Industrial Software Developments Effort Estimation Model

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahab Nadir ◽  
Detlef Streitferdt ◽  
Christina Burggraf
Keyword(s):  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Industrial Software

scholarly journals Improved Effort and Cost Estimation Model Using Artificial Neural Networks and Taguchi Method with Different Activation Functions

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 854
Author(s):  
Nevena Rankovic ◽  
Dragica Rankovic ◽  
Mirjana Ivanovic ◽  
Ljubomir Lazic
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Activation Functions ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Artificial Neural

Software estimation involves meeting a huge number of different requirements, such as resource allocation, cost estimation, effort estimation, time estimation, and the changing demands of software product customers. Numerous estimation models try to solve these problems. In our experiment, a clustering method of input values to mitigate the heterogeneous nature of selected projects was used. Additionally, homogeneity of the data was achieved with the fuzzification method, and we proposed two different activation functions inside a hidden layer, during the construction of artificial neural networks (ANNs). In this research, we present an experiment that uses two different architectures of ANNs, based on Taguchi’s orthogonal vector plans, to satisfy the set conditions, with additional methods and criteria for validation of the proposed model, in this approach. The aim of this paper is the comparative analysis of the obtained results of mean magnitude relative error (MMRE) values. At the same time, our goal is also to find a relatively simple architecture that minimizes the error value while covering a wide range of different software projects. For this purpose, six different datasets are divided into four chosen clusters. The obtained results show that the estimation of diverse projects by dividing them into clusters can contribute to an efficient, reliable, and accurate software product assessment. The contribution of this paper is in the discovered solution that enables the execution of a small number of iterations, which reduces the execution time and achieves the minimum error.

scholarly journals Causal-Effect Analysis using Bayesian LiNGAM Comparing with Correlation Analysis in Function Point Metrics and Effort

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanari Kondo ◽  
Osamu Mizuno ◽  
Eun-Hye Choi
Keyword(s):  
Causal Effect ◽  
Task Assignment ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Software Effort Estimation ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Function Point ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Non Gaussian

Software effort estimation is a critical task for successful software development, which is necessary for appropriately managing software task assignment and schedule and consequently producing high quality software. Function Point (FP) metrics are commonly used for software effort estimation. To build a good effort estimation model, independent explanatory variables corresponding to FP metrics are required to avoid a multicollinearity problem. For this reason, previous studies have tackled analyzing correlation relationships between FP metrics. However, previous results on the relationships have some inconsistencies. To obtain evidences for such inconsistent results and achieve more effective effort estimation, we propose a novel analysis, which investigates causal-effect relationships between FP metrics and effort. We use an advanced linear non-Gaussian acyclic model called BayesLiNGAM for our causal-effect analysis, and compare the correlation relationships with the causal-effect relationships between FP metrics. In this paper, we report several new findings including the most effective FP metric for effort estimation investigated by our analysis using two datasets.

scholarly journals MINING EFFORT DATA FROM THE OSS REPOSITORY OF DEVELOPER’S BUG FIX ACTIVITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-128
Author(s):  
Syed Nadeem Ahsan ◽  
Muhammad Tanvir Afzal ◽  
Safdar Zaman ◽  
Christian Gütel ◽  
Franz Wotawa
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Actual Time ◽  
History Of

During the evolution of any software, efforts are made to fix bugs or to add new features in software. In software engineering, previous history of effort data is required to build an effort estimation model, which estimates the cost and complexity of any software. Therefore, the role of effort data is indispensable to build state-of-the-art effort estimation models. Most of the Open Source Software does not maintain any effort related information. Consequently there is no state-of-the-art effort estimation model for Open Source Software, whereas most of the existing effort models are for commercial software. In this paper we present an approach to build an effort estimation model for Open Source Software. For this purpose we suggest to mine effort data from the history of the developer’s bug fix activities. Our approach determines the actual time spend to fix a bug, and considers it as an estimated effort. Initially, we use the developer’s bug-fix-activity data to construct the developer’s activity log-book. The log-book is used to store the actual time elapsed to fix a bug. Subsequently, the log-book information is used to mine the bug fix effort data. Furthermore, the developer’s bug fix activity data is used to define three different measures for the developer’s contribution or expertise level. Finally, we used the bug-fix-activity data to visualize the developer’s collaborations and the involved source files. In order to perform an experiment we selected the Mozilla open source project and downloaded 93,607 bug reports from the Mozilla project bug tracking system i.e., Bugzilla. We also downloaded the available CVS-log data from the Mozilla project repository. In this study we reveal that in case of Mozilla only 4.9% developers have been involved in fixing 71.5% of the reported bugs.

Duplex output software effort estimation model with self-guided interpretation

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Mensah ◽  
Jacky Keung ◽  
Michael Franklin Bosu ◽  
Kwabena Ebo Bennin
Keyword(s):  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Software Effort Estimation ◽  
Estimation Model

Software Estimation Framework for Mobile Application Projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
Shailesh Kumar ◽  
Anant R. Koppar
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Adjustment Factor ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Mobile Web ◽  
Software Estimation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Comprehensive Coverage

As mobile devices are becoming the primary access channels for information, the authors need to have accurate effort estimation model for mobile application projects. In this paper the authors discuss “Mobile application estimation framework” that was designed based on 14 mobile application projects and was validated against 5 mobile application projects. In this paper the authors discuss the estimation framework for both native/hybrid mobile application projects and mobile web application projects. The proposed “Mobile application estimation framework” provides comprehensive coverage for various factors involved in mobile estimation such as layer-wise components, horizontal components and others. The estimation framework also considers the cost drivers and is used as effort adjustment factor. The proposed mobile application estimation framework achieved the MMRE of 0.207 with pred (0.3) of 80%.

An Algorithmic-Based Change Effort Estimation Model for Software Development

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sufyan Basri ◽  
Nazri Kama ◽  
Haslina Md Sarkan ◽  
Saiful Adli ◽  
Faizura Haneem
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Change Effort

scholarly journals Duration Estimation Models for Open Source Software Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Donatien Koulla Moulla ◽  
◽  
Alain Abran ◽  
Kolyang
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Duration Estimation ◽  
Estimation Models

For software organizations that rely on Open Source Software (OSS) to develop customer solutions and products, it is essential to accurately estimate how long it will take to deliver the expected functionalities. While OSS is supported by government policies around the world, most of the research on software project estimation has focused on conventional projects with commercial licenses. OSS effort estimation is challenging since OSS participants do not record effort data in OSS repositories. However, OSS data repositories contain dates of the participants’ contributions and these can be used for duration estimation. This study analyses historical data on WordPress and Swift projects to estimate OSS project duration using either commits or lines of code (LOC) as the independent variable. This study proposes first an improved classification of contributors based on the number of active days for each contributor in the development period of a release. For the WordPress and Swift OSS projects environments the results indicate that duration estimation models using the number of commits as the independent variable perform better than those using LOC. The estimation model for full-time contributors gives an estimate of the total duration, while the models with part-time and occasional contributors lead to better estimates of projects duration with both for the commits data and the lines of data.

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