More nations will issue ultra-long sovereign bonds

Subject Ultra-long government bonds. Significance Interest rates are low while yield curves have flattened as longer-term bonds have appreciated more in capital terms than shorter-term instruments. In this environment, issuing sovereign bonds that will mature in 50 or 100 years is becoming increasingly popular with governments. Impacts Further government bond issuance will add to the already high global debt mountain. The combination of investors searching relentlessly for high yielding assets and populations ageing could push interest rates even lower. Many emerging markets are cutting interest rates, making ultra-long bonds more attractive; more governments will issue such bonds. Rising inflation and interest rates would reverse currently supportive bond market conditions and decimate demand for ultra-long bonds.

Author(s):  
Oleksandra Vіvchar ◽  
◽  
Solomiia Papirnyk ◽  

The article provides an applied analysis of Ukraine's public debt, in particular in the context of the feasibility of optimizing its structure. The comparison of internal and external borrowings is made, the main shortcomings and advantages of each of these ways of mobilization of financial resources are revealed. Given the hypothesis of the need to increase domestic public debt compared to external, special attention is paid to the study of the main financial instrument through which the state raises funds in the domestic market - domestic government bonds of Ukraine. The dynamics of data volumes of debt securities with an emphasis on crisis periods in both the world and domestic economies was also studied. In addition, the structure of domestic government bonds of Ukraine in circulation was considered on the basis of the owner. This made it possible to identify the main players in the domestic government bond market, as well as the motives that motivate them to increase their own portfolio of domestic government bonds of Ukraine. In order to determine the prospects for increasing the volume of output of these instruments of the Ukrainian stock market, their comparative analysis with alternative types of investments. Particular attention in this aspect is paid to the comparison of IGLBs with deposits, which today are considered the simplest, clearest and most proven way to invest money for individuals. An important role in this study is given to the analysis of key problems of the domestic government bond market, which have haunted the domestic economy since the independence of Ukraine. The main successes achieved in recent years by the Public Debt Management Office of Ukraine with the support of representatives of international financial organizations in terms of optimizing the domestic securities market are presented. The main steps that need to be taken for further real transformation of the debt securities market in Ukraine and which in the long run will reduce Ukraine's financial dependence on external creditors, in particular their requirements in the political and economic arena, are also outlined.


Significance The rise in yields is stirring memories of the 2013 ‘taper tantrum’, which led to a dramatic decline in emerging market (EM) currencies and local bonds, prompting three years of net outflows from EM debt and equity funds. Investor fears of US tightening have risen with growth and inflation expectations. Impacts If the trade-weighted dollar index rises further, this will threaten EM currencies, especially those with large dollar-denominated debts. The Brent oil price has gained 70% since November to USD68 per barrel but further upside is limited, with no commodities ‘supercycle’ ahead. Recent moves fuel fears of the normally staid US bond market becoming volatile; stable ten-year Chinese yields are being seen as a haven.


Significance While futures markets are assigning a 28% probability to a rate hike this month, emerging markets (EMs) are likely to remain under strain regardless of whether the Fed tightens policy or decides to wait longer. While a rate hike in September is likely to strengthen the dollar, putting further pressure on EM currencies, a delay risks being perceived by investors as an indication of the severity of the China-induced market turbulence. Impacts The rise in US interest rates has been well anticipated and will prove less disorderly than the 2013 'taper tantrum'. The strong dollar will put strain on fixed exchange rate regimes, such as dollar pegs in Africa and the Middle East. The benefits to EM exports from the declines in local currencies will be offset by the slump in China's demand.


Significance Global markets are being unsettled by a confluence of negative factors, especially a sell-off in government bonds that has raised the yield on 10-year US Treasuries by 10 basis points to 3.16%, 35 basis points higher than in August. The fierce moves in fixed income are reviving fears about a full-blown bear market in bonds. Impacts Widening policy divergence will boost the dollar; 10-year US Treasury yields are rising faster than their German and Japanese equivalents. Pressure will persist on fragile emerging markets (EMs) and the entire asset class; investors have sold EM equity and bonds in October. Spreads on dollar-denominated EM corporate bonds fell this month, defying worries about high EM corporate debts, but fears will persist.


Subject Negative yields. Significance Bonds with negative yields to maturity (NYTM) account for about 17 trillion dollars of outstanding government bonds, including the entire German Bund curve. NYTM have been embedded in the Japanese market since 2016. Yield-to-maturity (YTM) calculations are theoretical, as if interest rates turn positive over the lifetime of the bond, investors can still earn a positive return as they can reinvest the coupons. However, the German Debt Agency has started issuing zero-coupon bonds, locking investors into a negative return. Impacts Even more negative ECB interest rates on deposits will further squeeze euro-area banks, and their share prices will languish. A euro-area bank flagging that its equity and reserves cushion has eroded and it may collapse may be taken into public ownership. Germany’s NYTM experience is deeper and is occurring faster than in Japan (where institutions have had more time to adapt), raising risks.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Intan Permanasari ◽  
Augustina Kurniasih

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of inflation, interest rates, the rupiah exchange rate, and the US 10-Year Treasury on the Indonesian Government Bond Yield. The study population was all yield tenors of the benchmark series Government bonds for the period 2017 to 2019. This study is an associative causality study. The research sample is Indonesian government bonds with a tenor of 10 years. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression approach. The results show that inflation and US 10-Year Treasury have no effect on the Indonesian Government Bond Yield. Interest rates and the rupiah exchange rate have a positive and significant effect on the Indonesian Government Bond Yield.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257313
Author(s):  
Tanweer Akram ◽  
Syed Al-Helal Uddin

This paper empirically models the dynamics of Brazilian government bond (BGB) yields based on monthly macroeconomic data, in the context of the evolution of the key macroeconomic variables in Brazil. The results show that the current short-term interest rate has a decisive influence on the long-term interest rate on BGBs, after controlling for various key macroeconomic variables, such as inflation and industrial production. These findings support John Maynard Keynes’s claim that the central bank’s actions influence the long-term interest rate on government bonds mainly through the current short-term interest rate. These findings have important policy implications for Brazil. This paper relates the findings of the estimated models to ongoing debates in fiscal and monetary policies.


Significance Despite aggressive easing by both the Bank of Japan (BoJ) and the ECB, including negative interest rates, the lowering of expectations over the scale and pace of rate hikes by the US Federal Reserve (Fed) has negated their attempts to weaken their currencies and thus boost export-driven growth. This is heightening concern that ultra-loose monetary policies have passed the point where they can revive growth and inflation. Impacts Despite the recent improvement due to the oil price rebound since mid-February, sentiment towards EM currencies will remain fragile. The still strong demand for 'safe-haven' assets, such as German government bonds and gold, implies investors will remain cautious. Negative deposit rates will further undermine banks' earnings, amid persistent concerns about capital levels. Central banks will reach the limits of their capacity to promote growth without fiscal support from governments.


Subject CEE markets' resilience to China-induced sell-off. Significance While investor sentiment towards emerging markets (EMs) has deteriorated further because of mounting concerns about China's economy and financial markets, the currencies and government bonds of the main Central-East European (CEE) economies have proved remarkably resilient. Even equity markets, which have suffered sharp falls across the EM asset class, have fared better than in other regions, with Polish, Hungarian and Czech stocks falling by 5.0-6.0% in dollar terms in August, compared with 10.0% and 9.5% for emerging Asian and Latin American shares, respectively. CEE markets' resilience stems from the region's negligible trade and financial linkages to China, relatively strong fundamentals and the sentiment-boosting effects of the ECB's programme of quantitative easing (QE). Impacts EMs' significantly stronger fundamentals make comparisons between the current China-led sell-off and earlier crises in the 1990s misleading. There will continue to be a strong correlation between CEE financial markets and price action in the euro-area. The ECB's full-blown QE should help mitigate the adverse effects of a rise in US interest rates. Very high foreign participation in Polish and Hungarian government debt poses a risk should sentiment towards EMs deteriorate more sharply.


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