Financial performance and gender diversity. The effect of family management after a decade attempt

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kofi Mintah Oware ◽  
Thathaiah Mallikarjunappa
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Family Management ◽  
Social Role Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
And Gender

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate family management, financial performance and gender diversity of listed firms. Design/methodology/approach Using the India stock market as a testing ground, this paper used descriptive statistics and panel regression with random effect assumptions in the analysis of 800 firm-year observations between 2010 and 2019. Findings The findings show that an improvement in stock price returns leads to a corresponding increase in women employment. Also, the study shows that an increase in family-managed firms leads to a decrease in the number of women employed in listed firms. This paper speculates using the social role theory that family involvement may see women as the weaker vessel and with a role to concentrate on raising children and handling house affairs. The consequence is a decrease in women employment. The study also shows that the interactive variable of financial performance (return on assets and return on equity) × family-managed firms still causes a decrease in women employment. This paper perceives that managers in family-managed firms see women as weaker vessels and home managers which is consistent with the Indian culture. The results are robust after controlling for endogeneity. Research limitations/implications The research study is limited to large firms on the Indian stock market that submit sustainability reports and also used a single country data that can potentially limit the generalisation of the study. Originality/value No studies have combined social role theory in examining the effect of family management on gender diversity in the emerging markets.

Gender Differences in the Psychology of Competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin J. Hanek
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Role Theory ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Competitive Environments ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender

Drawing primarily on the literature in experimental economics and social psychology, this article reviews key findings on gender differences for two aspects of competitiveness and competition: entry preferences and performance. Although women, relative to men, have been shown to shy away from competition and underperform in competitive environments, this article also discusses boundary conditions for these effects, such as the nature of the task or gender composition of the group, and highlights manifestations of these effects in applied domains, including in negotiations, the labor market, educational settings, and sports. Adopting social psychological frameworks of prescriptive norms and stereotypes, particularly social role theory, this article examines ways in which gender-incongruencies may underpin gender gaps in competition and gender-congruencies may alleviate them. Finally, this article considers implications for individuals and institutions as well as future directions in the field to continue finding ways to close gaps.

Corporate governance and financial performance of state-owned enterprises in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Ochien’g Abang’a ◽  
Venancio Tauringana ◽  
David Wang’ombe ◽  
Laura Obwona Achiro
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Code Of Corporate Governance

Purpose This paper aims to report the results of an investigation into the effect of aggregate and individual corporate governance factors on the financial performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Kenya. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses balanced panel data regression analysis on a sample of 45 SOEs in Kenya for a four-year period (2015–2018). Findings The panel data analysis results show that board meetings, board skill and gender diversity individual provisions of corporate governance are significantly and positively associated with capital budget realization ratio (CBRR). Moreover, the study finds that aggregate corporate governance disclosure index, board sub-committees, board size and independent non-executive directors are positive but insignificantly related to CBRR. Research limitations/implications The current study is based on secondary data, other methods of knowledge inquiry such as interviews and questionnaires may provide additional insights on the effectiveness of corporate governance on financial performance. Practical implications Overall, the results imply that corporate governance influences the performance of SOEs in Kenya. The results suggest that Mwongozo Code of Corporate Governance provisions should be changed to increase the number of women representations on board and the number of directors with doctoral qualifications because of their positive impact on the financial performance of SOEs in Kenya. Also, policymakers with remit over SOEs should re-evaluate why other corporate governance appear not to have an impact with a view of making the necessary changes. Originality/value The paper contributes to the dearth of literature on the efficacy of corporate governance on the financial performance of SOEs in developing countries.

Impact of firm performance and corporate governance mechanisms on intellectual capital disclosures in CEO statements

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghassan H. Mardini ◽  
Fathia Elleuch Lahyani
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Three Components

PurposeUsing agency theory and impression management theory, this study examines the impact of financial performance (FP) and corporate governance (CG) mechanisms on the extent of intellectual capital disclosures (ICDs) and the three components within the CEO statement – human capital (HC), structural capital (SC) and relational capital (RC).Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a sample of non-financial SPF-120 French listed firms to capture the relevant variables; it collects data for 2010–2017, using a panel data technique to run the random effects regressions.FindingsThe study finds that FP, measured using both market (Tobin's q) and accounting (return on equity and return on assets) indicators, plays a vital role in the extent of ICDs and the three components in the CEO statement published by SPF-120 companies. This confirms its impact on the decision-making needs of stakeholders. Among the CG mechanisms, this study finds that cultural diversity and gender diversity affect some ICD components. Moreover, CEO characteristics such as age, education and role duality affect ICD, while institutional ownership drives the extent of such disclosures.Practical implicationsOur findings have comprehensive implications for managers of French listed firms, the Autorité des Marchés Financiers, and stakeholders in general.Originality/valueThis study provides significant insights by investigating the impact of FP, CG and company characteristics on the extent of the ICDs published in CEO statements.

How traditional gender roles hurt both women and men: negative processes and outcomes in mixed-gender negotiations

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuvana Rua ◽  
Zeynep Aytug ◽  
Nastaran Simarasl ◽  
Lianlian Lin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
Role Congruity Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Role Congruity ◽  
Congruity Theory ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Mixed Gender

Purpose Based on the social role theory, role congruity theory and gender role conflict theory, this paper aims to investigate the mediating role of “relationship conflict” in the association between traditional gender role (TGR) endorsement and objective and subjective negotiation outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Two experimental negotiation studies (n1 = 138, n2 = 128) were conducted at a US university. Findings This paper presents three original and noteworthy findings: One, in mixed-gender negotiations, as a dyad’s TGR endorsement increases, final agreements become significantly more likely to favor men than women. Two, in mixed-gender negotiations, TGR endorsement is significantly associated with a decreased ability to establish a pleasant, mutually satisfactory and successful business relationship, resulting in a possible future economic cost due to lost opportunity. Three, the heightened relationship conflict during the negotiation mediates the negative association between TGR endorsement and women’s economic outcomes. Research limitations/implications Empirical findings support social role theory, role congruity theory and gender role conflict theory. The use of a distributive negotiation case and laboratory research methodology may limit the generalizability of findings. Practical implications Findings about the detrimental effects of TGR in mixed-gender negotiations magnify the importance of becoming aware of our TGR orientations and their potential negative consequences on our long-term collaborations. Also, it is necessary to provide negotiation trainings to both genders with regard to gender-driven conflicts and offer tools to prevent or tackle such conflicts. Social implications Negotiations are among the most consequential of social interactions as their results have a substantial impact on individuals’ careers and financial outcomes. Understanding the effect of TGRs is paramount to improve female representation, participation and effectiveness in management and leadership. Mixed-gender negotiations such as collective equality bargaining, workplace social interactions, work-life balance discourse are critical to establishing gender equality and fairness in organizations and societies. Originality/value Understanding how gender influences negotiation processes and outcomes and using the findings to improve both genders’ negotiation success are crucial to establishing fairness and equity in society and business. This research attempts to close a gap in the literature by focusing on the potential function of gender role orientation in explaining gender differences in negotiation.

A social role perspective on trust repair

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1045-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayna Frawley ◽  
Jennifer A. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Social Role Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trust Repair ◽  
Gender Egalitarianism ◽  
And Training ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply insights from social role theory to trust repair, highlighting the underexplored implications of gender. Trust repair may be more difficult following violations that are incongruent with the transgressor’s gender role. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews research on trust repair, particularly Kim et al.’s (2004, 2006) discovery that apologizing with internal attributions is best for ability-related violations and denying responsibility is best for integrity-related violations. Propositions about trust repair are grounded in attribution and social role theory. Findings Trust violations may incur a bigger backlash when they are incongruent with gender roles, particularly for individuals in gender-incongruent professions and cultures with low gender egalitarianism. Men may find ability-related violations more difficult to repair. Women may find repairing benevolence and integrity-related violations more difficult. When apologies are offered, attributions that are consistent with gender roles (internal attributions for men, external attributions for women) may be most effective. Practical implications Gender can be a relevant factor in trust repair. Policies and training addressing conflict should consider how these differences manifest. Originality/value Gender role differences have largely been overlooked in trust repair. By integrating social role theory and exploring benevolence-based violations, this paper offers a more complete understanding of trust repair.

scholarly journals Diversity of the Board of Directors and Financial Performance of the Firms

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11687
Author(s):  
Felipe Arenas-Torres ◽  
Miguel Bustamante-Ubilla ◽  
Roberto Campos-Troncoso
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Nationality Diversity

The diversity of the board of directors continues to be a matter of concern for investors, regulators, and the general public. In this sense, the purpose of the research presented was to identify whether there is a positive and significant impact between the diverse variables of the board of directors and the financial performance of the firms. In this context, the study’s objective was to determine if the diversity in the composition of the boards of directors has a positive and significant impact on the financial performance of the companies listed in the Chilean stock market. The study considered a sample of 1106 reports on social responsibility and sustainable development between the 2015–2020 period and their respective returns. The research was descriptive-correlational, which determined the incidence of gender, nationality, and age diversity in the financial performance of the firms. The results show, in general, a low degree of gender and nationality diversity in Chilean boards. However, a positive and significant impact is observed in the commercial sector, nationality diversity, and the construction and gender diversity axis. In this regard, the study allows confirming the heterogeneity of results by linking the variables of diversity and financial performance and the importance of conducting sufficiently disaggregated studies to understand the relationship between both types of variables. Finally, this study updates the diversity levels of the board of directors for the Chilean stock market and establishes challenges for the regulator in terms of gender quotas and good corporate governance practices.

Does female representation on corporate boards improve intellectual capital efficiency?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 680-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Farooq ◽  
Ammad Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Capital Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between female representation on corporate boards and intellectual capital (IC) efficiency – while prior studies focus on the relationship between gender diversity and firms’ financial performance. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on data from top 500 UK listed firms for 2007–2016 (3,279 firm-years), this study employs an adjusted-value-added intellectual coefficient as a measure of IC efficiency. Further, the two-step system-generalised method of moments has been applied to account for endogeneity issues. Findings The results reveal a significant positive relationship between female representation on boards and IC efficiency, including human capital, structural/innovation capital and financial capital efficiency. These results are robust to alternative proxies for the independent variable and difference-in-difference estimation. Practical implications The results posit that female representation on boards is associated with IC efficiency, which is vital for firms’ value creation and competitive advantage in the knowledge-economy era. The study also endorses current legislation to increase female representation on corporate boards. Originality/value This is among the limited studies to explore the role of female representation on boards in IC efficiency – while most prior studies relate IC efficiency to financial performance.

Entrepreneurs’ impact on the wider community: a comparative study of commercial beekeepers through the lens of social role theory

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Duarte Alonso ◽  
Michelle O’Shea ◽  
Seng Kok ◽  
Alessandro Bressan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Social Role Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Societal Expectations

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine how commercial beekeepers operating in two different nations perceive their role towards their community and society. The realms of role theory will be adopted. Design/methodology/approach Data among 144 commercial beekeepers operating in both New Zealand and the United Kingdom (UK) were gathered through an online questionnaire. The design of the questionnaire, which allowed extended comments from the participating commercial beekeepers, validated the use of the inductive analysis approach that enabled the emergence of various distinctive themes, and the development of a theoretical framework. Findings Participants from both New Zealand and UK recognised similar ways of making a positive impact. Moreover, they agreed that their contribution spanned from pollinating fields and orchards, to improving food production and preserving nature. Nevertheless, the two groups also differed in their views, notably, of the degree of knowledge or awareness among stakeholders concerning beekeepers’ contribution. Originality/value By using a comparative view of how commercial beekeepers perceive their role vis-à-vis their wider community, this study addresses a call for rethinking the social value added that emanates from entrepreneurial activities, and how such value can affect society. Furthermore, in adopting social role theory, the study proposes a framework where strong associations between the empirical results and the tenets of social role theory are revealed. This framework affords a lens through which food-producing activities aimed at balancing producers’ commercial and environmental imperatives and their relationship with broader societal expectations could be reflected upon.

scholarly journals How face threat sensitivity affects proactive negotiation behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14
Author(s):  
Edward W. Miles ◽  
Jeff Schatten ◽  
Elizabeth Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Social Role Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Threat Sensitivity ◽  
Negotiation Behavior ◽  
Face Threat ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Face threat sensitivity (FTS) has been found to influence objective negotiated outcomes when the threat to face is activated. The purpose of this study is to extend that research by testing whether FTS – which is defined as a propensity to act – is associated with the outcomes of negotiators when the threat has not been specifically activated. Face theory specifies that face threats can cause individuals to take proactive steps to avoid threats before they might occur. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on face theory and social role theory, the authors conduct a negotiation experiment and use hierarchical regression to test hypotheses concerning the relationship between FTS for sellers and buyers on negotiated outcomes in both distributive and integrative negotiations. The authors also use moderated regression to test if gender moderates the relationship between buyer and seller FTS and negotiation outcomes. Findings Results show that, when the threat is not activated, high FTS buyers pay more than low FTS buyers. Consistent with face theory and social role theory, this effect is moderated by gender, with the association being stronger for women buyers than for men buyers. Originality/value This paper exhibits that FTS can influence negotiator behavior even when FTS is not activated. This is valuable to negotiation scholars and practitioners who are interested in the role that individual characteristics play in negotiation behavior.

Women directors and performance: evidence from Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 841-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwee Pheng Lim ◽  
Chun-Teck Lye ◽  
Yee Yen Yuen ◽  
Wendy Ming Yen Teoh
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Women Directors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between women on board and the financial performance of Malaysian listed companies. Design/methodology/approach Panel generalised method of moments (GMM) analysis was used over 928 public-listed companies listed on the Malaysian Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2016. GMM overcomes the problem of endogeneity and simultaneity bias. The dependent variable was firm performance, measured by Tobin’s Q. The explanatory variable was gender diversity, proxied by the percentage of women on board, the presence of women and gender heterogeneity indices, Blau and Shannon indices. Findings More gender diversification leads to declining firm performance possibly due to issues of tokenism and gender stereotypes. Research limitations/implications Further studies should look into the impact of various types of ownership structures on firm value and also by sectors. Practical implications As women represent half the population in Malaysia, more positive affirmative policies must be introduced to enhance their contributions to society. Social implications As women progress in society, their contributions towards nation building will be significant. Women not only play a nurturing role, but also can shape the destiny of a country. Originality/value Studies on the relationship between board gender diversity and financial performance have been conducted in the context of a few developed economies. This study contributes to the literature by examining such an issue in a developing economy that has a different environment from that of developed economies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document