Research on backward integration strategy of dominant retailer in the face of encroachment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Shi ◽  
Lv Yi-fan ◽  
Xu Qian
Keyword(s):  
Integration Strategy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Dominant Retailer ◽  
Backward Integration

ICU Pharma Pakistan: Growth Crossroads

2020 ◽  
pp. 097282012095694
Author(s):  
Sami Ullah Bajwa ◽  
Adeel S. Shaikh ◽  
Muhammad Umer Azeem ◽  
Khuram Shahzad ◽  
Naveda Kitchlew
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturer ◽  
Industry Growth ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Integration Strategy ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Backward Integration

Growth from a small-scale venture to a medium-sized company entails different challenges and strategies to tackle them. This case provides an account of one such company operating in the pharmaceutical sector of Pakistan. International Collaborated Unit Pharma (ICU Pharma) started in 2005 in the small town of Dera Ghazi Khan, in the province of Punjab, as a distributor of Ferozsons (Private) Ltd, a leading pharmaceutical manufacturer in Pakistan. Going through various phases of growth and strategic shifts, it had become a well-established company by 2019, with PKR 200 million net worth and a sales network covering thirty-four districts in Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Sindh provinces. In 2018, the company faced a growth dilemma when, despite the growing demand for its products, it had to curtail sales growth and divert resources towards building a manufacturing facility in Lahore. This case illustrates how industry growth, country-level initiatives for the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals on Health (SDG No. 3), policies of the Drug Regulation Authority of Pakistan (DRAP), weak contract enforcement in Pakistan and threats from suppliers, along with other external forces, constrained a company’s decision to opt for a backward integration strategy instead of going for the more plausible strategy of product and market development.

scholarly journals Strategi Integrasi Pendidikan Kebencanaan Dalam Optimalisasi Ketahanan Masyarakat Menghadapi Bencana Erupsi Gunung Merapi

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zela Septikasari ◽  
Yulia Ayriza
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Integration Strategy ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Media ◽  
Disaster Education ◽  
Integration Strategies ◽  
Depth Interviews

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this research were  to analyzed the disaster education integration strategy in primary school in disaster-prone area III of Sleman Regency, and  to analyzed the implications of disaster education in the community resilience to faced the eruption of Mount Merapi. The research was conducted with using  qualitative research with primary data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that primary schools of disaster alert schools in disaster-prone areas III of Sleman District had undertaken various strategies in the integration of disaster education. Disaster education integration strategies include  (1).  Disaster education integration strategy using newspapers as instructional media, (2). Disaster education integration strategy with real object media by bringing students to the object directly, (3). Disaster education integration strategy by using the media images and student worksheet random word volcano eruption of Mount Merapi. Disaster education integration strategies implemented could improve students' disaster knowledge and skills in coping with disasters to be transferred to families, thereby maximizing the community resilience in the face of disasters. ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah  untuk  menganalisis strategi integrasi pendidikan kebencanaan pada sekolah dasar pada kawasan rawan bencana III Kabupaten Sleman, dan untuk  menganalisis implikasi pendidikan kebencanaan dalam  ketahanan masyarakat menghadapi bencana erupsi Gunung Merapi.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sekolah dasar sekolah siaga bencana pada KRB III Kabupaten Sleman telah melakukan berbagai macam strategi dalam integrasi pendidikan kebencanaan. Strategi integrasi pendidikan kebencanaan yang dilakukan adalah (1). Strategi integrasi pendidikan kebencanaan dengan menggunakan surat kabar sebagai media pembelajaran, (2). Strategi integrasi pendidikan kebencanaan dengan media obyek nyata dengan membawa siswa ke obyek secara langsung, (3). Strategi integrasi pendidikan kebencanaan dengan menggunakan media gambar dan LKS acak kata bencana erupsi Gunung Merapi. Strategi integrasi pendidikan kebencanaan yang dilaksanakan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan siswa dalam menghadapi bencana yang akan ditransfer pada keluarga, sehingga akan memaksimalkan ketahanan masyarakat dalam menghadapi bencana. 

scholarly journals The Revitalization of the CWA: Integrating Collective Bargaining, Political Action, and Organizing

ILR Review ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry C. Katz ◽  
Rosemary Batt ◽  
Jeffrey H. Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Organization Theory ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Environmental Complexity ◽  
Integration Strategy ◽  
Organizational Theories ◽  
The Face ◽  
Organizational Linkages

This case study of the Communications Workers of America (CWA) demonstrates the value of resource dependence and contingency organizational theories—two branches of organization theory, which has most commonly been used to interpret firm behavior—for analyzing union revitalization. Consistent with predictions of those theories, the CWA responded to a changed environment by abandoning strategies that no longer achieved organizational objectives, but retaining and bolstering strategies that continued to be effective. Furthermore, like the organizations analyzed in Jeffrey Pfeffer and Gerald Salancik's classic exposition of resource dependency theory, in the face of heightened environmental complexity and uncertainty the CWA used political action, growth strategies, and inter-organizational linkages to gain advantage. The CWA conformed to another prediction of contingency theory by using an integration strategy—specifically, by making simultaneous and interactive use of activities in collective bargaining, politics, and organizing—to spur innovation and respond to environmental complexity and uncertainty.

scholarly journals STRATEGI RANTAI PASOKAN USAHA PENGGILINGAN PADI KABUPATEN MERAUKE

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Anthonia Karolina Rejo Lobwaer
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Network ◽  
Integration Strategy ◽  
Rice Milling ◽  
Backward Integration ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The Rice Milling business continues to experience growth and places its position as the first supplier in the rice supply chain. This study aims to determine the activities of rice mills and their supply chain strategies. This research uses a descriptive qualitative. The results of the study found that there were 4 rice milling groups based on their activities, where 3 groups strengthened their position as the first channel with a backward integration strategy vertically so that they had control over suppliers / farmers. The independence of farmers and mutually beneficial partnerships is expected to provide balanced and reasonable benefits to each supply chain network

scholarly journals SWOT ANALYSIS ON IKM KUE BAWANG BINA KARYA OF INDRAGIRI HULU REGENCY

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Meilya Karya Putri ◽  
Fatti Corrina
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Integration Strategy ◽  
Product Development Strategy ◽  
Forward Integration ◽  
Backward Integration

his research aimed to analyze the external and internal environment in IKM Kue Bawang Bina Karya of Indragiri Hulu Regency by using SWOT Analysis. This research was conducted in December 2019. This research used mixed method, a combination between descriptive-qualitative and quantitative methods. The data used were primary and secondary data which were collected through interviews, observation, documentation and questionnaires. The subject and data sources of this research were the Consumers of IKM Kue Bawang Bina Karya of Indragiri Hulu Regency, the Owner of IKM Kue Bawang Bina Karya of Indragiri Hulu Regency, and The Industry and Trade Agency of Indragiri Hulu Regency. The results of this research showed that, currently, IKM Kue Bawang Bina Karya supported aggressive strategies that are applicable, namely Market Development Strategy, Market Penetration Strategy, Product Development Strategy, Forward Integration Strategy, Backward Integration Strategy, Horizontal Integration Strategy, and Diversification Strategy.

Why do people believe in a zero-sum economy?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel G. B. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Everyday Experience ◽  
Coalitional Psychology ◽  
The Face ◽  
Zero Sum

AbstractZero-sum thinking and aversion to trade pervade our society, yet fly in the face of everyday experience and the consensus of economists. Boyer & Petersen's (B&P's) evolutionary model invokes coalitional psychology to explain these puzzling intuitions. I raise several empirical challenges to this explanation, proposing two alternative mechanisms – intuitive mercantilism (assigning value to money rather than goods) and errors in perspective-taking.

Mars: was There an Ancient Eden?

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 203-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias C. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Answer ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Habitable Zones ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Early Mars ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Rocky Planets ◽  
Impact Erosion

AbstractThe clear evidence of water erosion on the surface of Mars suggests an early climate much more clement than the present one. Using a model for the origin of inner planet atmospheres by icy planetesimal impact, it is possible to reconstruct the original volatile inventory on Mars, starting from the thin atmosphere we observe today. Evidence for cometary impact can be found in the present abundances and isotope ratios of gases in the atmosphere and in SNC meteorites. If we invoke impact erosion to account for the present excess of129Xe, we predict an early inventory equivalent to at least 7.5 bars of CO2. This reservoir of volatiles is adequate to produce a substantial greenhouse effect, provided there is some small addition of SO2(volcanoes) or reduced gases (cometary impact). Thus it seems likely that conditions on early Mars were suitable for the origin of life – biogenic elements and liquid water were present at favorable conditions of pressure and temperature. Whether life began on Mars remains an open question, receiving hints of a positive answer from recent work on one of the Martian meteorites. The implications for habitable zones around other stars include the need to have rocky planets with sufficient mass to preserve atmospheres in the face of intensive early bombardment.

Evidence for a shear mechanism for the precipitation of γ-zirconium hydride in zirconium

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
G.J.C. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Strain Field ◽  
Zirconium Hydride ◽  
Zirconium Atom ◽  
Atom Diffusion ◽  
Solvus Temperature ◽  
Hexagonal Close Packed ◽  
Partial Dislocations ◽  
The Face

In zirconium-hydrogen alloys, rapid cooling from an elevated temperature causes precipitation of the face-centred tetragonal (fct) phase, γZrH, in the form of needles, parallel to the close-packed <1120>zr directions (1). With low hydrogen concentrations, the hydride solvus is sufficiently low that zirconium atom diffusion cannot occur. For example, with 6 μg/g hydrogen, the solvus temperature is approximately 370 K (2), at which only the hydrogen diffuses readily. Shears are therefore necessary to produce the crystallographic transformation from hexagonal close-packed (hep) zirconium to fct hydride.The simplest mechanism for the transformation is the passage of Shockley partial dislocations having Burgers vectors (b) of the type 1/3<0110> on every second (0001)Zr plane. If the partial dislocations are in the form of loops with the same b, the crosssection of a hydride precipitate will be as shown in fig.1. A consequence of this type of transformation is that a cumulative shear, S, is produced that leads to a strain field in the surrounding zirconium matrix, as illustrated in fig.2a.

A study of interface sliding at F.C.C.-B.C.C. boundaries in a Cu-Zn alloy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 422-423
Author(s):  
F. Monchoux ◽  
A. Rocher ◽  
J.L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Diffusion Treatment ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
The Face ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Interface Sliding ◽  
Zn Alloy ◽  
Made In

Interphase sliding is an important phenomenon of high temperature plasticity. In order to study the microstructural changes associated with it, as well as its influence on the strain rate dependence on stress and temperature, plane boundaries were obtained by welding together two polycrystals of Cu-Zn alloys having the face centered cubic and body centered cubic structures respectively following the procedure described in (1). These specimens were then deformed in shear along the interface on a creep machine (2) at the same temperature as that of the diffusion treatment so as to avoid any precipitation. The present paper reports observations by conventional and high voltage electron microscopy of the microstructure of both phases, in the vicinity of the phase boundary, after different creep tests corresponding to various deformation conditions.Foils were cut by spark machining out of the bulk samples, 0.2 mm thick. They were then electropolished down to 0.1 mm, after which a hole with thin edges was made in an area including the boundary

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