Steady state and Transient State Identification for flow rate on a pilot-scale absorption column

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Huang ◽  
R. Russell Rhinehart
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Absorption Column ◽  
State Identification

scholarly journals Vehicular Quality Biomethane Production from Biogas by Using an Automated Water Scrubbing System

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chandra ◽  
V. K. Vijay ◽  
P. M. V. Subbarao
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Absorption Column ◽  
Automatic Control Systems ◽  
Steady State Operation ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Column Pressure

This paper presents the results of an automated water scrubbing system used for enrichment of methane content in the biogas, to produce vehicular grade biomethane fuel. Incorporation of automatic control systems for precisely regulating the water level and maintaining constant operating pressure in the packed bed absorption column of water scrubbing system resulted in steady-state operation of the scrubbing system and a consistent supply of methane-enriched biogas from the gas outlet. The improved automated water scrubbing system was found to enrich 97% methane at an operating column pressure of 1.0 MPa with 2.5 m3/h biogas in-flow rate and 2.0 m3/h water in-flow rate into the scrubbing column unit.

Steady State and Transient State Identification in Noisy Processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 275-298
Author(s):  
R. Russell Rhinehart ◽  
Robert M. Bethea
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Transient State ◽  
State Identification

scholarly journals Multi-Machine Repairable System with One Unreliable Server and Variable Repair Rate

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1299
Author(s):  
Shengli Lv
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Repairable System ◽  
Repair Rate ◽  
Numerical Illustration ◽  
Transform Method ◽  
Unreliable Server ◽  
Busy Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

This paper analyzed the multi-machine repairable system with one unreliable server and one repairman. The machines may break at any time. One server oversees servicing the machine breakdown. The server may fail at any time with different failure rates in idle time and busy time. One repairman is responsible for repairing the server failure; the repair rate is variable to adapt to whether the machines are all functioning normally or not. All the time distributions are exponential. Using the quasi-birth-death(QBD) process theory, the steady-state availability of the machines, the steady-state availability of the server, and other steady-state indices of the system are given. The transient-state indices of the system, including the reliability of the machines and the reliability of the server, are obtained by solving the transient-state probabilistic differential equations. The Laplace–Stieltjes transform method is used to ascertain the mean time to the first breakdown of the system and the mean time to the first failure of the server. The case analysis and numerical illustration are presented to visualize the effects of the system parameters on various performance indices.

Modeling the performance of biodegradation of textile wastewater using polyurethane foam sponge cube as a supporting medium

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2801-2810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Hui Lin
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Column Test ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Suspended Biomass ◽  
The Government ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

A pilot-scale fixed-biofilm reactor (FBR) was established to treat textile wastewater to evaluate the feasibility of replacing conventional treatment processes that involve activated sludge and coagulation units. A kinetic model was developed to describe the biodegradation of textile wastewater by FBR. Batch kinetic tests were performed to evaluate the biokinetic parameters that are used in the model. FBR column test was fed with a mean COD of 692 mg/L of textile wastewater from flow equalization unit. The influent flow rate was maintained at 48.4 L/h for FBR column test. Experimental data and model-predicted data for substrate effluent concentration (as COD), concentration of suspended biomass in effluent and the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced in the effluent agree closely with each other. Microscopic observations demonstrated that the biofilm exhibited a uniform distribution on the surface of polyurethane foam sponge. Under a steady-state condition, the effluent COD from FBR was about 14.7 mg COD/L (0.0213 Sb0), meeting the discharge standard (COD < 100 mg/L) that has been set by the government of Taiwan for textile wastewater effluent. The amount of biofilm and suspended biomass reached a maximal value in the steady state when the substrate flux reached a constant value and remained maximal. Approximately 33% of the substrate concentration (as COD) was converted to CO2 during biodegradation in the FBR test. The experimental and modeling schemes proposed in this study could be employed to design a full-scale FBR to treat textile wastewater.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF FORECASTING METHOD OF RECESSION CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER FLOW RATE INTO A DAM BY USING ESTIMATION OF STEADY STATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Tomonari KAWAI ◽  
Katsuhiro ICHIYANAGI ◽  
Takuo KOYASU ◽  
Kazuto YUKITA ◽  
Yasuyuki GOTO
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Forecasting Method

Thermo-structural analysis of a honeycomb-type volumetric absorber for concentrated solar power applications

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Behzad ◽  
Benjamin Herrmann ◽  
Williams R. Calderón-Muñoz ◽  
José M. Cardemil ◽  
Rodrigo Barraza
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Discrete Model ◽  
Continuum Model ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Continuum

Purpose Volumetric air receivers experience high thermal stress as a consequence of the intense radiation flux they are exposed to when used for heat and/or power generation. This study aims to propose a proper design that is required for the absorber and its holder to ensure efficient heat transfer between the fluid and solid phases and to avoid system failure due to thermal stress. Design/methodology/approach The design and modeling processes are applied to both the absorber and its holder. A multi-channel explicit geometry design and a discrete model is applied to the absorber to investigate the conjugate heat transfer and thermo-mechanical stress levels present in the steady-state condition. The discrete model is used to calibrate the initial state of the continuum model that is then used to investigate the transient operating states representing cloud-passing events. Findings The steady-state results constitute promising findings for operating the system at the desired airflow temperature of 700°C. In addition, we identified regions with high temperatures and high-stress values. Furthermore, the transient state model is capable of capturing the heat transfer and fluid dynamics phenomena, allowing the boundaries to be checked under normal operating conditions. Originality/value Thermal stress analysis of the absorber and the steady/transient-state thermal analysis of the absorber/holder were conducted. Steady-state heat transfer in the explicit model was used to calibrate the initial steady-state of the continuum model.

Technical Report: Novel Oil/Water Separator for Treatment of Oily Bilgewater

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Caplan ◽  
Chris Newton ◽  
Donald Kelemen
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Physical Separation ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Separation Chamber ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Fixed Film Bioreactor ◽  
Stage 1

A novel device that combines physical separation methods with biotechnology to treat oily bilgewater is described. Laboratory and pilot-scale experiments were performed to examine the ability of this device, tradenamed PetroLiminator TM, to both separate free oil and biodegrade the dissolved or emulsified oil from shipboard bilgewater. Laboratory experiments were conducted to isolate and enrich bilge oil-degrading microorganisms. These microbes were grown in specially formulated liquid nutrients containing several hundred parts per million (ppm) of bilge oil as the sole carbon source. These cultures were inoculated into a laboratory-scale aqueous fixed-film bioreactor for determination of the required flow rate (i.e., hydraulic retention time) to remove ⋜99% of the petroleum hydrocarbons in the bilgewater. This information was incorporated into the design and operation of a 500 gal pilot-scale bioreactor installed aboard the 700 ft Cape Lobos MARAD motor vessel. The bioreactor was operated for 70 days processing more than 90 000 liters of petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) contaminated bilgewater. The average PHC concentration in the untreated influent was 70 to 90 ppm. The TPH levels in all treated effluent samples analyzed were well below 15 ppm, the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) limit for legal overboard discharge. In fact, the removal efficiencies for the system were greater than 99% with no operational or maintenance problems noted. A newer model was developed that incorporated a physical separation chamber (Stage 1) upstream of the bioreactor chamber (Stage 2) in order to minimize the oil load to the microbes. A series of tests was conducted that closely mimicked the USCG tests for oil/water separators (OWS). The results were dramatic. The PHC levels in the effluent were below 15 ppm in all samples analyzed for the specified flow rate. Based on these data, it is estimated that the subject system with a footprint of 6 × 5 × 5 ft (L × W× H) is able to treat up to 86 000 gal of oily bilgewater per month. This system was USCG and IMO approved in January 2000.

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