies on both sides of the Pacific Ocean, is prompting Taiwan to seek a new direction in trade policy. Taiwan’s president, Tsai Ing-wen, is seeking to increase trade and investment with partners other than China -- particularly with India and South-east Asia -- and pursue a bilateral trade agreement with the United States. Tsai's Presidential Office has already established a special office to promote trade links with India and South-east Asia. Impacts Taiwan will be subject to intense China-US rivalry, with both seeking to draw the island away from the other. Beijing will put pressure on Taipei to resume cross-Strait economic expansion efforts. Trade with India will expand, but will still be dwarfed by exports to China. Tsai's 'New Southbound Policy' initiative is unlikely to reduce Taiwan’s reliance on the China market significantly.

United States Requests Consultations Regarding Peru's Environmental Obligations Under Bilateral Trade Agreement

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-404
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Forest Governance ◽  
Bilateral Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Promotion

On January 4, 2019, the United States requested consultations with Peru with respect to its forest governance obligations under the 2007 United States – Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA). The PTPA has an environmental chapter with robust terms that were included largely at the insistence of members of Congress, reflecting concerns that a free trade agreement with Peru could increase the country's export of illegally logged wood to the United States. The request for consultations focused on Peru's decision to relocate its Agency for the Supervision of Forest Resources and Wildlife (OSINFOR) to within Peru's Ministry of Environment—a change that, in the view of the United States, “appears to conflict” with a PTPA obligation that “‘OSINFOR shall be an independent and separate agency.’”

Determinants of bilateral trade between China and Africa: a gravity model approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1038
Author(s):  
Zhijie Guan ◽  
Jim Kwee Fat Ip Ping Sheong
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Model Approach

PurposeThe main purpose of this paper is to analyse the different factors affecting Sino-African trade based on the gravity model, and propose some solutions to improve the problems.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on an extended gravity model, including trade agreement and recession as explanatory variables. The impacts of trade agreement and economic recession on Sino-African imports and exports are examined.FindingsThe results show that the product of GDP affects African exports to China significantly and negatively, and affects African imports from China positively. Real exchange rate affects African exports to China positively, and affects African imports from China negatively. Population affect African exports to China significantly and positively, and affect African imports from China positively. Recession have negative effects on both African imports from China and exports to China but is only significant for imports. Agreement affects African imports from China and exports to China positively. Our findings confirm the impact of economic recession, and imply that the structure of African product exported to China should be improved, and trade agreements should be reinforced.Originality/valueThis paper contributes and extends the literature on Sino-African trade by improving the traditional gravity model to include the impact of all trade agreements, and their aggregating effects on trade. The paper also seeks to assess the trade impact of economic recession through a dynamic gravity model approach for which there has been no research done to our knowledge. In this regard, it provides new understanding of the trade pattern between China and Africa, and ways in improving the Sino-African bilateral trade.

Australia/US/China Preferential Trade Negotiations: Building Alliances and Realizing Workers' Rights to a `Voice at the Table'

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-672
Author(s):  
Chris Nyland ◽  
Elizabeth Ann Maharaj ◽  
Anne O'Rourke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Negotiations ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
Bilateral Trade Agreement ◽  
Alliance Building

When the Australian and Chinese governments announced their intention to negotiate a bilateral trade agreement this news generated apprehension among employee bodies. This was because many workers believe China's competitiveness is underpinned by its government's refusal to allow China's workers to realize basic labour rights and because Australian labour and the wider community has been unable to participate in the debate surrounding the proposed agreement. The latter concern is the focus of this article. We accept organized labour has a right to `sit at the table' when trade policy is being determined and that the union movement needs to forge effective alliances if it is to achieve this goal. To assist this process we draw on submissions generated by the United States—Australia (AUSFTA) and Australia—China (ACFTA) trade agreements to argue that Australian unions and civil society groupings can influence the outcome of bilateral trade negotiations and in so doing offer suggestions regarding the issues likely to be most conducive to alliance building.

scholarly journals The Impact of Trade Agreement on Agricultural Trade Flow in West Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Christiana Manu
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Flow ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This paper analysed the impact of trade agreements on agricultural trade flow in West Africa. The study used 25 major trading partners of Ghana for 25 years between 1995 and 2019. Using the Gravity econometric model, this study finds that being a member of the trade agreement (FTA) is positively related to the aggregate flow of trade in agriculture. Trade agreements are found to increase trade flow with trading in agricultural products; especially trading partners in ECOWAS, if members agree on free trade in such products. The result shows that Ghana’s bilateral exports significantly increase with an increase in domestic and partner wages, and with distance, they decrease significantly. FTA was found to be a positive and significant determinant of Ghana’s bilateral trade in the long and the short run as well. Therefore, when there is a free trade agreement between countries, they tend to trade more among themselves than countries without the trade agreement.

CONFLICTS AND DELAYS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250010
Author(s):  
JUNG HUR
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Compensation Scheme ◽  
International Trade Agreements ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Bilateral Trade Agreement ◽  
Policy Agendas ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Motivated by the current delay in WTO negotiations, we consider a model of a bilateral trade agreement in the presence of asymmetric cross-border externalities. In this model, we show that both countries conflict in their preferred set of policy agendas and thus have incentives to delay their negotiations. We also find that the extent of delay depends on the level of transfer between them. These results imply an importance of bilateral compensation scheme between developing and developed countries in the current WTO negotiations so as to reduce the delays.

scholarly journals The trade and economic cooperation between Ukraine and Canada in the context of the free trade agreement

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-155
Author(s):  
Nadiia Kryvenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
The World

Introduction. Deepening of trade and economic cooperation between the countries remains one of driving forces for their economic development, especially in the context of globalization. Thus, developed countries are the largest exporters and importers in the world market, and special attention is paid to the sale of finished products. The conclusion of regional trade agreements between countries promote development of trade , as trade policy is one of the main issues in them, they take into account the degree of processing of products, the terms of liberalization, quotas and others. Ukraine is also trying to diversifу export and increase its volume as a result of the conclusion of Free Trade Agreements, in particular with Canada. Purpose. Explore the trade and economic relations between Ukraine and Canada, taking into account the Free Trade Agreement and determine the complementarity of relations of countries. Methods. The methods of theoretical generalization, analysis, economic-mathematical modeling, comparison and etc. were used in the work. Results. The artticle emphasizes growth of RTA in the world between countries of different continents and levels of economic development, in particular for example Ukraine and Canada. The development of cooperation between these countries through the study of legal documents concluded by them and the dynamics of bilateral trade is considered. The conclusion of RTA by Canada and Ukraine with a number of other countries is noted, with the selection of the most influential ones, in particular NAFTA and USMCA. The commodity diversification of Canada’s exports and imports, bilateral trade with Ukraine are analyzed, and its increase is observed both in general and in the last years after the conclusion of the Agreement, trade in agrarian products is highlighted. The resulting indicators of trade development between the countries were also calculated, the level of complementarity of the commodity structure of foreign trade of Ukraine and Canada was determined, which indicates the prospects for the development of cooperation between them. The issues of liberalization in the context of the concluded Free Trade Agreement, export requirements are considered, the possible consequences for Ukraine as a result of the concluded Agreement and measures to promote the deepening of trade are presented. Discussion. In the future, we should focus on the research of trade of individual sectors of the economy, commodity diversification of exports and ways of its deepening, the competitiveness of products, increase total export of Canada and Ukraine.

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