Noninvasive Method and Metric for Monitoring Lung Condition

AbstractPrediabetes affects one in three people and has a 10% annual conversion rate to type 2 diabetes without lifestyle or medical interventions. Management of glycemic health is essential to prevent progression to type 2 diabetes. However, there is currently no commercially-available and noninvasive method for monitoring glycemic health to aid in self-management of prediabetes. There is a critical need for innovative, practical strategies to improve monitoring and management of glycemic health. In this study, using a dataset of 25,000 simultaneous interstitial glucose and noninvasive wearable smartwatch measurements, we demonstrated the feasibility of using noninvasive and widely accessible methods, including smartwatches and food logs recorded over 10 days, to continuously detect personalized glucose deviations and to predict the exact interstitial glucose value in real time with up to 84% and 87% accuracy, respectively. We also establish methods for designing variables using data-driven and domain-driven methods from noninvasive wearables toward interstitial glucose prediction.

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Automatic Evaluation of the Lung Condition of COVID-19 Patients Using X-ray Images and Convolutional Neural Networks

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11010028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Ivan Lorencin ◽

Sandi Baressi Šegota ◽

Nikola Anđelić ◽

Anđela Blagojević ◽

Tijana Šušteršić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Convolutional Neural Networks ◽

Clinical Picture ◽

Data Augmentation ◽

Lower Amount ◽

Training Procedure ◽

X Ray ◽

Severe Clinical Picture ◽

Lung Condition

COVID-19 represents one of the greatest challenges in modern history. Its impact is most noticeable in the health care system, mostly due to the accelerated and increased influx of patients with a more severe clinical picture. These facts are increasing the pressure on health systems. For this reason, the aim is to automate the process of diagnosis and treatment. The research presented in this article conducted an examination of the possibility of classifying the clinical picture of a patient using X-ray images and convolutional neural networks. The research was conducted on the dataset of 185 images that consists of four classes. Due to a lower amount of images, a data augmentation procedure was performed. In order to define the CNN architecture with highest classification performances, multiple CNNs were designed. Results show that the best classification performances can be achieved if ResNet152 is used. This CNN has achieved AUCmacro¯ and AUCmicro¯ up to 0.94, suggesting the possibility of applying CNN to the classification of the clinical picture of COVID-19 patients using an X-ray image of the lungs. When higher layers are frozen during the training procedure, higher AUCmacro¯ and AUCmicro¯ values are achieved. If ResNet152 is utilized, AUCmacro¯ and AUCmicro¯ values up to 0.96 are achieved if all layers except the last 12 are frozen during the training procedure.

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Successful treatment of pyopneumothorax secondary to Streptococcus constellatus infection with linezolid: a case report and review of the literature

Journal of Medical Case Reports ◽

10.1186/s13256-020-02475-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhaorui Zhang ◽

Binbin Xiao ◽

Zhixin Liang

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Rare Event ◽

Good Choice ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Computed Tomography Scan ◽

Streptococcus Constellatus ◽

First Case ◽

Drug Sensitivity Test ◽

Lung Condition ◽

Tomography Scan

Abstract Background Pyopneumothorax secondary to Streptococcus constellatus infection is a clinically rare event, and few cases have been reported. Case presentation We report the case of a 55-year-old Han Chinese man with underlying diabetes who presented with fever of 17 days duration. A pulmonary computed tomography scan revealed right-sided massive pyopneumothorax. A culture of the pleural effusion and blood grew S. constellatus. A drug sensitivity test showed that the isolate was sensitive to linezolid, penicillin G, cefotaxime, vancomycin, and cefuroxime. Our patient was treated with linezolid for a total of 6 weeks. Subsequently, his chest computed tomography scan showed improved lung condition. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of pyopneumothorax secondary to S. constellatus to be treated with linezolid. Pyopneumothorax may be caused by streptococcal infection, and linezolid is another good choice for treatment.

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Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 in a child who underwent ventricular septal defect device closure: a case report

European Heart Journal - Case Reports ◽

10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa478 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Saud A Bahaidarah ◽

Ahmed M Dohain ◽

Gaser Abdelmohsen ◽

Abeer A Alnajjar ◽

Jameel Al-Ata

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Failure ◽

Ventricular Septal Defect ◽

Septal Defect ◽

Systolic Dysfunction ◽

Oral Intake ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Multiple Risk Factors ◽

Late Closure ◽

Lung Condition ◽

Poor Oral Intake

Abstract Background Studies about the incidence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children are still significantly lower than those in adults. Moreover, data on the effect of COVID-19 in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are limited. To the best of our knowledge, this study first reported mortality in a child with CHD who acquired COVID-19. Case summary A 16-month-old boy presented to the emergency department due to shortness of breath, fever, cough, and poor oral intake. He tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). He required mechanical ventilation for rapidly progressing respiratory failure. The patient had a large mid-muscular ventricular septal defect (VSD) that was closed percutaneously at the age of 13 months. Moreover, we followed his hospital sequelae from admission to death. Discussion This child had multiple risk factors, including malnutrition and persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH) after late closure of the VSD. The pre-existing PH could have been aggravated by the lung condition associated with COVID-19 and the respiratory failure triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient presented with ventricular systolic dysfunction, elevated troponin serum levels and newly developed trifascicular block, which were indicative of myocardial injury. The elevated inflammatory markers and multi-organ dysfunction seem to corroborate multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, which was described recently among paediatric patients with COVID-19.

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