A Novel Control Scheme for Utility-Scale Inverter-Based Resources to Emulate Synchronous Generator Fault Response and Retain Existing Protection Infrastructure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kelly ◽  
Pratap Mysore ◽  
Ned Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Utility Scale

Adaptive SRF-PLL Based Voltage and Frequency Control of Hybrid Standalone WECS with PMSG-BESS

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Jain ◽  
R. Saravanakumar ◽  
S. Shankar ◽  
V. Vanitha
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Control Scheme

Abstract The variable-speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) attracts the maximum power from wind, but voltage-regulation and frequency-control of the system in standalone operation is a challenging task A modern-control-based-tracking of power from wind for its best utilization is proposed in this paper for standalone PMSG based hybrid-WECS comprising Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). An Adaptive Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked-Loop (SRF-PLL) based control scheme for load side bi-directional voltage source converter (VSC) is presented for the system. MATLAB/Simulink model is developed for simulation study for the proposed system and the effectiveness of the controller for bi-directional-converter is discussed under different operating conditions: like variable wind-velocity, sudden load variation, and load unbalancing. Converter control scheme enhances the power smoothening, supply-load power-matching. Also it is able to regulate the active & reactive power from PMSG-BESS hybrid system with control of fluctuations in voltage & frequency with respect to varying operating conditions. Proposed controller successfully offers reactive-power-compensation, harmonics-reduction, and power-balancing. The proposed scheme is based on proportional & integral (PI) controller. Also system is experimentally validated in the laboratory-environment and results are presented here.

Enhancement of low-voltage ride-through capability of permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbine by applying state-estimation technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-377
Author(s):  
Sayyed Ali Akbar Shahriari ◽  
Mohammad Mohammadi ◽  
Mahdi Raoofat
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
State Estimation ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Voltage Measurement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Voltage Ride Through ◽  
Speed Sensor ◽  
Control Scheme

Purpose The purpose of this study is to propose a control scheme based on state estimation algorithm to improve zero or low-voltage ride-through capability of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine. Design/methodology/approach Based on the updated grid codes, during and after faults, it is necessary to ensure wind energy generation in the network. PMSG is a type of wind energy technology that is growing rapidly in the network. The control scheme based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed to improve the low voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability of the PMSG. In the control scheme, because the state estimation algorithm is applied, the requirement of DC link voltage measurement device and generator speed sensor is removed. Furthermore, by applying this technique, the extent of possible noise on measurement tools is reduced. Findings In the proposed control scheme, zero or low-voltage ride-through capability of PMSG is enhanced. Furthermore, the requirement of DC link voltage measurement device and generator speed sensor is removed and the amount of possible noise on the measurement tools is minimized. To evaluate the ability of the proposed method, four different cases, including short and long duration short circuit fault close to PMSG in the presence and absence of measurement noise are studied. The results confirm the superiority of the proposed method. Originality/value This study introduces EKF to enhance LVRT capability of a PMSG wind turbine.

scholarly journals Optimal Transient Search Algorithm-Based PI Controllers for Enhancing Low Voltage Ride-Through Ability of Grid-Linked PMSG-Based Wind Turbine

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1807
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Qais ◽  
Hany M. Hasanien ◽  
Saad Alghuwainem
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Pi Control ◽  
Low Voltage Ride Through ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Pi Controllers ◽  
Grid Side

This paper depicts a new attempt to apply a novel transient search optimization (TSO) algorithm to optimally design the proportional-integral (PI) controllers. Optimal PI controllers are utilized in all converters of a grid-linked permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) powered by a variable-speed wind turbine. The converters of such wind energy systems contain a generator-side converter (GSC) and a grid-side inverter (GSI). Both of these converters are optimally controlled by the proposed TSO-based PI controllers using a vector control scheme. The GSC is responsible for regulating the maximum power point, the reactive generator power, and the generator currents. In addition, the GSI is essentially controlled to control the point of common coupling (PCC) voltage, DC link voltage, and the grid currents. The TSO is applied to minimize the fitness function, which has the sum of these variables’ squared error. The optimization problem’s constraints include the range of the proportional and integral gains of the PI controllers. All the simulation studies, including the TSO code, are implemented using PSCAD software. This represents a salient and new contribution of this study, where the TSO is coded using Fortran language within PSCAD software. The TSO-PI control scheme’s effectiveness is compared with that achieved by using a recent grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm–PI control scheme. The validity of the proposed TSO–PI controllers is tested under several network disturbances, such as subjecting the system to balanced and unbalanced faults. With the optimal TSO–PI controller, the low voltage ride-through ability of the grid-linked PMSG can be further improved.

scholarly journals The Strategy of Active Grid Frequency Support for Virtual Synchronous Generator

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Lingfang Yang ◽  
Junpeng Ma ◽  
Shunliang Wang ◽  
Tianqi Liu ◽  
Zihao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
High Pass Filter ◽  
Active Grid ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
High Pass ◽  
Virtual Synchronous Generator

Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control is a promising control approach for voltage source converters as an interface between new energy sources and the power grid. VSG is a grid-friendly control scheme, which can imitate the mechanical inertia of the synchronous generator (SG) and the power droop characteristics. Yet, the droop characteristics imitation of SG induces the frequency variation of the grid-connected inverter along with the droop characteristic curve, which will deteriorate the performance of the grid frequency support during the transient process. In this paper, a control scheme, which shapes the droop curve during the disturbance, is proposed for active grid frequency support. First, a load disturbance extraction strategy with a high-pass filter is applied in the proposed method, and the disturbance component is effectively extracted to compensate for the frequency reference variation in traditional VSG control. The grid frequency is actively supported by shaping the droop curve of active power to the frequency of VSG during the disturbance. Afterward, H∞ and H2 norms are used as the objective function to quantify the control performance of the proposed method, and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to optimize the control parameters of the proposed method. With a well-optimized high-pass filter, the active support performance is further improved. Finally, the simulation results and hardware in the loop (HIL) tests verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

An Enhanced Control Scheme for an IPM Synchronous Generator Based Wind Turbine With MTPA Trajectory and Maximum Power Extraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 556-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mujaddid Morshed Chowdhury ◽  
Md Enamul Haque ◽  
Sajeeb Saha ◽  
Md Apel Mahmud ◽  
Ameen Gargoom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Control Scheme

scholarly journals A Novel Control Scheme for Multi-Terminal Low-Frequency AC Electrical Energy Transmission Systems Using Modular Multilevel Matrix Converters and Virtual Synchronous Generator Concept

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Al-Tameemi ◽  
Yushi Miura ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Hassan Bevrani ◽  
Toshifumi Ise
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Matrix Converters ◽  
R Ratio ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Virtual Synchronous Generator

This paper proposes a new control scheme for the low frequency AC transmission (LFAC) system aiming at extending the point-to-point configuration to form a multi-terminal electrical energy network. The multi-terminal low frequency ac (MT-LFAC) system configuration is based on the use of modular multilevel matrix converters (M3Cs) and virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control. The M3C is the next ac/ac converter generation, which is used as an interface with the conventional AC network and the LFAC electrical energy system. Application of VSG control is proposed to enable proper power sharing, to provide synchronization of each terminal, and frequency stabilization, thus, to offer multiterminal forming capability. Two different operation modes are applied in the system to damp the frequency deviation after a dynamic perturbation, which provides additional stabilization feature to the VSG. Frequency restoration mode and commanded mode of power sharing are applied as dynamic states to validate the robustness of the VSG control system. Besides, to solve the negative impact of low X/R ratio in the LFAC electrical energy system, we enhance the VSG control by proposing a virtual-impedance-based solution, which increases the output total impedance on the low frequency side and prevents the coupling between P and Q. The operation of the proposed system is examined by simulation results with a precise model of M3Cs in the PSCAD/ EMTDC software environment (version 4.2.1, Winnipeg, MB, Canada).

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