A Multimodal Direct Gaze Interface for Wheelchairs and Teleoperated Robots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isamu Poy ◽  
Liang Wu ◽  
Bertram E. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Direct Gaze ◽  
Teleoperated Robots

scholarly journals Diverted Gaze Captures Attention Easier Than Direct Gaze

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. S194-S195
Author(s):  
Enguang Chen ◽  
Hailing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Direct Gaze

Exophoria: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment. The modern view on the problem. Literature review

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
O.A. Lipunova ◽  
◽  
I.L. Plisov ◽  
V.V. Cherhykh ◽  
N.G. Antsiferova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Type A ◽  
The State ◽  
Type A Pattern ◽  
Direct Gaze ◽  
Modern View ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Horizontal Type ◽  
Type V ◽  
Gaze Position

Purpose. Create a summary classification of exophoria. To propose an optimal algorithm for optometric and surgical methods of treatment. A modern view of the problem. It is optimal to subdivide exophoria according to the state of the vergent-duction balance into divergence excess, basic exophoria, convergence insufficiency, divergence pseudo-excess, lateral gaze incomitance. By the degree of compensation for compensated, subcompensated, uncompensated, decompensated. In combination with alphabetic pattern for exophoria without pattern, exophoria in combination with horizontal type A pattern, exophoria in combination with vertical type A pattern, exophoria in combination with horizontal type V pattern, exophoria in combination with vertical type V pattern. Features of optimal optical and prismatic correction depend on the state of the vergent-duction balance. In cases of exophoria without pattern surgical treatment is carried out during the transition from a state of subcompensation to non-compensation. In case of exophoria with horizontal-type alphabetical pattern, combined horizontal-transpositional surgery is optimal: elimination of exophoria, the protocol is based on the amount of deviation in the direct gaze position; elimination of the pattern, the protocol is based on vertical transposition of muscles of horizontal action. In cases of exophoria with vertical-type pattern, it is necessary to perform staged vertical-horizontal surgery: stage 1 – elimination of vertical heterotropy in adduction; stage 2 – elimination of exophoria (the protocol is based on the amount of deviation in the direct gaze position). Conclusions. The treatment protocol should be based on a reliably diagnosed diagnosis and consists at the pre-surgical stage in the optimal optical and prismatic correction, the appointment of orthopto-diplopto-prismatic treatment. The effectiveness of treatment is assessed by the dynamics of the disease: the magnitude of exodeviation and the stage of compensation. The protocol of surgical treatment must be reasonable and timely. Key words: exophoria, divergence excess, convergence insufficiency, basic exotropia, lateral gaze incomitance, alphabet pattern.

Effects of unilateral frontal eye-field lesions on eye-head coordination in monkey

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van der Steen ◽  
I. S. Russell ◽  
G. O. James
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Behavioral Task ◽  
Direct Gaze ◽  
Relative Neglect ◽  
Eye Field

We studied the effects of unilateral frontal eye-field (FEF) lesions on eye-head coordination in monkeys that were trained to perform a visual search task. Eye and head movements were recorded with the scleral search coil technique using phase angle detection in a homogeneous electromagnetic field. In the visual search task all three animals showed a neglect for stimuli presented in the field contralateral to the lesion. In two animals the neglect disappeared within 2-3 wk. One animal had a lasting deficit. We found that FEF lesions that are restricted to area 8 cause only temporary deficits in eye and head movements. Up to a week after the lesion the animals had a strong preference to direct gaze and head to the side ipsilateral to the lesion. Animals tracked objects in contralateral space with combined eye and head movements, but failed to do this with the eyes alone. It was found that within a few days after the lesion, eye and head movements in the direction of the target were initiated, but they were inadequate and had long latencies. Within 1 wk latencies had regained preoperative values. Parallel with the recovery on the behavioral task, head movements became more prominent than before the lesion. Four weeks after the lesion, peak velocity of the head movement had increased by a factor of two, whereas the duration showed a twofold decrease compared with head movements before the lesion. No effects were seen on the duration and peak velocity of gaze. After the recovery on the behavioral task had stabilized, a relative neglect in the hemifield contralateral to the lesion could still be demonstrated by simultaneously presenting two stimuli in the left and right visual hemifields. The neglect is not due to a sensory deficit, but to a disorder of programming. The recovery from unilateral neglect after a FEF lesion is the result of a different orienting behavior, in which head movements become more important. It is concluded that the FEF plays an important role in the organization and coordination of eye and head movements and that lesions of this area result in subtle but permanent changes in eye-head coordination.

Affective-motivational brain responses to direct gaze in children with autism spectrum disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 790-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneli Kylliäinen ◽  
Simon Wallace ◽  
Marc N. Coutanche ◽  
Jukka M. Leppänen ◽  
James Cusack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Direct Gaze ◽  
Brain Responses

Group Interactions with Robots in a Robotics Tournament

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1276-1280
Author(s):  
Lixiao Huang ◽  
Douglas Gillan
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Students ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Teleoperated Robots ◽  
Observation Method

In a dynamic environment that involves multiple humans and multiple robots, competitive and collaborative work, and high time pressure, understanding how team players interact with each other and with teleoperated robots has a significant potential to improve human–robot team performance. This study used a naturalistic observation method to explore group interactions with robots during a qualifying robotics tournament. Teams of high school students had six weeks to design, build, and program a robot that plays a field game against other robots. In each match, three robot teams played collaboratively as an alliance against the other three-team alliance, gaining points by defending their stronghold and conquering the opponent’s stronghold. The study identified five areas where groups interacted with robots in a typical tournament (e.g., pit, queuing hall, and match field) and major team roles (e.g., mechanical, programming, electrical work, marketing, and driving). Critical group interactions with robots were captured in several situations, varying according to activity areas and individuals’ roles on their robotic teams. Potential cognitive and emotional issues, future research directions, and implications of the study were discussed.

The Stela of the Laws of Hammurabi and the Representation of Political Power

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-48
Author(s):  
Pamela Barmash
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Direct Gaze ◽  
Stone Monument ◽  
Cultural Power ◽  
Set Up

This chapter explains how the Stela (stone monument) of the Laws of Hammurabi was employed as a manifestation of political power. A royal investiture scene is at the top of the Stela, and the artist manipulated the imagery cleverly to enhance the legitimacy and authority of Hammurabi. Standard imagery is skillfully reconfigured to exalt him. The king stands alone before Shamash, the god of justice, and the direct gaze between them symbolizes their close bond and the near equality of their status. Other elements in the imagery vividly promoted the message that Hammurabi had been exalted and authorized as king by the gods. It is not surprising, then, that a number of stelas inscribed with the Laws of Hammurabi were set up. Ironically, the Stela itself was seized centuries later by another king wanting to manifest his authority, and then by a modern state displaying its cultural power.

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