The fracture toughness KJc of the material in the ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT) range exhibits both test specimen thickness (TST) dependence and temperature dependence. Attention has been paid to the master curve (MC) method, which provides an engineering approach to address these two issues. Although MC is intended to be applied to arbitrary ferritic material whose yield stress is within the range of 275 to 825 MPa, the KJc value must be obtained to determine the material dependent reference temperature T0. The applicable range of MC method is restricted to T0 ± 50 °C. Previous studies indicate that additional pre-tests to obtain T0 are necessary; thus, there might be some unwritten requirement to the test temperature for the KJc temperature dependence prediction in MC method to work effectively. If testing must be conducted for the material of interest at some restricted temperature, a more flexible KJc temperature dependence prediction can possibly be obtained for a wide temperature range in the DBTT range, if the simplified and direct scaling (SDS) method, which predicts fracture “load” from yield stress temperature dependence proposed previously is applied. In this study, the SDS method was applied to two different steels: Cr-Mo steel JIS SCM440 and 0.55% carbon steel JIS S55C. Both tensile and fracture toughness tests were performed over a wide range of temperatures, specifically, −166 to 100 °C for SCM440 and −166 to 20 °C for S55C. The SDS method (i.e., fracture load is proportional to 1/(yield stress)) was initially validated for the specimens in the DBTT range. Finally, a simplified method was proposed and initially validated to predict the KJc temperature dependence, by applying the SDS using the EPRI plastic J functional form.
Impact of the non-ideal temperature dependence of IC-VBE on ultra-wide temperature range SiGe HBT bandgap reference circuits
