scholarly journals Commentary on “Dietitians’ challenges when consulting to adults with intellectual disabilities”

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Triantafyllopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Randomised Control Trials ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider issues around obesity and overweight for people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). Design/methodology/approach A review of the literature is provided looking at issues around overweight and obesity for adults with IDs. Both prevalence studies and intervention studies were considered. Findings The prevalence of overweight and obesity is considerably higher for adults with IDs when compared to the general population. Intervention studies focusing on multiple components seem to be the most effective. However, future research should focus on randomised control trials taking into consideration the views of people with IDs. Originality/value This paper synthesizes some of the available evidence on obesity and overweight for adults with IDs providing clear recommendations for the future.

Assessing attachment status in adults with intellectual disabilities: the potential of the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna J Gallichan ◽  
Carol George
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Adult Attachment Projective ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP) as a measure of attachment state of mind in adults with intellectual disabilities. The AAP is a free response picture system method of assessing patterns of adult attachment with established validity and reliability in community and clinical samples. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports on five cases of adults with intellectual disabilities who were administered the AAP as part of routine clinical work. The AAP administration procedure was modified to take account of the participants’ intellectual disabilities. Findings – It was possible to code and classify each AAP using the established coding and classification system. The authors coded four cases blind to each other ' s classification; they agreed on classifications for three cases and reached consensus on the fourth. The AAP analysis showed strong correspondence with case history material. Originality/value – The AAP demonstrates the potential to assess attachment state of mind in adults with intellectual disabilities and is the first developmental measure of attachment status that has shown potential in this population. The paper discusses clinical application of the AAP and directions for future research.

They did not start the fire: reviewing and resolving the issue of physician stress and burnout

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Christine Babyar
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Physician Burnout ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Research Accountability ◽  
Physician Stress

Purpose Physician stress and burnout is a serious and common concern in healthcare, with over half of physicians in the USA meeting at least one criterion for burnout. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A review on current state of physician stress and burnout research, from 2008 to 2016, was undertaken. A subsequent perspective paper was shaped around these reviews. Findings Findings reveal research strength in prevalence and incidence with opportunities for stronger intervention studies. While descriptive studies on causes and consequences of physician burnout are available, studies on interventions and prevention of physician burnout are lacking. Future research on physician stress and burnout should incorporate intervention studies and take care to avoid limitations found in current research. Accountability and prevention of physician burnout is the responsibility of the healthcare industry as a whole, and organizational strategies must be emphasized in future research. Originality/value The value of this research comes in the original comprehensive review, international inclusion and succinct summary of physician burnout research and strategies.

Teaching playground behavioural expectations to secondary age students with intellectual disabilities attending a special school

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Simó-Pinatella ◽  
Marisa Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Special School ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Students With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Special Education School ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Materials Used

Purpose School-wide positive behaviour support (SWPBS) is a proactive behavioural support system that fosters behaviour change in individuals in a school setting. This article aims to present a case example of teaching and reinforcing behavioural expectations in a special school. Design/methodology/approach This case study reflects different steps and materials used before and during the intervention in a special education school with 61 secondary students with intellectual disabilities. An AB design (A – baseline; B – intervention) was used to collect and analyze data. Findings Results suggest that teaching behavioural expectations as a universal measure may be feasible and positively impact school climate. Suggestions and recommendations for implementing SWPBS within a school are provided. Originality/value This case study provides a step-by-step guide illustrating the process of teaching and reinforcing behavioural playground expectations to young adults with intellectual disabilities attending a special school.

Identification of PTSD in adults with intellectual disabilities in five patients in a specialised psychiatric inpatient unit

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Lise Bakken ◽  
Arvid Nikolai Kildahl ◽  
Vibeke Gjersøe ◽  
Espen Matre ◽  
Tone Kristiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Inpatient Unit ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient Unit ◽  
Severe Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults with intellectual disabilities. Existing research in this area encompasses case studies, and includes, for the most part, persons with mild intellectual disabilities. Design/methodology/approach – The aim of this study is to investigate symptom presentation and subsequent identification of PTSD in persons with more severe intellectual disabilities; i.e. persons with moderate or severe intellectual disabilities. Five patients in a specialised psychiatric inpatient unit for patients with intellectual disabilities were included. Information about the patients was collected through case files and interviews with key informants: family, milieu therapists, and caregivers in community settings, and observations through inpatient admission. The authors of this paper followed a training programme for trauma therapists in addition to the inpatient treatment of the five patients. The five patients all met criteria for PTSD according to the Diagnostic Manual – Intellectual Disability. Findings – Previously, it was not suspected that the five patients suffered from PTSD, although they had experienced terrifying incidents. All patients displayed severe changes in behaviour, which may have overshadowed symptoms of PTSD. PTSD in persons with more severe intellectual disabilities may be interpreted as challenging behaviour, or other psychiatric disorders such as psychosis. Research limitations/implications – The limitation of the study is the small number of participants. Practical implications – Practical implication is linked to clinical practice related to identification of PTSD in persons with intellectual disabilities. Originality/value – The paper may encourage more research into how PTSD can be identified in persons with moderate and severe intellectual disabilities. The case reports may help clinicians to look for traumatic experiences in persons with intellectual disabilities who have experienced terrifying incidents.

scholarly journals ‘I’m sure we made it a better study…’: Experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities and parent carers of patient and public involvement in a health research study

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Beighton ◽  
Christina Victor ◽  
Iain M Carey ◽  
Fay Hosking ◽  
Steve DeWilde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Patient And Public Involvement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Group Interviews

Patient and public involvement is considered integral to health research in the United Kingdom; however, studies documenting the involvement of adults with intellectual disabilities and parent carers in health research studies are scarce. Through group interviews, this study explored the perspectives and experiences of a group of adults with intellectual disabilities and a group of parent carers about their collaborative/participatory involvement in a 3-year study which explored the effectiveness of annual health checks for adults with intellectual disabilities. Thematic analysis identified five key themes consistent across both groups; authenticity of participation, working together, generating new outcome measures, dissemination of findings and involvement in future research. Although reported anecdotally rather than originating from the analysis, increased self-confidence is also discussed. The groups’ unique perspectives led to insights not previously considered by the research team which led to important recommendations to inform healthcare practice.

Short communication: reliability and validity of the UKU Side Effect Rating Scale for adults with intellectual disabilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Louise Tveter ◽  
Trine Lise Bakken ◽  
Jan Ivar Røssberg ◽  
Egon Bech-Pedersen ◽  
Jørgen G. Bramness
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Purpose – The UKU side effect rating scale for adults with intellectual disabilities (UKU-SERS-ID) was developed to detect side effects among patients with intellectual disabilities (ID). The purpose of this paper is to examine the reliability and face validity of the UKU-SERS-ID. Design/methodology/approach – UKU-SERS-ID comprises 35 items. In total, 22 patients with ID were included from two specialized services for adults with ID and comorbid mental illness. All patients were rated on three different occasions by three clinicians; two nurses and one medical doctor. Reliability was estimated with Cohen’s κ. A focus group discussed the face validity of the items comprising the UKU-SERS-ID. Findings – Respectively ten (nurse-nurse scores) and eight (nurse-doctor scores) items were considered difficult to score due to low prevalence of the symptoms. For the other items the reliability was acceptable. Through discussion in a focus group, with the reliability scores in mind, only one of the items of the UKU-SERS-ID was discarded. Practical implications – The authors have developed a feasible side effect instrument for clinical practice. It is easy to score and relevant regarding important side effects. Originality/value – The UKU-SERS-ID seems to be a feasible tool. Further investigations are mandatory in order to gain knowledge about distribution and phenomenology of side effects from psychotropic medication for individuals with ID.

Community dialectical behaviour therapy for emotionally dysregulated adults with intellectual disabilities

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubrey Baillie ◽  
Sean Slater
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Client Group ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reflexively examine the challenges of implementing a community dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) service for adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) and describes the practical lessons learned about how to maximise the effectiveness of DBT with this client group. Design/methodology/approach – A brief overview of DBT is provided and reference is made to literature which highlights the potential benefits of providing a DBT service to clients with an ID. This is followed by a discussion of the clinical presentation of the clients receiving DBT in the service that is the focus of this case study. Using a reflexive approach, a detailed discussion follows of the challenges faced in implementing a community DBT service for the clients served. Findings – Solutions to a variety of challenges faced in four years of service delivery are described, key lessons learned are highlighted, together with issues meriting further research. Research limitations/implications – This case study and its implications are limited to community DBT services. Another limitation is that, although outcome data have been collected over the past two years, the dataset is not yet large enough to draw statistical conclusions. Practical implications – The paper describes adaptations to treatment structure and strategy which the authors believe are necessary to improve treatment outcomes in community DBT services for adults with ID. In particular, the practical experience suggests that a didactic approach to teaching DBT skills is not effective and should be replaced by the “community of learners” approach that involves the trainer contingently responding to client input. Pre-set lesson plans inhibit the trainers’ ability to respond contingently. Originality/value – The existing literature on providing a DBT service for people with an ID has principally focused on providing a rationale for providing this type of intervention, and on assessing outcomes. Given that this is still a relatively new type of provision for this client group, a detailed examination of process issues is called for.

The Adult Attachment Projective Picture System: a pilot study of inter-rater reliability and face validity with adults with intellectual disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna Gallichan ◽  
Carol George
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adult Attachment Projective ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess whether the Adult Attachment Projective (AAP) Picture System is a reliable and face valid measure of internal working models of attachment in adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). Design/methodology/approach The AAPs of 20 adults with ID were coded blind by two reliable judges and classified into one of four groups: secure, dismissing, preoccupied, or unresolved. Inter-rater reliability was calculated using κ. Six participants repeated the assessment for test-retest reliability. Two independent experts rated ten cases on the links between the AAP analysis and the clinical history. Findings There was significant agreement between AAP judges, κ=0.677, p<0.001. Five out of six participants showed stability in their classifications over time. The majority of expert ratings were “good” or “excellent”. There was a significant inter-class correlation between raters suggesting good agreement between them r=0.51 (p<0.05). The raters’ feedback suggested that the AAP had good clinical utility. Research limitations/implications The inter-rater reliability, stability, face validity, and clinical utility of the AAP in this population is promising. Further examination of these findings with a larger sample of individuals with ID is needed. Originality/value This is the first study attempting to investigate the reliability and validity of the AAP in this population.

Meaning and Value of Productivity to Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Lysaght ◽  
Hélène Ouellette-Kuntz ◽  
Carole Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Personal Projects ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

Abstract Involvement in productivity roles such as work, volunteerism, and personal projects plays a central role in the lives of most adults and is associated with enhanced physical and mental health. This study examined the meaning of productivity to adults with intellectual disabilities, their satisfaction with the roles they held, and contributors and barriers to achieving satisfying productivity outcomes. The results suggest a number of key areas to address in future research and practice, including systemic and social barriers to choice and meaningful participation.

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