The impact of different forms of statistical information on reading efficiency, effect, and mental workload: An eye-tracking study

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Zhong ◽  
Mi Li ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Shengfu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Reading Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Grading Investment Diversification Options in Presence of Non-Historical Financial Information

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 692
Author(s):  
Clara Calvo ◽  
Carlos Ivorra ◽  
Vicente Liern ◽  
Blanca Pérez-Gladish
Keyword(s):  
Risk Measure ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Expected Returns ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Expected Return ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Subjective Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Statistical Risk ◽  
Reduction Index

Modern portfolio theory deals with the problem of selecting a portfolio of financial assets such that the expected return is maximized for a given level of risk. The forecast of the expected individual assets’ returns and risk is usually based on their historical returns. In this work, we consider a situation in which the investor has non-historical additional information that is used for the forecast of the expected returns. This implies that there is no obvious statistical risk measure any more, and it poses the problem of selecting an adequate set of diversification constraints to mitigate the risk of the selected portfolio without losing the value of the non-statistical information owned by the investor. To address this problem, we introduce an indicator, the historical reduction index, measuring the expected reduction of the expected return due to a given set of diversification constraints. We show that it can be used to grade the impact of each possible set of diversification constraints. Hence, the investor can choose from this gradation, the set better fitting his subjective risk-aversion level.

scholarly journals The impact of translation modality on user experience: an eye-tracking study of the Microsoft Word user interface

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Guerberof Arenas ◽  
Joss Moorkens ◽  
Sharon O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Microsoft Word ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

AbstractThis paper presents results of the effect of different translation modalities on users when working with the Microsoft Word user interface. An experimental study was set up with 84 Japanese, German, Spanish, and English native speakers working with Microsoft Word in three modalities: the published translated version, a machine translated (MT) version (with unedited MT strings incorporated into the MS Word interface) and the published English version. An eye-tracker measured the cognitive load and usability according to the ISO/TR 16982 guidelines: i.e., effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction followed by retrospective think-aloud protocol. The results show that the users’ effectiveness (number of tasks completed) does not significantly differ due to the translation modality. However, their efficiency (time for task completion) and self-reported satisfaction are significantly higher when working with the released product as opposed to the unedited MT version, especially when participants are less experienced. The eye-tracking results show that users experience a higher cognitive load when working with MT and with the human-translated versions as opposed to the English original. The results suggest that language and translation modality play a significant role in the usability of software products whether users complete the given tasks or not and even if they are unaware that MT was used to translate the interface.

scholarly journals Eye Tracking Technology in Detecting the Switch Cost in the Intra-sentential Code-Switching Contexts

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Liqin Wu ◽  
Cuihua Xi
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Switch Cost ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Reading Efficiency ◽  
Areas Of Interest

Switch cost and cost site have been controversial issues in the code-switching studies. This research conducted an eye tracking experiment on eight bilingual subjects to measure their switch cost and cost site in comprehending the intra-sentential code-switching (Chinese and English) and the unilingual (pure Chinese) stimuli. The English words and their Chinese translations or equivalents were assumed as the key words in either a unilingual or an intra-sentential code-switching paragraph. These key words were located as areas of interest (AOI) with the same height and consisted of three word-frequency levels. After the experiment, the subjects were required to do a comprehension test to ensure their real understanding of the English words. Their performances in two different reading contexts were compared by adopting a paired sample t-test. Their eye movement data were validated by using 2 x 3 repeated measures ANOVA. It was revealed that: 1) the subjects’ scores in the intra-sentential code-switching contexts were higher than those in the unilingual ones, i.e. reading efficiency increased in the intra-sentential code-switching contexts; 2) word frequency had little effect on word recognition speed in the intra-sentential code-switching contexts, i.e., the least frequently used words did not necessarily take the subjects’ more time or vice versa; 3) even if a switch cost occurred(on rare occasions), it was not necessarily at the switching site, and low frequency words in alternating languages did impair performance even when the switch occurred at a sentence boundary.

scholarly journals Imitation models of aircraft hydraulic units with account for typical faults

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
A. M. Gareyev ◽  
I. A. Popelnyuk ◽  
D. M. Stadnik
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Accurate Localization ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Reference Curves ◽  
The Impact

А method based on comparing oscilloscope patterns of operational parameters with reference curves is one of the most promising methods of diagnosing hydraulic systems among the existing ones. Its implementation does not allow accurate localization of the faulty unit in the system and quantitative estimation of the magnitude of the fault. To eliminate these shortcomings, it is advisable to use simulation models of hydraulic units, taking into account typical faults of a hydraulic system. Their use makes it possible to evaluate the effect of a particular malfunction on the change of dynamic parameters at the stage of mathematical modeling. As a result of the analysis of statistical information and literary sources, characteristic faults of hydraulic systems are identified. Their causes and the impact on the operation of hydraulic units are examined. Simulation models of units taking into account typical faults are described in the Matlab / Simscape software package. They are implemented using a typical hydraulic system as an example. Dynamic characteristics of a hydraulic system in a healthy condition and those of a system with one of the characteristic faults are compared.

scholarly journals Are Photographs Worth More Than a Thousand Words? Examining the Effects of Photographic–Textual and Textual-Only Frames on Public Attitude Toward Nuclear Energy and Nanotechnology

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 948-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund W. J. Lee ◽  
Shirley S. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Public Attitude ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of photographic–textual and risk–benefit frames on the level of visual attention, risk perception, and public support for nuclear energy and nanotechnology in Singapore. Using a 2 (photographic–textual vs. textual-only frames) × 2 (risk vs. benefit frames) × 2 (nuclear energy vs. nanotechnology) between-subject design with eye-tracking data, the results showed that photographic–textual frames elicited more attention and did have partial amplification effect. However, this was observable only in the context of nuclear energy, where public support was lowest when participants were exposed to risk frames accompanied by photographs. Implications for theory and practice were discussed.

The Impact of Gaze Controlled Technology on Quality of Life

2012 ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Pasian ◽  
Fulvio Corno ◽  
Isabella Signorile ◽  
Laura Farinetti
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Gaze Control ◽  
Communication Method ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
The Impact

This chapter presents the process of introducing an eye tracking device to impaired users. It reports results from a gaze control user trial conducted with people for whom gaze control is a necessity due to their current condition or for whom it will soon become a necessity because of a progressive disease. Special attention is paid to the impact of this new communication method on their quality of life.

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