scholarly journals Successful treatment of pyopneumothorax secondary to Streptococcus constellatus infection with linezolid: a case report and review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaorui Zhang ◽  
Binbin Xiao ◽  
Zhixin Liang
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Streptococcus Constellatus ◽  
First Case ◽  
Drug Sensitivity Test ◽  
Lung Condition ◽  
Tomography Scan

Abstract Background Pyopneumothorax secondary to Streptococcus constellatus infection is a clinically rare event, and few cases have been reported. Case presentation We report the case of a 55-year-old Han Chinese man with underlying diabetes who presented with fever of 17 days duration. A pulmonary computed tomography scan revealed right-sided massive pyopneumothorax. A culture of the pleural effusion and blood grew S. constellatus. A drug sensitivity test showed that the isolate was sensitive to linezolid, penicillin G, cefotaxime, vancomycin, and cefuroxime. Our patient was treated with linezolid for a total of 6 weeks. Subsequently, his chest computed tomography scan showed improved lung condition. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of pyopneumothorax secondary to S. constellatus to be treated with linezolid. Pyopneumothorax may be caused by streptococcal infection, and linezolid is another good choice for treatment.

scholarly journals Unexpected tumor response to palliative pelvic radiotherapy in mismatch repair-deficient advanced prostate cancer: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Aluisio ◽  
Ercole Mazzeo ◽  
Frank Lohr ◽  
Federica Fiocchi ◽  
Stefania Bettelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Mismatch Repair ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
First Case ◽  
Repair Deficiency ◽  
Tomography Scan

Abstract Background Mismatch-repair-deficiency resulting in microsatellite instability (MSI) may confer increased radiosensitivity in locally advanced/metastatic tumors and thus radiotherapy (RT) potentially might have a changing role in treating this subset of patients, alone or in combination with checkpoint inhibitors. Case presentation We report a 76 year-old Italian male patient presenting with locally advanced undifferentiated prostate cancer (LAPC), infiltrating bladder and rectum. Molecular analysis revealed high-MSI with an altered expression of MSH2 and MSH6 at immunohistochemistry. Two months after 6 chemotherapy cycles with Docetaxel associated to an LHRH analogue, a computed tomography scan showed stable disease. After palliative RT (30 Gy/10 fractions) directed to the tumor mass with a 3D-conformal setup, a follow-up computed tomography scan at 8 weeks revealed an impressive response that remained stable at computed tomography after 9 months, with sustained biochemical response. To our knowledge, this is the first case of such a sustained response to low dose RT alone in high-MSI LAPC. Conclusions Routine evaluation of MSI in patients with locally problematic advanced tumors might change treatment strategy and treatment aim in this setting, from a purely palliative approach to a quasi-curative paradigm.

scholarly journals Radiologic Findings of Splenic Abscess: A Report of Two Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Sule M.B ◽  
Umar A.U ◽  
Gele I.H ◽  
Ribah M.M ◽  
Aliyu A.Z
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Splenic Abscess ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
First Case ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Tomography Scan

Splenic abscess is a very rare entity with an incidence of about 0.14-0.7% in autopsy studies. Splenic abscess has been reported to have a mortality rate of about47%, it has various causes but usually associated with trauma and infections of the spleen. We report two cases of splenic abscess; a child with post traumatic cause and a middle aged lady with an unknown cause. Both cases were diagnosed of having the abscess following imaging; the first case had abdominopelvic ultrasound that showed an abscess cavity with a volume of about 11mls and subsequently resolved following medical treatment with intravenous antimicrobial agents. The second case however had an abdominopelvic computed tomography scan that showed a huge splenic abscess with a volume of about 1400mls; she had a successful splenectomy. We report the radiologic findings of these cases due to the rare nature of splenic abscess as reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Gallbladder volvulus and hernia through the foramen of Winslow: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toan Huy Nguyen ◽  
Kinh Huy Tran ◽  
Xuan Anh Le ◽  
Huong Van Nguyen ◽  
Quyet Van Ha
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Foramen Of Winslow ◽  
First Case ◽  
Hypochondriac Region ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tomography Scan

Abstract Gallbladder hernia through the foramen of Winslow is an uncommon condition and gallbladder hernia combined with volvulus is even rarer. A 70-year-old patient was hospitalized with the clinical signs of pain in the right hypochondriac region associated with fever. The computed tomography scan images showed some signs of gallbladder herniation through the foramen of Winslow. We decided to remove the gallbladder and found the gallbladder infundibulum twisted and necrotic. This was the first case of a male patient who suffered from gallbladder herniation with volvulus after three cases of female patients reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Gambaran Hasil CT-Scan Toraks pada Pasien Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

e-CliniC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia R. E. Malaru ◽  
Alfa G. E. Y. Rondo ◽  
Christilia G. Wagiu
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Ground Glass ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
First Case ◽  
Tomography Scan ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Indonesia reported its first case in March 2, 2020. Cases are increasing and spreading rapidly throughout Indonesia. One of the main imaging modalities for examination of COVID-19 is chest computed tomography scan (CT-scan) which plays an important role in detection, evaluation of severity, and follow-up of disease course. This study was aimed to obtain the description of CT scan results in patients with COVID-19. This was a literature review study using three databases, namely Pubmed, ClinicalKey, and ScienceDirect. The keywords used were COVID-19 AND Chest CT. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were 10 literatures selected. It was found that chest CT results could accurately evaluate the features and extent of lung lesions. The typical CT-scan results were ground-glass opacities (GGO), GGO with mixed consolidation, adjacent pleural thickening, interlobular septal thickening, and air bronchogram. Based on age, sex, and comorbidities, there was not any significant differences in chest CT findings. In conclusion, GGO, air bronchogram, and consolidation were found in chest CT-scan of COVID-19 patients. Meanwhile, based on age, sex, and comorbidities there were no significant differences in chest CT-scan.Keywords: COVID-19, chest CT-scan Abstrak: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan suatu penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Indonesia melaporkan kasus pertama pada tanggal 2 Maret 2020. Kasus meningkat dan menyebar dengan cepat di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Salah satu modalitas pencitraan utama yang menjadi pilihan untuk pemeriksaan COVID-19 ialah Computed Tomography Scan (CT-scan) toraks yang berperan penting dalam deteksi, evaluasi keparahan, dan tindak lanjut perjalanan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran hasil CT-scan pada pasien COVID-19. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review dengan pencarian data menggunakan tiga database yaitu Pubmed, ClinicalKey, ScienceDirect. Kata kunci yang digunakan yaitu COVID-19 AND Chest CT. Hasil seleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi mendapatkan 10 literatur. Didapatkan hasil CT-scan toraks dapat secara akurat mengevaluasi fitur dan luas lesi paru dan CT-scan yang khas ialah ground-glass opacities (GGO), GGO dengan konsolidasi campuran, penebalan pleura yang berdekatan, penebalan septum interlobular, dan bronkogram udara. Pada temuan CT-scan toraks berdasarkan usia, dan jenis kelamin tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat GGO, air bronchogram, dan konsolidasi pada CT-scan toraks pasien COVID-19 sedangkan berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, dan komorbid tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna.Kata kunci: COVID-19, CT-scan toraks

scholarly journals Multiple Tracheal Diverticula in a COVID-19 Positive Patient

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110346
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Garefis ◽  
Konstantinos Tarazis ◽  
Konstantinos Gkiouzelis ◽  
Anastasia Kipriotou ◽  
Iordanis Konstantinidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Tracheal Diverticulum ◽  
Tomography Scan ◽  
Paratracheal Air Cyst

A tracheal diverticulum is a type of paratracheal air cyst and is usually an incidental finding after a computed tomography scan of the neck and thorax. With an incidence between 1% and 4% in adults, tracheal diverticula are rare entities that can be symptomatic in certain cases. We present a case of a COVID-19 positive patient who presented to our hospital and was diagnosed with multiple tracheal diverticula during his hospitalization.

scholarly journals Pulmonary coinfection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Tropheryma whipplei: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Binghua Zhu ◽  
Jing Tang ◽  
Rong Fang ◽  
Xuejie Fei ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Tropheryma Whipplei ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Tomography Scan ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract Background We diagnosed a clinical case of pulmonary infection involving Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Tropheryma whipplei in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The diagnosis was assisted by metagenomic next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Case presentation A 44-year-old Han Chinese inmate was transferred to the emergency department because of dry cough, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. The patient’s body temperature rose to 39.3 °C following empirical cephalosporin treatment for 1 week. The blood CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 0.7, suggesting immunodeficiency. Routine microbiological tests were performed, and tuberculosis interferon gamma release assays were positive. Mycobacterium tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction was also positive. Chest computed tomography scan revealed miliary nodules and ground-glass opacifications, which were in accordance with tuberculosis. To fully examine the etiology, we performed routine laboratory tests and metagenomic sequencing, the results of which indicated the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Tropheryma whipplei. We administered anti-tuberculosis regimen in combination with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The patient recovered, with chest computed tomography scan showing absorption of lesions. Conclusions Compared with traditional diagnostic methods such as culture and serology, metagenomic next-generation sequencing has the advantage of detecting a wide array of microorganisms in a single test and therefore can be used for clinical diagnosis of rare pathogens and microbial coinfections. It is particularly useful for immunocompromised patients as they are more prone to infection by opportunistic microorganisms.

Numerical assessment of natural respiration and particles deposition in the computed tomography scan airway with a glomus tumour

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440892110240
Author(s):  
Digamber Singh
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Glomus Tumour ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract ◽  
Airflow Pattern ◽  
Human Airways ◽  
Tomography Scan

The human respiratory tract has a complex airflow pattern. If any obstruction is present in the airways, it will change the airflow pattern and deposit particles inside the airways. This is the concern of breath quality (inspired air), and it is decreasing due to the unplanned production of material goods. This is a primary cause of respiratory illness (asthma, cancer, etc.). Therefore, it is important to identify the flow characteristics in the human airways and airways with a glomus tumour with particle deposition. A numerical diagnosis is presented with an asymmetric unsteady-state light breathing condition (10 l/min). An in vitro human respiratory tract model has been reconstructed using computed tomography scan techniques and an artificial glomus tumour developed 2 cm above a carina on the posterior wall of the trachea. The transient flow characteristics are numerically simulated with a realizable (low Reynolds number) k–ɛ turbulence model. The flow disturbance is captured around the tumour, which influenced the upstream and downstream of the flow. The flow velocity pattern, wall shear stress and probable area of inflammation (hotspot) due to suspended particle deposition are determined, which may assist doctors more effectively in aerosol therapy and prosthetics of human airways illness.

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