A methodology for the use of single level RDBMS software in a multi-level secured system

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.O. Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
Single Level ◽  
Multi Level

scholarly journals Unsupervised Multi-Level Feature Extraction for Improvement of Hyperspectral Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Qiaoqiao Sun ◽  
Xuefeng Liu ◽  
Salah Bourennane
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Single Level ◽  
Multiple Networks ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Hyperspectral Classification

Deep learning models have strong abilities in learning features and they have been successfully applied in hyperspectral images (HSIs). However, the training of most deep learning models requires labeled samples and the collection of labeled samples are labor-consuming in HSI. In addition, single-level features from a single layer are usually considered, which may result in the loss of some important information. Using multiple networks to obtain multi-level features is a solution, but at the cost of longer training time and computational complexity. To solve these problems, a novel unsupervised multi-level feature extraction framework that is based on a three dimensional convolutional autoencoder (3D-CAE) is proposed in this paper. The designed 3D-CAE is stacked by fully 3D convolutional layers and 3D deconvolutional layers, which allows for the spectral-spatial information of targets to be mined simultaneously. Besides, the 3D-CAE can be trained in an unsupervised way without involving labeled samples. Moreover, the multi-level features are directly obtained from the encoded layers with different scales and resolutions, which is more efficient than using multiple networks to get them. The effectiveness of the proposed multi-level features is verified on two hyperspectral data sets. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has great promise in unsupervised feature learning and can help us to further improve the hyperspectral classification when compared with single-level features.

scholarly journals A Collision Dynamics Model of a Multi-Level Train

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Priante ◽  
David Tyrell ◽  
Benjamin Perlman
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Collision Dynamics ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Single Level ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Front End ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Low Speeds ◽  
Vertical Accelerations

In train collisions, multi-level rail passenger vehicles can deform in modes that are different from the behavior of single level cars. The deformation in single level cars usually occurs at the front end during a collision. In one particular incident, a cab car buckled laterally near the back end of the car. The buckling of the car caused both lateral and vertical accelerations, which led to unanticipated injuries to the occupants. A three-dimensional collision dynamics model of a multi-level passenger train has been developed to study the influence of multi-level design parameters and possible train configuration variations on the reactions of a multi-level car in a collision. This model can run multiple scenarios of a train collision. This paper investigates two hypotheses that could account for the unexpected mode of deformation. The first hypothesis emphasizes the non-symmetric resistance of a multi-level car to longitudinal loads. The structure is irregular since the stairwells, supports for tanks, and draglinks vary from side to side and end to end. Since one side is less strong, that side can crush more during a collision. The second hypothesis uses characteristics that are nearly symmetric on each side. Initial imperfections in train geometry induce eccentric loads on the vehicles. For both hypotheses, the deformation modes depend on the closing speed of the collision. When the characteristics are non-symmetric, and the load is applied in-line, two modes of deformation are seen. At low speeds, the couplers crush, and the cars saw-tooth buckle. At high speeds, the front end of the cab car crushes, and the cars remain in-line. If an offset load is applied, the back stairwell of the first coach car crushes unevenly, and the cars saw-tooth buckle. For the second hypothesis, the characteristics are symmetric. At low speeds, the couplers crush, and the cars remain in-line. At higher speeds, the front end crushes, and the cars remain in-line. If an offset load is applied to a car with symmetric characteristics, the cars will saw-tooth buckle.

scholarly journals Supply Chain Logistics in Multi-Level Just-in-Time Production Sequencing Problems

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyan Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Sergei Silvestrov
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Efficient Frontier ◽  
Nonlinear Integer Programming ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Time Production ◽  
Sequencing Problem ◽  
Single Level ◽  
Supply Chain Logistics ◽  
Multi Level

The multi-level just-in-time sequencing problem is one of the challenging research areas in supply chain management. In this paper, we present brief review and some recent research developments of just-in-time production systems together with supply chain logistics. Observing production flows and supply chain synchronization in production process, we present the mathematical models of just-in-time (JIT) sequencing problem in multi-level and single-level as nonlinear integer programming in terms of discrepancy functions under the specified constraints. Discrete apportionment approach is briefly reported as an efficient frontier for single-level.  Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2015, 11(1): 91-100

An algorithm of economic substantiation of using multi-level networking cooperation for the substitution of import

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 158-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Курбанов ◽  
Artur Kurbanov ◽  
Стариков ◽  
Sergey Starikov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Organizational Form ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Investment Management ◽  
Network Cooperation ◽  
Single Level ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
International Sanctions

The article shows that multi-level network cooperation can be an effective tool for organizing import substitution industries in the Russian Federation under international sanctions, but its use prevents the lack of scientific and methodological support of its application. It is shown that the existing methodological apparatus designed for single-level outsourcing can not be moved in case of multi-level cooperation because of the fundamental differences between these types of networking. A list of these differences is given. An algorithm for choosing the optimal organizational form, based on the criterion of minimum total costs (which are the sum of investment, management and operating costs) is presented.

Multi-Level Political Leadership: Dynamics and Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-110
Author(s):  
Eva Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Single Level ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Leadership Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

In the age of governance, political leadership is a multi-level activity. Multi-level governance research shows that policy-making at national, transnational, and subnational levels of governance is increasingly tangled, interconnected, and overlapping. Political leadership research has mainly focused on how politicians perform political leadership at a single level of governance, however. Chapter 8 develops a concept of multi-level political leadership, which aims to capture how political leadership involves efforts to affect decisions made by politicians appointed at other levels of governance. The conditions and opportunities for performing multi-level political leadership vary between politicians authorized at transnational, national, and subnational levels of governance. Community sentiments are not equally strong among all citizens; politicians at different levels do not have the same type and amount of NATO resources; public attention varies; and the impact and influence that national, transnational and sub-national politicians are expected to have differ. In light of these differences, expectations are that transnational and subnational politicians are more likely to embrace a multi-level leadership approach than national politicians will.

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