Simulation method for voltage control and system development of a distribution network with large-scale photovoltaic

Sphingolipids are a specialized group of lipids essential to the composition of the plasma membrane of many cell types; however, they are primarily localized within the nervous system. The amphipathic properties of sphingolipids enable their participation in a variety of intricate metabolic pathways. Sphingoid bases are the building blocks for all sphingolipid derivatives, comprising a complex class of lipids. The biosynthesis and catabolism of these lipids play an integral role in small- and large-scale body functions, including participation in membrane domains and signalling; cell proliferation, death, migration, and invasiveness; inflammation; and central nervous system development. Recently, sphingolipids have become the focus of several fields of research in the medical and biological sciences, as these bioactive lipids have been identified as potent signalling and messenger molecules. Sphingolipids are now being exploited as therapeutic targets for several pathologies. Here we present a comprehensive review of the structure and metabolism of sphingolipids and their many functional roles within the cell. In addition, we highlight the role of sphingolipids in several pathologies, including inflammatory disease, cystic fibrosis, cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and lysosomal storage disorders.

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Investigation of the Impact of Large-Scale Integration of Electric Vehicles for a Swedish Distribution Network

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12244717 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 4717 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sylvester Johansson ◽

Jonas Persson ◽

Stavros Lazarou ◽

Andreas Theocharis

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicles ◽

Power Distribution ◽

Large Scale ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Distribution Network ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Smart Charging ◽

Large Scale Integration ◽

Scale Integration ◽

The Impact

Social considerations for a sustainable future lead to market demands for electromobility. Hence, electrical power distribution operators are concerned about the real ongoing problem of the electrification of the transport sector. In this regard, the paper aims to investigate the large-scale integration of electric vehicles in a Swedish distribution network. To this end, the integration pattern is taken into consideration as appears in the literature for other countries and applies to the Swedish culture. Moreover, different charging power levels including smart charging techniques are examined for several percentages of electric vehicles penetration. Industrial simulation tools proven for their accuracy are used for the study. The results indicate that the grid can manage about 50% electric vehicles penetration at its current capacity. This percentage decreases when higher charging power levels apply, while the transformers appear overloaded in many cases. The investigation of alternatives to increase the grid’s capabilities reveal that smart techniques are comparable to the conventional re-dimension of the grid. At present, the increased integration of electric vehicles is manageable by implementing a combination of smart gird and upgrade investments in comparison to technically expensive alternatives based on grid digitalization and algorithms that need to be further confirmed for their reliability for power sharing and energy management.

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Dynamic optimization of reactive power and voltage control in distribution network considering the connection of DFIG

2011 IEEE Power Engineering and Automation Conference ◽

10.1109/peam.2011.6134788 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhihan Jiang ◽

Jinfu Chen ◽

Naihu Li ◽

Meiqi Yao ◽

Huijie Li

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Optimization ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Distribution Network ◽

Voltage Control

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A real-time control method-based simulation for high-speed trains on large-scale rail network

International Journal of Modern Physics C ◽

10.1142/s0129183117501261 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 1750126 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yutong Liu ◽

Chengxuan Cao ◽

Yaling Zhou ◽

Ziyan Feng

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Traffic Flow ◽

High Speed ◽

Large Scale ◽

Simulation Method ◽

Real Time Control ◽

Rail Network ◽

Time Control ◽

High Speed Trains ◽

Rail Traffic

In this paper, an improved real-time control model based on the discrete-time method is constructed to control and simulate the movement of high-speed trains on large-scale rail network. The constraints of acceleration and deceleration are introduced in this model, and a more reasonable definition of the minimal headway is also presented. Considering the complicated rail traffic environment in practice, we propose a set of sound operational strategies to excellently control traffic flow on rail network under various conditions. Several simulation experiments with different parameter combinations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the control simulation method. The experimental results are similar to realistic environment and some characteristics of rail traffic flow are also investigated, especially the impact of stochastic disturbances and the minimal headway on the rail traffic flow on large-scale rail network, which can better assist dispatchers in analysis and decision-making. Meanwhile, experimental results also demonstrate that the proposed control simulation method can be in real-time control of traffic flow for high-speed trains not only on the simple rail line, but also on the complicated large-scale network such as China’s high-speed rail network and serve as a tool of simulating the traffic flow on large-scale rail network to study the characteristics of rail traffic flow.

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Thermo-mechanical coupling particle simulation of three-dimensional large-scale non-isothermal problems

Engineering Computations ◽

10.1108/ec-04-2016-0135 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 1551-1571 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ming Xia

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Simulation Method ◽

Particle Simulation ◽

Similarity Criteria ◽

Particle Model ◽

Length Scale ◽

Content Type ◽

Mechanical Coupling ◽

Particle Simulation Method

Purpose The main purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive upscale theory of the thermo-mechanical coupling particle simulation for three-dimensional (3D) large-scale non-isothermal problems, so that a small 3D length-scale particle model can exactly reproduce the same mechanical and thermal results with that of a large 3D length-scale one. Design/methodology/approach The objective is achieved by following the scaling methodology proposed by Feng and Owen (2014). Findings After four basic physical quantities and their similarity-ratios are chosen, the derived quantities and its similarity-ratios can be derived from its dimensions. As the proposed comprehensive 3D upscale theory contains five similarity criteria, it reveals the intrinsic relationship between the particle-simulation solution obtained from a small 3D length-scale (e.g. a laboratory length-scale) model and that obtained from a large 3D length-scale (e.g. a geological length-scale) one. The scale invariance of the 3D interaction law in the thermo-mechanical coupled particle model is examined. The proposed 3D upscale theory is tested through two typical examples. Finally, a practical application example of 3D transient heat flow in a solid with constant heat flux is given to illustrate the performance of the proposed 3D upscale theory in the thermo-mechanical coupling particle simulation of 3D large-scale non-isothermal problems. Both the benchmark tests and application example are provided to demonstrate the correctness and usefulness of the proposed 3D upscale theory for simulating 3D non-isothermal problems using the particle simulation method. Originality/value The paper provides some important theoretical guidance to modeling 3D large-scale non-isothermal problems at both the engineering length-scale (i.e. the meter-scale) and the geological length-scale (i.e. the kilometer-scale) using the particle simulation method directly.

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