Research on a non-linear calibration method for dynamometer

Sensor Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Zhang Jun ◽  
Chang Qingbing ◽  
Ren Zongjin
Keyword(s):  
Force Measurement ◽  
Load Sharing ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Force Calibration ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem that the relationship between loading forces, which were applied at different positions on a plane, and output values of load-sharing dynamometer is non-linear. Design/methodology/approach First, the analytical model of ISPM (isodynamic surface proportional mapping method) method, which is used to calibrate dynamometer, was established. Then, a series of axial force calibration tests were performed on a load-sharing dynamometer at different loading positions. Finally, according to output values, calibration forces at different loading positions were calculated by ISPM method, and corresponding distribution histogram of calibration force error was generated. Findings The largest error between calculated force and standard force is 2.92 per cent, and the probability of calculated force error within 1 per cent is 91.03 per cent, which verify that the ISPM method is reliable for non-linear calibration of dynamometers. Originality/value The proposed ISPM method can achieve non-linear calibration between measured force and output signal of load-sharing dynamometer at different positions. In addition, ISPM method can also solve some complex non-linear problems, such as prediction of plane cutting force under the influence of multiple parameters, the force measurement of multi-degree-of-freedom platform and so on.

The relationship between environmental degradation, energy use and economic growth in Nigeria: new evidence from non-linear ARDL

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hammed Oluwaseyi Musibau ◽  
Waliu Olawale Shittu ◽  
Fatai Olarewaju Ogunlana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Partial Sums ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship among environmental degradation, energy use and economic growth, thus lending a voice to testing the relevance, or otherwise, of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The authors rely on the secondary data obtained from World Bank’s World Development Indicators for Nigeria, between 1981 and 2014. The non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) technique is used after examining the unit root properties – using the augmented Dickey–Fuller and Phillips–Perron methods – and the long-run relationship – using the ARDL bounds approach to estimate the asymmetries in the effects of economic growth on the environment. Findings The findings of this study uphold the relevance of the EKC hypothesis in Nigeria, as the growth of GDP first reduces the environmental quality but raises it over time. Furthermore, the use of energy is found to deteriorate environmental quality, given that CO2 rises by 0.002% for a unit increase in the consumption of energy in Nigeria. Research limitations/implications A limitation to this research is the data coverage, which is just between 1981 and 2014, based on availability. One other limitation is the use of electric power consumption as a proxy for energy use (because of the difficulty in obtaining accurate data on energy consumption in Nigeria). Future research should, therefore, test different other proxies, to either agree with the findings or justify any deviation therefrom. Also, the use of up-to-date data is recommended as an improvement to this study, while a non-linear technique should be used on studies involving the panel of countries. Originality/value Many studies have examined this relationship by simply taking the square of GDP as a measure of its non-linear effect on the environment. The authors are one of the first who consider the asymmetric effect of economic growth on the environment through the non-linear ARDL technique. With this, the partial sums of positive and negative changes in economic growth on the environment are easily established.

scholarly journals Foreign finance, economic growth and CO2 emissions Nexus in OECD countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris Alshubiri ◽  
Mohamed Elheddad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Threshold Point

Purpose This study aims to examine the relationship between foreign finance, economic growth and CO2 to investigate if the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) exists as an empirical evidence in 32 selected Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. Design/methodology/approach This study used quantitative analysis to test two main hypotheses: H1 is the U-shape relationship between foreign finance and environment, and H2 is the N-shaped association between economic growth and environment. In doing so, this study used panel data techniques. The panel set contained 32 countries over the period from 1990 to 2015, with 27 observations for each country. This study applied a panel OLS estimator via fixed-effects control to address heterogeneity and mitigate endogeneity. Generalized method of moments (GMM) with fixed effects-instrumental variables (FE-IV) and diagnostic tests were also used. Findings The results showed that foreign finance and environmental quality have an inverted U-shaped association. The three proxies’ foreign investment, foreign assets and remittance in the first stages contribute significantly to CO2 emissions, but after the threshold point is reached, these proxies become “environmentally friendly” by their contribution to reducing CO2 emissions. Also, a non-linear relationship denotes that foreign investment in OECD countries enhances the importance, as a proxy of foreign finance has greater environmental quality than foreign assets. Additionally, empirical results show that remittances received is linked to the highest polluted levels until a threshold point is reached, at which point it then helps reduce CO2 emissions. The GMM and FE-IV results provide robust evidence on inverse U-shaped relationship, while the N-shaped relationship explains that economic growth produces more CO2 emissions at the first phase of growth, but the quadratic term confirms this effect is negative after a specific level of GDP is reached. Then, this economic growth makes the environment deteriorate. These results are robust even after controlling for the omitted variable issue. The IV-FE results indicate an N-shaped relationship in the OECD countries. Practical implications Most studies have used different economic indicators as proxies to show the effects of these indicators on the environment, but they are flawed and outdated regarding the large social challenges facing contemporary, socio-financial economic systems. To overcome these disadvantages, the social, institutional and environmental aspects of economic development should also be considered. Hence, this study aims to explain this issue as a relationship with several proxies in regard to environmental, foreign finance and economic aspects. Originality/value This paper uses updated data sets for analyzing the relationship between foreign finance and economic growth as a new proxy for pollution. Also, this study simulates the financial and environmental future to show their effect on investments in different OECD countries. While this study enhances the literature by establishing an innovative control during analysis, this will increase to add value. This study is among the few studies that empirically investigate the non-linear relationship between finance and environmental degradation.

FORCE CALIBRATION OF NANO UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE USING MILLIGRAM WEIGHTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1360031
Author(s):  
CHUNG-LIN WU ◽  
CHING-FEN TUAN
Keyword(s):  
Force Measurement ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Force Transducer ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Small Force ◽  
Force Calibration ◽  
Force Range

This paper presents an approach for calibrating the force transducer on the nano universal testing machine using milligram weights. Previous research on force calibration of such a system focused on the range from 10 mN to 200 mN, ignoring forces below 10 mN. The main purpose of this study is to analyze and calculate the uncertainty of force measurements within the range from 0.2 mN to 10 mN. The ABA calibration method in accordance with OIML R111-1 is adopted to determine the uncertainty in force measurement. The results indicate that the maximum relative uncertainty of force measurement is 7.0 × 10−3 with a 95% confidence level. The investigation can be used as the basis for evaluating measurement uncertainty of the system in small force range.

The effects of securitized asset portfolio specialization on bank holding company’s return, and risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Tah ◽  
Oscar Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Default Risk ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Fixed Effects Panel Regression ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Asset Portfolio ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Manner

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of specialization of the securitized assets portfolio on banks’ performance and securitization risk. In doing so, the paper addresses two important issues. First, whether the efficient risk–return trade-off for securitized asset portfolios is consistent with the principles of diversification. Second, whether the relationship between bank-level returns and securitized assets portfolio specialization is non-linear in securitization risk. Design/methodology/approach This paper used the fixed-effects panel regression model on US bank holding company data for the period 2001:Q2 to 2014:Q1. Findings The results show that securitized assets portfolio specialization increases returns and also reduces securitization default risk; banks’ return and securitized assets specialization are dependent in a non-linear manner on banks’ securitization risk. Additionally, it was also found that lower bank performance leads to higher securitization risk. Originality/value This paper is of value by demonstrating that diversification (specialization) of securitized assets portfolio would achieve better bank performance in low-risk (high-risk) scenarios.

Artificial Neural Networks in Multivariate Calibration

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tormod Næs ◽  
Knut Kvaal ◽  
Tomas Isaksson ◽  
Charles Miller
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Multivariate Calibration ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
Feed Forward Network ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Artificial Neural

This paper is about the use of artificial neural networks for multivariate calibration. We discuss network architecture and estimation as well as the relationship between neural networks and related linear and non-linear techniques. A feed-forward network is tested on two applications of near infrared spectroscopy, both of which have been treated previously and which have indicated non-linear features. In both cases, the network gives more precise prediction results than the linear calibration method of PCR.

A Novel Method of Stereo Camera Calibration Using BP Neural Network

2010 ◽  
Vol 29-32 ◽  
pp. 2692-2697
Author(s):  
Jiu Long Xiong ◽  
Jun Ying Xia ◽  
Xian Quan Xu ◽  
Zhen Tian
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Camera Calibration ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Calibration Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship

Camera calibration establishes the relationship between 2D coordinates in the image and 3D coordinates in the 3D world. BP neural network can model non-linear relationship, and therefore was used for calibrating camera by avoiding the non-linear factors of the camera in this paper. The calibration results are compared with the results of Tsai’s two stage method. The comparison show that calibration method based BP neural network improved the calibration accuracy.

Non-linear dynamics of employment, output and real wages in Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adian A. McFarlane ◽  
Anupam Das ◽  
Murshed Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Real Wage ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Wage Growth ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Linear Dynamics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship among employment, real wage, and output growth in Canada. Design/methodology/approach – Using quarterly data from 1994q2 to 2012q3, this paper employs a vector autoregressive framework while allowing for the derivation of output from its historical maximum over the sample period to affect future output, employment, and real wage growth dynamics. Findings – There are three main findings: output growth is significant in predicting employment growth and vice versa; real wage growth neither Granger causes employment growth nor output growth, but employment growth Granger causes real wage growth; and non-linear dynamics, captured by the current depth regression (CDR) effect term, through the sign as well as the magnitude of output changes, are important in characterizing the evolution of the relationship among output, employment, and real wage growth. Practical implications – The findings of this research have significant implications for policy makers. Output and employment growth are important in forecasting each other in Canada. In contrast to the mainstream theory, real growth is insignificant in explaining the future dynamics of employment in Canada. Policies need to be formulated to encourage the growth of employment to ensure sustain output growth. Originality/value – This study examines empirically the real output, real wage, and employment link in Canada. This study uses the most recently revised GDP data arising from the 2012 Historical Revision of the Canadian System of National Accounts. The econometric methodology involves the standard vector autoregression (VAR) model to which the authors introduce non-linear dynamics through a term that controls for the deviation of output from its preceding historical maximum: the CDR effect.

scholarly journals In-situ dynamic force calibration using impact hammers

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
M. Kobusch ◽  
L. Klaus
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Force Transducer ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
In Situ Calibration ◽  
Force Calibration

This paper presents experimental investigations of in-situ dynamic force calibrations in which an impact hammer provides the dynamic reference force. Here, the force transducer to be calibrated remains in the original mechanical structure of the force measurement application to which calibration shock forces are applied in a suitable way. Numerous experiments with different force transducer set-ups and different impact hammer configurations were conducted to validate this in- situ calibration method. The paper describes the analysis of the measurement data and presents the force transfer functions obtained. Finally, these dynamic calibration results are discussed.

Application of negative Poisson’s ratio honeycomb structure in force measurement

Sensor Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingguo Wen ◽  
Pengju Li ◽  
Zhengkai Zhang ◽  
Hong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Honeycomb Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structural Insights ◽  
Auxetic Structure

Purpose This paper aims to clarify the principle of force measurement using the auxetic structure by studying the relationship among the force, the change of transmittance and the change of output current of the solar cell. Design/methodology/approach This paper opted for an exploratory study using combining theory with experiment. This paper analysized the theoretical model and deformation of the auxetic structure. It used a hexagon honeycomb structure as a comparison in the experiment. The experiment was conducted on a universal testing machine, and the data was obtained by a digital acquisition card. The data was analyzed without using any signal processing means. Findings This paper provides the linearity and the sensitivity of the proposed force measurement method. It shows a good linear relationship between the input and output of this method and good sensitivity, stability and repeatability without using any signal processing means. Originality/value This paper provides new structural insights for force sensors and presents future research directions.

scholarly journals Non-linear relationship between foreign currency derivatives and firm value: evidence on Sharīʿah compliant firms

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-173
Author(s):  
Zaminor Zamzamir@Zamzamin ◽  
Razali Haron ◽  
Zatul Karamah Ahmad Baharul Ulum ◽  
Anwar Hasan Abdullah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quality Reporting ◽  
Linear Framework ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study examines the impact of hedging on firm value of Sharīʿah compliant firms (SCFs) in a non-linear framework.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs the system-GMM for dynamic panel data to examine the influence of derivatives usage on firm value (Tobin's Q, ROA and ROE). The sample comprised of 59 non-financial SCFs engaged in derivatives from 2000 to 2017 (18 years). The Sasabuchi-Lind-Mehlum (SLM) test for U-shaped is performed to confirm the existence of the non-linear relationship.FindingsThis study concludes that hedging significantly contributes to firm value of SCFs based on the non-linear framework. This study suggests that, first, the non-linear relationship occurs due to the different degree of derivatives usage and risk. Second, firms practice selective hedging to maintain the upside potential of firm value.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has important implications. First, the importance of risk management via derivatives to increase firm value, second, the evidence of selective hedging from the non-linear relationship between derivatives and firm value and third, the need for quality reporting on derivatives engagement by firms in line with the required accounting standard on derivatives.Originality/valueThis study fills the gap in the literature in relation to the risk management strategies of SCFs in three aspects. First, re-examines the relationship using recent data. Second, examines the relationship in the non-linear framework as the limited studies found in the literature on Malaysian firms are only based on linear relationship. Third, determines whether hedging undertaken by firms is optimal as this can only be addressed using the non-linear framework. This study is robust to the various definitions of firm value (Tobin's Q, ROA and ROE) and non-linear methodologies.

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