Modeling of achievement of the reference situation in the conditions of uncertainty

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa A. Ginis ◽  
Svetlana P. Vovk
Keyword(s):  
Reference Situation

Effect of defocus combined with rotation on the optical performance of trifocal toric IOLs

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110021
Author(s):  
Javier Ruiz-Alcocer ◽  
Irene Martínez-Alberquilla ◽  
Amalia Lorente-Velázquez ◽  
José F Alfonso ◽  
David Madrid-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Quality ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Optical Analysis ◽  
Toric Intraocular Lens ◽  
Toric Iols ◽  
Reference Situation

Purpose: To objectively analyze the optical quality of the FineVision Toric intraocular lens (IOL) with two cylinder powers when different combinations of rotations and residual refractive errors are induced. Methods: This study assessed the FineVision Toric IOL with two different cylinder powers: 1.5 and 3.0 diopters (D). Three different rotation positions were considered: centered, 5° and 10° rotated. An optical bench (PMTF) was used for optical analysis. The optical quality of the IOLs was calculated by the modulation transfer function (MTF) at five different focal points (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 D). Results: The MTF averaged value of the reference situation was 38.58 and 37.74 for 1.5 and 3.0 D of cylinder, respectively. For the 1.5 D cylinder, the combination of 5° of rotation with a defocus of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 D induced a decrease on the MTF of 12.39, 19.94, 23.43, 24.23 units, respectively. When induced rotation was 10°, the MTF decrease was 17.26, 23.40, 24.33, 24.48 units, respectively. For the 3.0 D cylinder, the combination of 5° with 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 D of defocus, induced a decrease on the MTF of 12.51, 18.97, 22.36, 22.48 units, respectively. When induced rotation was 10°, the MTF decrease was: 18.42, 21.57, 23.08, and 23.61 units, respectively. Conclusion: For both FineVision Toric IOLs there is a certain optical tolerance to rotations up to 5° or residual refractive errors up to 0.25 D. Situations over these limits and their combination would affect the visual quality of patients implanted with these trifocal toric IOLs.

Attitudes and Observations about Nonverbal Communication in the Psychotherapeutic Greeting Situation

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-418
Author(s):  
D. D. Flemmer ◽  
Steven Sobelman ◽  
Michele L. Flemmer ◽  
Jan Åström
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Background Factors ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Practice ◽  
Active Observation ◽  
Reference Situation ◽  
First Time

A survey of 209 licensed psychotherapists was conducted to investigate attitudes towards and observations of nonverbal communication in a reference situation. Background factors such as gender, years of psychotherapeutic experience, hours of therapy practiced each month, and theoretical approach were used to examine relationships. The psychotherapeutic greeting situation, i.e., the first time a therapist and patient meet in a waiting room, was chosen as the reference situation. Female psychotherapists believed that nonverbal communication was more important than male psychotherapists. Psychotherapists with 16 years or more experience supported items that constitute the greeting phase and items on active observation significantly more often than psychotherapists with less experience. Hours of psychotherapeutic practice and frames of reference were not significantly related to any item within the questionnaire. Belief in nonverbal communication was not significantly related to items that involve preparing to meet a patient for the first time.

Inferring landscape change from differences in landscape character between the current and a reference situation

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 584-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Martín ◽  
Emilio Ortega ◽  
Pablo Martino ◽  
Isabel Otero
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Change ◽  
Landscape Character ◽  
Reference Situation

scholarly journals Transformation of the media reception of the presidency institute in Ukraine (based on the materials of European newspapers)

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Y. Harkavenko
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
German Press ◽  
Show Business ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
The Media ◽  
Reference Situation ◽  
Media Reception ◽  
Media Systems

The research is dedicated to the study of the process of transformation of media reception of the Institute of the Presidency of Ukraine based on the articles published by the European newspapers on their websites during the year 2019. Particular attention was paid to the key substantive concepts that underpinned the media discourse of the British, French and German press during the election and post-election periods.In the process of study, the method of conceptual analysis, which allowed to reveal the core and peripheral meanings of the concepts under study as well as point to key concept compounds and capture the phenomenon of concept separation under conditions of changing reference situation was used. The phenomenon of content homogenization, which is now the characteristic of Western media discourse was also considered. We have confirmed its manifestations by almost complete convergence of conceptual representations presented in the media systems of Britain, Germany and France. In the article the concept of presidency in Ukraine, represented by the name of V. Zelensky, is under exploration. Carrying out the conceptual analysis, we first identified the reference situation that caused the actualization of the concept, and paid attention to the extra-linguistic factors of its change in the media discourse. In the process of study, the following frequently used concepts to denote President Zelensky, which represented the atypical character of the Ukrainian incumbent presidency, were found: “political newcomer,” “newcomer to politics who came from show business,” “politician newcomer,” “television clown,” “Ukrainian television comedian,” “cabaret artist,” “joker,” etc.We have also stated the process of transformation from personal, negatively connotated to institutional concepts with a neutral core sense. We particularly pointed to the separation of stereotypical conceptual connections of “president-comedian,” first by introducing the predicate “former” and actualization of the combination “president-former comedian” and later by approving new semantic connections. We also pointed to the negative role of the Ukrainegate concept, which manifested Ukraine’s minor role on the international arena.

Full-scale phosphorus recovery from digested waste water sludge in Belgium – part I: technical achievements and challenges

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marchi ◽  
S. Geerts ◽  
M. Weemaes ◽  
S. Wim ◽  
V. Christine
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Reference Situation ◽  
Solids Content

To date, phosphorus recovery as struvite in wastewater treatment plants has been mainly implemented on water phases resulting from dewatering processes of the sludge line. However, it is possible to recover struvite directly from sludge phases. Besides minimising the return loads of phosphorus from the sludge line to the water line, placing such a process within the sludge line is claimed to offer advantages such as a higher recovery potential, enhanced dewaterability of the treated sludge, and reduced speed of scaling in pipes and dewatering devices. In the wastewater treatment plant at Leuven (Belgium), a full-scale struvite recovery process from digested sludge has been tested for 1 year. Several monitoring campaigns and experiments provided indications of the efficiency of the process for recovery. The load of phosphorus from the sludge line returning to the water line as centrate accounted for 15% of the P-load of the plant in the reference situation. Data indicated that the process divides this phosphorus load by two. An improved dewaterability of 1.5% of dry solids content was achieved, provided a proper tuning of the installation. Quality analyses showed that the formed struvite was quite pure.

Psychotherapists' Attitudes towards and Observations of Nonverbal Communication in a Greeting Situation: II. Relationships to Background Variables

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Åström ◽  
Lars-Håkan Thorell ◽  
Giacomo D'Elia
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Background Factors ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Approach ◽  
Reference Situation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Female Therapists

An interview study of 79 Swedish psychotherapists was performed to investigate their attitudes towards and observation of nonverbal communication in a reference situation in relation to background factors such as gender, length of professional experience, and theoretical approach. The greeting situation, i.e., the first time a therapist and patient meet in a waiting-room, was chosen as the reference situation. Face communication in that greeting situation was significantly less achieved by male psychotherapists with relatively short experience than by female therapists. However, this sex difference was not significant among therapists whose psychotherapeutic experience was longer than 13 years. Attaching great importance to nonverbal communication in psychotherapy was related to an intention to be well-kept and to perform correctly in front of the patient, to establish direct communication in the greeting situation, and to background factors such as frequent work in psychotherapy and an eclectic psychotherapeutic approach.

scholarly journals Space and demonstratives: an experiment with Estonian exophoric demonstratives

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Reile
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Demonstrative Pronoun ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Reference Situation

In recent years, the study of exophoric demonstratives has increased in Indo- European languages, but has received fairly little research attention in Estonian. The aim of the study is to verify by the means of a production experiment whether distance has an effect on the choice of Estonian exophoric demonstratives. Binomial mixed effects logistic regression analysis suggests that distance is the best predictor for the choice between demonstrative adverbs, but it has no effect on the choice between the demonstrative pronoun see ‘this’ and other referential devices, which can be explained by the lack of usage of the demonstrative pronoun too ‘that’. However, there also occurs unexpected usage of demonstrative adverbs that is best explained by other attributes of the referent and reference situation rather than simple spatial opposition. Thus, although the best predictor in demonstrative adverb choice proves to be distance, other attributes may play a fairly important role.

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