A Review of Research on Civil Aviation Pilots’ Safety Mental Health Based on Personality Traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihan He ◽  
Yuanqing He
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Pilots

Racial Discrimination Predicts Mental Health Outcomes Beyond the Role of Personality Traits in a Community Sample of African Americans

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262095731
Author(s):  
Yara Mekawi ◽  
Courtland S. Hyatt ◽  
Jessica Maples-Keller ◽  
Sierra Carter ◽  
Vasiliki Michopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Hierarchical Regression

Despite a consistent body of work documenting associations between racial discrimination and negative mental health outcomes, the utility and validity of these findings have recently been questioned because some authors have posited that personality traits may account for these associations. To test this hypothesis in a community sample of African Americans ( n = 419, age: M = 43.96 years), we used bivariate relations and hierarchical regression analyses to determine whether racial discrimination accounted for additional variance in depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms beyond the role of personality. Bivariate relations between personality traits and racial discrimination were small and positive (i.e., rs ≈ .10). Regression results demonstrated that racial discrimination accounted for variance in depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress independent of personality traits ( ps < .01). These results suggest that personality traits do not fully explain associations between racial discrimination and negative mental health outcomes, further supporting the detrimental impact of racial discrimination on the mental health of African Americans.

Assessment of labor intensity indicators and factors affecting fatigue in civil aviation pilots based on the results of a questionnaire

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 356-364
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Zibarev ◽  
Igor V. Bukhtiyarov ◽  
Elena A. Valtseva ◽  
Andrej V. Tokarev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Delayed Reaction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fatigue Development ◽  
Aviation Pilots

Introduction. An essential feature of the professional activity of pilots of civil aviation aircraft is the high intensity of work due to pronounced emotional, intellectual, and sensory loads, unique work modes. The study aims to assess the intensity of work and the prevalence of factors affecting fatigue among civil aviation pilots according to an anonymous online questionnaire. Materials and methods. Experts surveyed 667 members of the flight crews in remote anonymous online questioning. We developed the questionnaires under the criteria for assessing the intensity of work, assessing the risk factors for fatigue development according to the ICAO recommendations, and analyzing the pilot's activity algorithm. The researchers used descriptive statistical methods to analyze the survey data. Results. The working conditions of pilots according to 7 indicators of tension correspond to class 3.2: a high level of intellectual loads (72-100% of pilots), a large number of overlapping time zones (18%), the maximum duration of concentrated observation (70.7%), a high density of signals and messages (29.9%), a significant number of objects of simultaneous observation (18.9%), a high degree of risk to one's own life and responsibility for the safety of others (98%), as well as a rough working day (79%). According to the totality of indicators, the general class of labor intensity corresponds to the highest degree (class 3.3). The factors affecting the fatigue of pilots include rare rest between flights (44.6% of respondents), intermittent sleep (59.9%), not always a full sleep before the night flight shift (85.9%). According to the survey results, the share of pilots who have spontaneous sleep during the flight is 74.3%, and frequently delayed reaction to usual, non - standard, or extreme stimuli and signals is 12.3%. Conclusions. The obtained data of the questionnaire survey confirm the results of psychophysiological studies that have shown that the level of the labor intensity of pilots is "super-intense or extreme." Therefore, considering the prevalence of factors affecting fatigue among the crew members, and based on the understanding of the fundamental problems noted by the pilots, it is necessary to develop measures and management solutions to minimize the risk factors for fatigue development.

scholarly journals Theories of Personality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra M Brandes ◽  
Kathleen Wade Reardon ◽  
Jennifer L Tackett
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Adult Individual ◽  
Foundational Research ◽  
The Life Course

The study of personality development has seen significant advances in the last two decades. For many years, youth and adult individual differences were studied from separate theoretical standpoints. However, more recent research has indicated that teenagers display personality traits in many of the same ways as adults. These personality traits are moderately stable throughout the life course, but there are important developmental shifts in their expression, structure, and maturation, especially in adolescence. This has resulted in an effort to study youth personality “in its own right” (Tackett, Kushner, De Fruyt, &amp; Mervielde, 2013). Early personality associations with important lifelong outcomes including academic achievement, mental health, and interpersonal relationships further underscore the importance of studying traits in youth. Here we discuss current consensus and controversy on adolescent personality and highlight foundational research on the topic.

scholarly journals Sanitary and hygienic assessment of working conditions of civil aviation pilots

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1084-1094
Author(s):  
Igor V. Bukhtiyarov ◽  
Evgeny V. Zibarev ◽  
Nicolay N. Kuryerov ◽  
Oksana V. Immel
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Separate Form ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Aviation Pilots

Introduction. The analysis of working conditions of pilots of civil aviation aircraft has been carried out according to the data of sanitary and hygienic characteristics (SHC). The non-compliances with hygiene standards for several factors have been established at the same time in all SHC. Materials and methods. The 220 SHC of pilots, who had been examined in the clinic of FSBSI RIOH due to suspicion of occupation disease from 2015 to 2019, conducting flights by plane (49%) and helicopter (51%) were analyzed. The methods of account of acoustic load, hygiene assessment and classification of working conditions, peer review methods, and statistical treatment methods have been used. Results. The working conditions, according to the criteria of the Guide R 2.2.2006-05, are assigned to the following classes: 3.2 - in 26%; 3.3 - in 41%; 3.4 - in 33%. Exceeding the permissible equivalent noise levels was recorded at 92% of workplaces. According to SHC, the exceedances were from 1.2 dB to 34.5 dB (class 3.1-3.4). In assessing the work intensity in 83% of cases from 5 to 11 indicators of class 3.2 were recorded. It has determined class 3.3 of work intensity. The levels of general vibration exceeded hygiene standards in 48% of cases (class 3.1- 3.2), local vibration - in 8% (class 3.1-3.2), microclimate parameters - in 67% (class 3.1-3.2), labour severity - in 22% (class 3.1-3.3), less often there were discrepancies in light (6%) and chemical factor (2%). Conclusion. According to a combination of factors, the overall assessment of working conditions of the pilots of civil aviation aircraft in 74% of cases is assigned to classes 3.3-3.4. However, the disadvantages and errors in filling out the SHC can underestimate the degree of harmfulness of the work. To improve the procedure of establishing the connection between the disease, and the profession it is necessary to amend the legislative framework to obtain objective information about the levels of factors affecting pilots, develop a separate form of SHC of working conditions of pilots, detailed instructions about the rules of filling out SHC.

scholarly journals How personality traits of neuroticism and extroversion predict the effects of the COVID-19 on the mental health of Canadians

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251097
Author(s):  
Anahita Shokrkon ◽  
Elena Nicoladis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Using Data

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic was first detected in China in December 2019 and spread to other countries fast. Some studies have found that COVID-19 pandemic has had adverse mental health consequences. Individual differences such as personality could contribute to people’s behaviors during a pandemic. In the current study, we examine how personality traits of neuroticism and extroversion (using the Five-Factor Model as our framework) are related to the mental health of Canadians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from an online survey with 1096 responses, this study performed multiple regression analysis to explore how personality traits of neuroticism and extroversion predict the effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of Canadians. The results showed that personality traits of neuroticism and extroversion are associated with the current mental health of Canadians during COVID-19 pandemic, with extroversion positively related to mental health and neuroticism negatively related to it. Results contribute to the management of individual responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and could help public health services provide personality-appropriate mental health services during this pandemic.

scholarly journals Stages of Developing Future Civil Aviation Pilots’ Vocabulary as an Essential Part of Their Professional Competence

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Т.А. Стародубцева ◽  
Е.Л. Воронянская
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Learning Modules ◽  
General Linguistic ◽  
Aviation Pilots

В статье рассматривается этапность развития одного из шести компонентов иноязычной компетентности — словарного запасa. Особое внимание уделяется понятийному содержанию этого термина, его структуре в методическом, общелингвистическом и авиационном контекстах, акцентируется внимание на специфике развития лексических навыков в авиационном вузе. Обосновывается важность словарного запаса в общей структуре иноязычной компетентности будущего пилота. Понятийный анализ термина «словарный запас» позволяет дать ему авторскую формулировку, в полном объеме раскрывающую его специфику применительно к обучающимся авиационного вуза с учетом регистра речи. Этапами в данном исследовании выступают учебные модули, предусмотренные учебным планом и основной образовательной программой вуза. В процессе наблюдения за речевой деятельностью курсантов выявляется частотность ошибок, допускаемых при употреблении слов. В ходе проведения анализа авторы руководствуются требованиями Международной организации гражданской авиации, предъявляемыми к языковой компетенции авиационных специалистов, и определяют объем словаря, необходимого для осуществления эффективной коммуникации. The article deals with the stage-by-stage approach to the development of one of the six components of foreign language competence — vocabulary. Special attention is given to the conceptual content of the term vocabulary, its structural components, related to teaching technique, general linguistic and aviation contexts. The authors emphasize the peculiarities of the development of lexical skills at Aviation Institutes. The paper emphasizes the importance of vocabulary in the general structure of foreign language competence. A conceptual analysis of the term “vocabulary” suggests usage of vocabulary with a focus on its specific features at Civil Aviation Institutes, with regard to the register of speech. In this study, the stages are considered to be the learning modules specified by the syllabus and the principal educational program of the Institute. The process of monitoring the cadets' foreign language performance has revealed the frequency of mistakes made in the use of words. In the course of the analysis, the authors follow the requirements of the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) for the language competence of aviation specialists and estimate the vocabulary size for effective communication.

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