Memory architecture for efficient utilization of SDRAM: a case study of the computation/memory access trade-off

Shift to The Front II Komplek Sukamukti Banjaran Project is one of the projects implemented by one of the companies engaged in telecommunications. In its implementation, each project including Shift to The Front II Komplek Sukamukti Banjaran has a time limit specified in the contract. Project scheduling is an important role in predicting both the cost and time in a project. Every project should be able to complete the project before or just in the time specified in the contract. Delay in a project can be anticipated by accelerating the duration of completion by using the crashing method with the application of linear programming. Linear programming will help iteration in the calculation of crashing because if linear programming not used, iteration will be repeated. The objective function in this scheduling is to minimize the cost. This study aims to find a trade-off between the costs and the minimum time expected to complete this project. The acceleration of the duration of this study was carried out using the addition of 4 hours of overtime work, 3 hours of overtime work, 2 hours of overtime work, and 1 hour of overtime work. The normal time for this project is 35 days with a service fee of Rp. 52,335,690. From the results of the crashing analysis, the alternative chosen is to add 1 hour of overtime to 34 days with a total service cost of Rp. 52,375,492. This acceleration will affect the entire project because there are 33 different locations worked on Shift to The Front II and if all these locations can be accelerated then the duration of completion of the entire project will be effective

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Selecting packaging material for dry food products by trade‐off of sustainability and performance: A case study on cookies and milk powder

Packaging Technology and Science ◽

10.1002/pts.2561 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 303-318

Author(s):

Maarten Baele ◽

An Vermeulen ◽

Dimitri Adons ◽

Roos Peeters ◽

Angelique Vandemoortele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Powder ◽

Food Products ◽

Packaging Material ◽

Trade Off ◽

Dry Food ◽

And Performance

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A design methodology for approximate multipliers in convolutional neural networks: A case of MNIST

International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) ◽

10.11591/ijres.v10.i1.pp1-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Kenta Shirane ◽

Takahiro Yamamoto ◽

Hiroyuki Tomiyama

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Neural Networks ◽

Convolutional Neural Network ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Critical Path ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Path Delay ◽

Trade Off ◽

Critical Path Delay

In this paper, we present a case study on approximate multipliers for MNIST Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). We apply approximate multipliers with different bit-width to the convolution layer in MNIST CNN, evaluate the accuracy of MNIST classification, and analyze the trade-off between approximate multiplier’s area, critical path delay and the accuracy. Based on the results of the evaluation and analysis, we propose a design methodology for approximate multipliers. The approximate multipliers consist of some partial products, which are carefully selected according to the CNN input. With this methodology, we further reduce the area and the delay of the multipliers with keeping high accuracy of the MNIST classification.

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Balancing the demands of validity and reliability in practice: Case study of a changing system of primary science summative assessment

London Review of Education ◽

10.14324/lre.18.2.06 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah G. Earle

Keyword(s):

Reliability And Validity ◽

Summative Assessment ◽

Teacher Assessment ◽

Primary Science ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Trade Off

Teacher summative judgements of children’s attainment in science, which are statutory at age 11 in England, require consideration of both valid sampling of the construct and reliable comparison of outcomes. In order to develop understanding of the enacted ‘trade off’ between validity and reliability, this three-year case study, within the Teacher Assessment in Primary Science (TAPS) project, was undertaken during a period of statutory assessment change in England. The case demonstrates an ongoing balancing act between the demands of reliability and validity, and resulted in the development of a teacher assessment seesaw, which provides a model for both interpreting and supporting practice, within and beyond primary science.

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FLEXIBILITY VS. SPECIALISATION IN RO-RO SHIPPING IN THE SOUTH BALTIC SEA

Transport ◽

10.3846/16484142.2012.719544 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 250-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Johan Woxenius

Keyword(s):

Baltic Sea ◽

Transport System ◽

Open Systems ◽

The South ◽

Trade Off ◽

Short Sea Shipping ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Empirical Context ◽

Selection Of

The trade-off between flexibility and specialisation implies delicate tasks for transport system designers and marketing managers. The outcome of their efforts ranges from highly specialised solutions for a restricted number of users and types of cargoes to very open systems for common use adapted to accommodate a wide variety of transport demands. The purpose of this article is to adapt theories on openness and trade-offs, characterise a selection of flexible and specialised European short sea shipping concepts and analyse how substantial changes in the future character of the competition with road and rail can affect the development of ro-ro shipping in the South Baltic Sea. A matrix with commercial openness and technological openness on the axes is used for categorising sub-segments in the empirical context of the South Baltic Sea. Foreseeable changes in key cost and competition parameters until 2020 are taken into account in discussing potential scenarios. A plausible outcome for the ferry/ro-ro shipping segment is that a branch with slow services for unaccompanied freight will be diverted from the current homogenous market offerings. During the study, the Swedish Orient Line launched a service with these characteristics, which is analysed in a case study.

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Left Behind: Labor Unions and Redistributive Policy under the Brazilian Workers’ Party

Comparative Politics ◽

10.5129/001041522x16280973839810 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrés Schipani

Keyword(s):

Labor Unions ◽

Party Organization ◽

Strong Ties ◽

Trade Off ◽

Redistributive Policy ◽

Left Behind ◽

Redistributive Policies ◽

Labor Leaders ◽

Leftist Parties

How do leftist governments negotiate the trade-off between courting union support and maintaining the business sector’s trust? Scholars have argued that leftist parties will remain accountable to their labor base when powerful unions have strong ties to centralized leftist parties. However, I argue that strong party-union ties and party leadership centralization may, in fact, insulate leftist presidents against redistributive pressures from below. When party-union ties allow labor leaders to develop careers as professional politicians, these leaders become more responsive to the party’s goals than to their union base. Further, a centralized party organization can exclude unions and leftist factions from the design of redistributive policies. To test my argument, I use a case study of Brazil under the administration of the Worker’s Party (PT).

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