TRENDS IN CYBERSECURITY REGULATIONS OF TAIWAN (REPUBLIC OF CHINA) – Phases of Pro motion of major cyber security plans and programs in the National Cyber Security Program of Taiwan (2021–2024)

The authors of the article focus on the main trends observed within cyber security regulations of Taiwan (Republic of China). In fact, Taiwanese governmental websites faced approximately 5 million attacks every day in 2021 [8]. Despite these attacks, the Taiwanese government operates in a steady way to improve its cyber capability, progressing on its cyber security increase path. The main document behind it in the form of strategic regulation is the National Cyber Security Program of Taiwan (NCSP 2021–2024). It explains the structure of the entities responsible for cyber security and describes both goals that have been accomplished and the ones that are/will be implemented. In particular, Taiwan focuses on providing higher cyber security protection standards, including critical infrastructure elements, private-public cooperation, the use of new technologies, and scouting for new talents. International collaboration is also highly valued as an example of joint cyber exercises between Taiwan and the USA in 2019.

Taiwanese Higher Education in Times of Change: The Implications of the New Policy 2018

This paper explores the potential consequences of the Higher Education Sprout Project (hesp) announced by the Ministry of Education (moe) in March 2018. In the fast-changing global arena of higher education, the Taiwanese government is striving for excellence in the performance of its higher education. Together with other East Asian countries like Japan, Korea, and Singapore, Taiwan officially entered the competition of global university ranking in 2006 when the government initiated the first round of the Aim for Top University Project (atup). After two five-year atup rounds, moe reviewed the results and started to revise the policy. Consequently, hesp was proposed and implemented. In this paper, we explicate the context of changing higher education landscape in Taiwan since 1994, the year the most recent education reform started. The discussion then moves to the issues emerging from the nationwide atup project. During the ten years of atup, most Taiwanese universities were influenced by the directions the project established. However, there has been criticism of atup and its outcome was severely in question. After reviewing the atup, the hesp came out in 2018. We analyse the policy as well as address its potential influences on universities in Taiwan.

The Investability of PV Systems under Descending Feed-In Tariffs: Taiwan Case

The Taiwanese government has set an energy transition roadmap of 20% renewable energy supply by 2025, including a 20 GW installed PV capacity target, composed of 8 GW rooftop and 12 GW ground-mounted systems. The main trend of feed-in tariffs is downwards, having fallen by 50% over a ten-year period. Predicting the future ten-year equity internal rate of return (IRR) in this study, we examine the investability of PV systems in Taiwan when subsidies and investment costs descend. We have found that the projected subsidies scheme favours investment in small-sized PV systems. Unless the investment costs of medium-sized PV systems fall or subsidies rise over the next decade, investing in medium-sized PV systems will be less attractive. Nonlinear and linear degradation causes slight IRR differences when using higher-reliability modules.

GOVERNMENT POLICIES STRATEGY IN DEALING WITH THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK: LESSONS FROM TAIWAN’S EXPERIENCE

This article contributes to the field of public policy and provides a concrete figure of how the government's policy strategy in combating the Covid-19 epidemic. Taiwan was very much situated to respond rapidly and viably to the Covid-19 outbreak. Taiwan's involvement in SARS in 2003 helped drive the government to respond quickly to the rising emergency. Taiwan is not a member of the WHO, but the strategies carried out by the Taiwanese government can provide lessons and examples for other countries. The method used in this research are observation and literature study, looking for theoretical references that are relevant to cases or problems regarding the handling of the covid-19 outbreak in Taiwan. The aftereffects of this study demonstrate that, Taiwan is not just a guide of majority rule government, yet in addition living evidence that control of a rising infection can be accomplished through science, innovation, and democratic governance. No radical despotic measures are required. The government responded rapidly and conclusively in January, by establishing early travel limitations, turning out testing, and stating control of clinical stockpile lines. Taiwan additionally perceived the potential for human-to-human transmission before China or the WHO did. Through these measures, Taiwan has had the option to maintain a strategic distance from the kind of clearing lockdowns actualized the world over.

Taiwan's budgetary responses to COVID-19: the use of special budgets

PurposeThe authors examine the Taiwanese government's budgetary responses to COVID-19, with a focus on the special budgets created for containing the virus, undertaking bailouts and providing economic stimulus. The authors assess the short-term and long-term fiscal implications of the budgetary measures and discuss how Taiwan's experiences could provide lessons for other countries for future emergencies.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collect data from Taiwan's official documents and news reports and compare the special budgets proposed by the Taiwanese government during the Great Recession and the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors discuss lessons learned from the 2008–09 special budget and possible concerns of the 2020 special budgets. In the conclusions, the authors discuss potential long-term implications for Taiwan's budgetary system as well as possible lessons for other countries based on Taiwan's experiencesFindingsThe authors found that the 2008–09 special budgets focused only on economic stimulus, whereas the 2020 special budgets covered COVID-19 treatments, bailouts and economic stimulus. In 2020, the Taiwanese government devised targeted bailout plans for industries and individuals most affected by the pandemic and created the Triple Stimulus Vouchers to boost the economy. Since the special budgets were largely funded through borrowing, the authors pointed out concerns for fiscal sustainability and intergenerational equity.Originality/valueCOVID-19 has changed how the world functions massively. This work adds to the literature on COVID-19 by providing Taiwan's budgetary responses to the pandemic. This work also identifies ways for Taiwan to improve the existing budgetary system and discusses lessons for other countries.

South Korea’s and Taiwan’s Territorial Disputes with Japan, 1990s to 2018

South Korea and Taiwan are former Japanese colonies that have undergone similar processes of state-building since WWII. But they have chosen different rhetorical frameworks in their maritime disputes with Japan. In South Korea, negotiating with Japan can be viewed as threatening the country’s independence and pride, whereas in the Taiwanese government, cooperation with Japan is considered mutually beneficial. Why have these two countries taken such divergent stances toward Japan? This article examines the territorial disputes between South Korea and Japan over Dokdo, and between Taiwan and Japan over the Senkaku Islands. It sets forth a rhetorical framework of comparison, and it proposes a constructivist perspective in understanding South Korea’s and Taiwan’s legitimation strategies toward Japan from the late 1990s to 2018. This comparative study suggests that the differences between their legitimation strategies can be traced to their different colonial experiences with Japan.

The Influence of Christianity on the Indigenous Languages of Taiwan: a Bunun Case Study

This paper discusses two major ways in which the introduction of Christianity exerted an important influence on the Bunun language. In the second half of the twentieth century, Christian churches were instrumental in the protection of indigenous languages, including Bunun, against the cultural and linguistic unification policies of the Taiwanese government. In a different way, work on Bible translation in Bunun has resulted in the creation of a pan-dialectal religious vocabulary and led to the creation of a de facto standard variant of the language based on the Isbukun dialect. Today, a complex relationship exists between this written standard and other Bunun dialects.

Taiwanese Students’ Considering Factors and Practical Suggestions Toward Studying Abroad in New Southbound Policy Countries

In 2017, Taiwanese government started to implement New Southbound Policy. For this policy, strengthening the cultivation and exchange of skilled people, or “talent,” between Taiwan and the southbound countries (NSPC) is the most important purpose. Notably, current data revealed that students of NSPC are more likely to study abroad in Taiwan; moreover, previous studies have explored this phenomenon called as ‘Global South to Global North’, which means the experience of students from developing countries studying in developed countries. However, compared to students of NSPC, the number of Taiwanese students studying abroad in NSPC is relatively less. To our understanding, no studies have explored what the causes for the above are. Therefore, this is a pioneer study to explore the perspectives of the students from developed countries toward studying abroad in developing countries, so that we can understand what are the main factors which may be considered when Taiwanese students consider studying abroad to NSPC (except for Singapore, Australia, and New Zealand). The mixed methods design was adopted in this study. 147 Taiwanese students accepted the questionnaire survey, 8 Taiwanese students were interviewed. The results indicated that, the following three factors are mainly taken into consideration by Taiwanese students when considering studying abroad to NSPC: academic, economic, and personal factor. Moreover, the results also echoed with the perspective of rational choice theory, which means the above three factors will be considered by students rationally, thereby influencing their decision-making on studying abroad. Furthermore, three suggestions were proposed for promoting Taiwanese students to study abroad in new southbound countries: first, Taiwanese government could assist public to broaden their understanding of these countries; second, Taiwanese government could provide students more necessary information such as the prominent academic subjects and its development in these countries, thereby helping them make decision on studying abroad in NSPC. Third, Taiwanese government could create more working opportunities for these Taiwanese students who graduate from NSPC.

Sacred, Secular, and Neosacred Governments in China and Taiwan

This chapter explores a puzzle in comparative religion–state relations: both the atheist Chinese communist government and the democratic Taiwanese government have substantially restored the traditional, pluralistic, religious state of Chinese dynasties. After 1949, the Chinese government and the Taiwanese government developed different types of religion–state relations. The Chinese Communist government initially aimed to eliminate all religions but lost its religious legitimacy. After 1979, it swiftly established a Leninist religious state that would regain its religious legitimacy but maintain its dominance over all other religions. Similarly, the Taiwanese government started with a quasi-Leninist state to keep religions at arm’s-length. But after the lifting of martial law in 1987, the Taiwanese government gradually developed a democratic religious state by which religious freedom and equality are maximized. Both the Chinese government and the Taiwanese government developed neosacred states with differential impacts on religious freedom and equality.