Erdogan prepares to intervene in Libyan civil war

Significance The deployment of Turkish troops to protect the Tripoli-based Government of National Accord (GNA) and intervene in Libya’s civil war looks increasingly likely. GNA Prime Minister Fayez Serraj met Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Istanbul on December 15. Serraj and the Turkish authorities have created a detailed legal and institutional framework for partnership affecting not just Libya but also Turkey’s disputes with its neighbours over rights in the Eastern Mediterranean. Impacts A new round of EU sanctions on Libya could be on the way. United Arab Emirates and Egyptian support for Haftar will probably grow. A swift military resolution in Libya is unlikely, with Turkey preferring to deploy air power, including drones.

Significance He did not name a new prime minister. Over July 25-26, Saied dismissed Prime Minister Hicham Mechichi, dissolved his government, suspended parliament for 30 days, lifted parliamentary immunity and declared himself chief prosecutor, triggering Tunisia’s worst political crisis in a decade. Impacts The Ennahda party could be persecuted once again, this time on corruption charges, as the reconciliation offered excludes its members. Tunisia may become a new ideological battleground, pitting Turkey and Qatar against the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia and Egypt. The EU, the United States and Algeria have some influence on Tunisia and could perhaps play a moderating role.


Subject Outlook for Pakistan-Gulf relations. Significance Pakistan's parliament last month voted against joining the Saudi-led military intervention in Yemen. Since then Pakistan's Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and Chief of Army Staff Raheel Sharif have visited Riyadh to clarify the decision, reassuring Saudi Arabia of Pakistan's support in case of any external aggression against the kingdom. The Yemen intervention has exposed some faultlines in the relationship between the two allies, as well as in Pakistan's ties with other members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), some of whom -- most notably the United Arab Emirates (UAE) -- described Pakistan's decision as "dangerous and unexpected". Impacts Pakistan will lose leverage in GCC states as the latter opt to provide aid via multilateral, international mechanisms. Islamabad will be reluctant to share nuclear technology with GCC states -- primarily for fear of provoking Washington. China will increasingly become Pakistan's preferred diplomatic and economic partner, despite a degree of mutual suspicion.


Significance The Dail convened on March 10 to elect a taoiseach (prime minister), but no nominee was able to attract the support of anything close to a majority. Impacts Ireland's problems including the decline in public services are unlikely to be addressed while a caretaker government is in place. Substantial delays in forming a new government could raise Irish bond prices. The future of Irish Water, a body set up to deal with water supply problems whose abolition was demanded by the opposition, is uncertain. The crisis may bring about a long-promised reform of the way the Dail operates, giving it a larger and more constructive role.


Significance The fighting started on January 28, when the secessionist Southern Transitional Council (STC) acted on its threat to topple the Saudi-backed government, taking control of most of the city and besieging the prime minister. The STC draws support from militias including salafi fighters recruited, trained and equipped by the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Impacts The STC will struggle to build its support outside Aden in areas such as Abyan. STC efforts to put forward a political programme could create disunity, given the wide range of ideologies among its supporters. The Saudi-led coalition will invest more resources in improving living conditions in southern Yemen. Crisis contained, the coalition will refocus military efforts to capture the long-disputed central town of Taiz.


Subject Outlook for the Janata Parivar. Significance In mid-April, six leading regional parties merged to form the 'Janata Parivar' (or People's Family, JP) to challenge Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government. The JP has been provoked, in part, by the way that the BJP is pushing reforms to land acquisition laws despite widespread opposition, and converting its 2014 general election triumph into many regional election victories. Impacts The JP will oppose subsidy cuts and the BJP's Hindu nationalist cultural agenda. The land acquisition amendment may be the most serious casualty of political opposition to Modi. Regional parties will attempt to balance market and welfare interests, highlighting (but not mitigating) rising inequality.


Significance A recent upsurge in fighting has undermined the Geneva talks which the truce was supposed to facilitate. The collapse of the talks and truce could pave the way to a regime offensive on the rebels' most important stronghold, Aleppo. Impacts Clinton presidency might be more willing to provide covert military backing to moderate rebels and take a harder line on Assad's removal. A major offensive on Aleppo would cause large new refugee flows towards the Turkish border. Pro-regime forces lack manpower to defeat the rebellion definitively, but can weaken it seriously.


Significance Three female candidates lead the polls at this point. However, all three face legal challenges to their candidacies, raising the prospect that some may be barred before June. With corruption set to be the key electoral issue, all presidential hopefuls will strive to present themselves as the cleanest candidate as campaigning kicks off in earnest. Impacts The election of an anti-corruption candidate could pave the way for the CICIG’s mandate to be reinstated. A new president would enable a reset of relations with Washington, which is becoming increasingly critical of the Morales administration. The new administration could halt controversial proposed legal changes to allow amnesties for civil war human rights abusers.


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Melodena Stephens Balakrishnan

Subject area Entrepreneurship and strategy. Study level/applicability Undergraduate and graduates. Case overview This is a case that can be used to teach advanced undergraduate classes or lower-level master's level classes in the areas of strategy, leadership and entrepreneurship. The case will appeal to SMEs, policymakers in the area of entrepreneurship funding, incubators and other funding firms associated with entrepreneurs. Expected learning outcomes As the case is specific to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) – it can be used to study UAE or the Middle East North Africa region. Ideally, students should be encouraged to read up on the region/country prior to studies. They should also understand the need and state of entrepreneurship in the region. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.


Significance Uncertainty about whether Moscow will lift its suspension of flights from June 1 is discouraging Russian tourism into mid-summer. Turkey’s growing defence ties with Ukraine, its higher profile in the Caucasus and President Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s revival of plans for a canal bypassing the Bosphorus threaten to upset Ankara’s delicately balanced relations with Moscow. Impacts Russia will seek to strengthen ties further with Iran and Egypt, Turkey’s rivals in the Caucasus and Eastern Mediterranean. Moscow will be less willing to accommodate Ankara at platforms such as the Astana Process set up to resolve the Syrian civil war. Work on Turkey’s first nuclear power station, being built at Akkuyu by Russia’s Atomstroyexport, is likely to experience further delays.


Significance Serraj assumed his post shortly after the Government of National Accord (GNA) came into existence in December 2015. However, four years on and the prime minister has failed to overcome divisions. Partly, this is the result of external interference in Libya and deep divisions within the country, but Serraj’s own personality means he has not managed to build bridges. Impacts The longer the conflict continues, the higher the risk of outside forces dictating the outcome. Turkey’s role as the GNA’s key backer will force Serraj to acquiesce to Turkish foreign policy. In the opposing camp, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates will continue to try to influence international policies towards Libya.


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