Novel Platform for Regulation of Extracellular Vesicles and Metabolites Secretion from Cells Using a Multi-Linkable Horizontal Co-Culture Plate

Microfluidics is applied in biotechnology research via the creation of microfluidic channels and reaction vessels. Filters are considered to be able to simulate microfluidics. A typical example is the cell culture insert, which comprises two vessels connected by a filter. Cell culture inserts have been used for years to study cell-to-cell communication. These systems generally have a bucket-in-bucket structure and are hereafter referred to as a vertical-type co-culture plate (VTCP). However, VTCPs have several disadvantages, such as the inability to simultaneously observe samples in both containers and the inability of cell-to-cell communication through the filters at high cell densities. In this study, we developed a novel horizontal-type co-culture plate (HTCP) to overcome these disadvantages and confirm its performance. In addition, we clarified the migration characteristics of substances secreted from cells in horizontal co-culture vessels. It is generally assumed that less material is exchanged between the horizontal vessels. However, the extracellular vesicle (EV) transfer was found to be twice as high when using HTCP. Other merits include control of the degree of co-culture via the placement of cells. We believe that this novel HTCP container will facilitate research on cell-to-cell communication in various fields.

Design Of Horizontal Type Of Wind Turbine On A Highrise Building

In making a horizontal type wind turbine, of course, it is necessary to analyze it in depth, one of which is by predicting the production of wind energy produced by the wind turbine to estimate the wind power in the wind turbine which will later be applied. Wind energy sources that are commonly used are located in rural areas, fields and even there is such a large amount of energy that it is sometimes difficult to reach the power grid and other large areas including the roofs of high-rise buildings. There are many analytical models in wind energy estimation, one of which is often done by many researchers, namely by using the Weibull distribution method. From the measurement results that as many as 1516.37 kWh with a 1 kW wind turbine with a radius of 1 meter (capacity factor 30.09%). Modeling wind turbine blades with NACA 4412 using Qblade software to determine the torsional angle of the blade to be applied so that it is obtained that the torsion angle from the base and The tip of the blade has a tilt angle of 19.05◦ to 6.96° with a maximum Cp of 0.5 this is a pretty good value in designing wind turbine blades.

Engineering and geological conditions of the north-western territory of Makhachkala due to flooding

Определение геоморфологических и геологических условий северо-западной площади г. Махачкалы, включая Новолакский район (Новострой), в связи с процессами засоления, осолонцевания и подтопления сельскохозяйственных земель. В настоящее время город интенсивно расширяется во все стороны. Особенно актуально изучение северо-западной территории г. Махачкалы в связи с подтоплением. Район относится к Прикаспийской низменности с отрицательными отметками рельефа. Отсутствие исследований по указанным проблемам может привести к нежелательным материальным и экологическим последствиям. В связи с подтоплением изменяются и несущие способности грунтов. Изменяются сейсмоакустические свойства грунтов, т.е. скорости распространения продольных (Vp) и поперечных (Vs) волн, а также соответствующие коэффициенты и декременты их поглощения. Цель работы. Определить границы слабо дренированных и весьма слабо дренированных зон, которые выявляют барражные участки территории, и гидрогеологические районы в зависимости от водопроводимости составных верхней и нижней толщ грунтов. Методы исследований. Сбор базы данных инженерно-геологических изысканий по химическому составу грунтовых вод и литологии покровных толщ грунтов. Сбор гидрогеологических параметров разных типов грунтов и гранулометрического состава песков целью интерпретации их фильтрационных свойств. Определение уклона рельефа местности с целью выявления зон дренированности территории. Результаты работы. Представлены таблицы химического состава грунтовых вод по 19-ти объектам и гидрогеологических условий площади по данным инженерно-геологических изысканий по 39-ти объектам, в том числе глубины залегания грунтовых вод, типа грунтов по сейсмичности, глубины залегания коренных пород, трех таксонов гидрогеологических районов, уклонов рельефа. Для выделенных гидрогеологических районов: для ГР-1 рекомендуется горизонтальный тип дренажа, для ГР-2 – вертикальный или комбинированный типы дренажа, для ГР-3 – подземный дренаж не эффективен. Указано о необходимости сейсмического микрорайонирования не только исследованного района, но и всего города Махачкалы, с перспективой дальнейшей застройки. Determination of the geomorphological and geological conditions of the north-western area of Makhachkala, including the Novolaksky district (Novostroy), in connection with the processes of salinization, alkalinization and flooding of agricultural lands. Currently, the city is intensively expanding in all directions. Particularly interesting is the study area of ​​the northwestern territory of Makhachkala due to flooding. It belongs to the Caspian lowland with negative relief marks. Lack of research on these problems can lead to undesirable material and environmental consequences. Due to flooding, the bearing capacity of the soil also changes. The seismoacoustic properties of soils change, i.e. the velocities of propagation of longitudinal (Vp) and transverse (Vs) waves, as well as the corresponding coefficients and decrements of their absorption. Aim.Determine the boundaries of poorly drained and very poorly drained zones, which reveal barrage areas of the territory, and hydrogeological areas, depending on the water permeability of the composite upper and lower soil strata. Methods. Collecting a database of geotechnical surveys on the chemical composition of groundwater and lithology of cover layers of soils. Collecting hydrogeological parameters of different types of soils and granulometric composition of sands in order to interpret their filtration properties. Determination of the slope of the terrain in order to identify the drainage zones of the territory. Results.Presented are tables of the chemical composition of groundwater for 19 objects and hydrogeological conditions of the area according to engineering and geological surveys for 39 objects, including the depth of groundwater, the type of soil in terms of seismicity, the depth of bedrock, three taxa of hydrogeological regions, slopes of the relief. For the selected hydrogeological regions: GR-1 - a horizontal type of drainage is recommended, for GR-2 - vertical or combined types of drainage, for GR-3 - underground drainage is not effective. It is indicated that it is necessary to seismic microzoning not only of the investigated area, but of the entire city of Makhachkala with the prospect of further development.

Horizontal CCMs in small-capacity metallurgy

Production of light-section rolled products and wire rods of alloyed steel grades differs by small volume of yearly output and wide range of smelted grades. To organize production of light-section rolled products of alloyed steel grades in small volumes, OJSC “Spetsmash” elaborated concept of small-capacity production, which was implemented at several plants. It was shown that horizontal CCM can be effectively applied in the small-capacity production within complexes of light-section rolled stock of alloyed steels production. At the plant “Ferrotrade” (Beloretsk) when creating a complex for production wire rods of 6.5 mm diameter of austenite class steels and nickel-based alloys, a horizontal CCM was constructed. Production of 60 mm diameter billets by the machine was mastered, which enabled to apply a rolling mini-mill, characterizing by small dimensions and power. The horizontal CCM, constructed in 2016 at the steelmaking shop of CJSC “Izhevsk pilot-mechanical plant”, was equipped by electromagnetic stirrer (EMS). It was noted that EMS was applied for the first time in domestic metallurgy at the industrial CCM of horizontal type. In the process of this CCM mastering, more than 60 heats were casted into billets of 80, 200 and 120 mm diameter. EMS application resulted in improving average point on the central porosity to 1.2—1.8 depending on the stirring modes. In 2018 the OJSC “Spetsmash” for the Research Center “Thermodeform” (Magnitogorsk) constructed an experimental horizontal CCM, designed for casting of billets of 40—60 mm diameter by direct casting of melt from the crucible of 60 kg induction furnace into the metal reservoir 776 of the machine. Development of a project of horizontal CCM for PJSC “PlasmaTek” (Ukraine, Vinnitsy) finished, designed for production of billets of 50 and 60 mm diameter within a complex of equipment for manufacturing welding electrodes not only of alloyed but also of carbon steel grades. The designed productivity of the complex is 12,000 t/year. Basic technical characteristics of the CCM presented. Small-capacity production with horizontal CCMs can be organized as independent objects and within existing steel-works for expanding product range.

A Preliminary Study of Fabrication Technology for Dynamic Compression Plates Using Centrifugal Casting Process

The high cost of health services in low-income countries has caused them to produce implants and medical devices at low cost. This research highlights a preliminary study of the design concept, mould design, and fabrication of horizontal type centrifugal casting machines for the manufacture of dynamic compression plates materials. Normally, dynamic compression plate is produced from materials such as 316L stainless steel, cobalt, and titanium alloys. In this work, aluminium-silicon alloy was used in this preliminary study. Aluminium-silicon alloy was melted at a temperature of 730 °C and poured into a mould with a rotational speed of 1500 rpm. Tensile, hardness and microstructure investigation were carried out to discern the mechanical properties of the cast product from the horizontal type centrifugal casting machine. Results showed the measured value of tensile strength is not significantly different in the two zones of cast pipe, the butt zone of fall of molten metal (specimen A) was 147 MPa, and the butt-end zone (specimen B) was 142 MPa. The hardness value for the as-cast pipe obtained from the outside, middle, and inside, was 104.0, 92.9, and 80.3 HV, respectively. Evaluation of microporosity in fractures (from tensile test) results from horizontal type centrifugal castings showed a small distribution. Meanwhile, the calculation of the contour hole processing time for DCP with eight holes is 38 minutes per implant.

Exophoria: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment. The modern view on the problem. Literature review

Purpose. Create a summary classification of exophoria. To propose an optimal algorithm for optometric and surgical methods of treatment. A modern view of the problem. It is optimal to subdivide exophoria according to the state of the vergent-duction balance into divergence excess, basic exophoria, convergence insufficiency, divergence pseudo-excess, lateral gaze incomitance. By the degree of compensation for compensated, subcompensated, uncompensated, decompensated. In combination with alphabetic pattern for exophoria without pattern, exophoria in combination with horizontal type A pattern, exophoria in combination with vertical type A pattern, exophoria in combination with horizontal type V pattern, exophoria in combination with vertical type V pattern. Features of optimal optical and prismatic correction depend on the state of the vergent-duction balance. In cases of exophoria without pattern surgical treatment is carried out during the transition from a state of subcompensation to non-compensation. In case of exophoria with horizontal-type alphabetical pattern, combined horizontal-transpositional surgery is optimal: elimination of exophoria, the protocol is based on the amount of deviation in the direct gaze position; elimination of the pattern, the protocol is based on vertical transposition of muscles of horizontal action. In cases of exophoria with vertical-type pattern, it is necessary to perform staged vertical-horizontal surgery: stage 1 – elimination of vertical heterotropy in adduction; stage 2 – elimination of exophoria (the protocol is based on the amount of deviation in the direct gaze position). Conclusions. The treatment protocol should be based on a reliably diagnosed diagnosis and consists at the pre-surgical stage in the optimal optical and prismatic correction, the appointment of orthopto-diplopto-prismatic treatment. The effectiveness of treatment is assessed by the dynamics of the disease: the magnitude of exodeviation and the stage of compensation. The protocol of surgical treatment must be reasonable and timely. Key words: exophoria, divergence excess, convergence insufficiency, basic exotropia, lateral gaze incomitance, alphabet pattern.

Transient Channel Sagging Measurements Under Severe Thermal Loading Condition: An Optical Imaging Approach

Whenever, any engineering system comprising of internally heated channel/tube is exposed to the severe thermal load, the sagging or deflection measurement becomes inevitable task from its safety/design analysis perspective. As an example, in a typical horizontal type nuclear reactor safety study, it is fundamentally required to measure sagging of the channels during a postulated accidental scenario analysis. Unfortunately, measurement of the transient deflection/sagging of the channel under harsh environment at extreme temperatures is a challenging task, and cannot be performed by the means of conventional intrusive approaches. Present study proposes a non-contact digital imaging method with laser generator and bandwidth filter, which is tested to measure the continuous channel sagging in a uniquely designed test-rig. A scaled-down channel setup simulating the horizontal type nuclear reactor is used during the implementation of the present approach for sagging analysis at elevated temperatures. Digital edge detection tool with Canny method is used to extract digital edges from recorded grayscale images, wherein successive images are used to measure transient sagging. Results are compared with post-test channel deflection measurements, and difference in measurement is found to be less than ±10 percent of post-test deflection.

The effectiveness of marketing tools in a consumer goods market in Italy during the Great Recession (2010-2015)

In the case of markets characterized by a stationary primary demand, the relevant dimension for measuring a company’s success is represented by market shares. The paper aims to build and comment on a model that gauges the competitive effects of marketing maneuvers on market shares, with reference to tea-based beverages in Italy in the period November 2010 – October 2015. This analysis will be instrumental in establishing the effectiveness of marketing policies based on promotions or advertising. We estimate such a model on weekly data provided by IRI Infoscan and Nielsen, involving the top five brands in the Italian market. After a descriptive analysis and a stationarity test, we estimate a Multinomial Logit model, making use of the Seemingly Unrelated Regressions method. The results allow us to identify the effectiveness of each brand’s marketing policies. Moreover, they enable us to derive the matrices of direct and cross elasticities of brands’ market shares with respect to the main marketing tools (price, promotions, distribution, advertising investments) and to compare basic and average market shares. Based on these results, it is therefore possible to identify the market’s competitive structure, revealing the most incisive factors to be price and weighted distribution, while advertising investments are significant in only a few cases and elasticities are remarkably low. The competitive structure appears to be of a horizontal type (i.e., cross elasticities do not vary greatly).

IMPACT OF MALOCCLUSION OF CLASS ІІ1 ACCORDING TO ANGLE’S CLASSIFICATION METHOD ON FACIAL ESTHETICS

The aim: There is no information on the esthetic features of the face, which are typical of the patients with late mixed occlusion with maxillodental anomalies of Angle’s class II1 depending on the types of mandible growth in domestic and foreign literature. To study the esthetic peculiarities in the face profile, which are typical of the patients aged 10-13 with maxillodental anomalies of Angle’s class II1 with different types of mandible growth. Materials and methods: 55 patients aged 10-13 with maxillodental anomalies of Angle’s class II1 were examined. Teenagers were divided into five groups depending on the type of mandible growth. 82 photostatic images in profile were analyzed. Soft tissue analysis was performed using the Viasis method. Results: Face profile was studied based on the following indicators: convexity angle of the face profile Viazis (<V), profile angle by Schwarz (<T), the angle of the face profile shape (<gl-UL -pg), Th-me / NoV angle, nasolabial angle, labial angle (<L), mentolabial angle. Conclusions: Photometric study in 55 patients aged 10-13 with maxillodental anomalies of Angle’s class I and analysis of the results depending on the types of mandible growth prove the presence of a retrogenic type of the lower third of the face, convex shape of the profile, the development of posterior bite of varying severity. All patients were reported to have changes in the indicators of the lips position and non-harmonious development of their faces. The greatest esthetic changes were reported in the group of patients with a component of horizontal type of mandible growth.

Pengujian Karakteristik Turbin Angin Tipe Horizontal Sudu Flat Multiblade Dengan Pengaturan Sudut Sudu

One effort to overcome the energy crisis is to utilize wind energy as a power source. Angina power Plant is a method for generating electrical energy by rotating the angina turbine connected with the generator, the electric energy produced by the generator is stored in an element of electric energy storage (battery). The next one will be channeled to load center like household. The Perarancangan of the horizontal type flat Multiblade Sudu is using a microcontroller that can change the angle of the sudu according to the wind speed so as to maximize the power of wind potential energy. For a sudu angle setting that can adjust the speed of the wind, use two servo motors that have been control by the Arduinouno from the input anemometer so that the angle of the sudu can adjust the wind speed. The results have shown that the turbine-angle arrangement of the turbines can increase the rotation of the wind turbine, thereby increasing the voltage raised in the generator. The optimal angle of the Sudu is at a 15o angle, at a wind speed of 9.5 m/s, resulting in a turbine round of 610 rpm.