scholarly journals Are Photographs Worth More Than a Thousand Words? Examining the Effects of Photographic–Textual and Textual-Only Frames on Public Attitude Toward Nuclear Energy and Nanotechnology

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 948-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund W. J. Lee ◽  
Shirley S. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Public Attitude ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of photographic–textual and risk–benefit frames on the level of visual attention, risk perception, and public support for nuclear energy and nanotechnology in Singapore. Using a 2 (photographic–textual vs. textual-only frames) × 2 (risk vs. benefit frames) × 2 (nuclear energy vs. nanotechnology) between-subject design with eye-tracking data, the results showed that photographic–textual frames elicited more attention and did have partial amplification effect. However, this was observable only in the context of nuclear energy, where public support was lowest when participants were exposed to risk frames accompanied by photographs. Implications for theory and practice were discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of individuality, education, and image on visual attention: Analyzing eye-tracking data using machine learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangwon Lee ◽  
Yongha Hwang ◽  
Yan Jin ◽  
Sihyeong Ahn ◽  
Jaewan Park
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
The Impact

Machine learning, particularly classification algorithms, constructs mathematical models from labeled data that can predict labels for new data. Using its capability to identify distinguishing patterns among multi-dimensional data, we investigated the impact of three factors on the observation of architectural scenes: Individuality, education, and image stimuli. An analysis of the eye-tracking data revealed that (1) a velocity histogram was unique to individuals, (2) students of architecture and other disciplines could be distinguished via endogenous parameters, but (3) they were more distinct in terms of seeking structural versus symbolic elements. Because of the reverse nature of the classification algorithms that automatically learn from data, we could identify relevant parameters and distinguishing eye-tracking patterns that have not been reported in previous studies.

scholarly journals Nutri-Score and Nutrition Facts Panel through the Eyes of the Consumer: Correct Healthfulness Estimations Depend on Transparent Labels, Fixation Duration, and Product Equivocality

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2915
Author(s):  
Saar Bossuyt ◽  
Kathleen Custers ◽  
José Tummers ◽  
Laura Verbeyst ◽  
Bert Oben
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Nutrition Facts Panel ◽  
The Impact

Research on front-of-pack labels (FOPLs) demonstrated that Nutri-Score is one of the most promising FOPLs regarding healthfulness estimation accuracy. Nevertheless, as consumers are exposed to both the Nutri-Score and the mandatory Nutrition Facts Panel (NFP) in the supermarket, it is key to understand if and how both labels interact. This study investigates the contribution of Nutri-Score and NFP regarding healthfulness estimation accuracy, whether this impact differs depending on the product, and what role visual attention plays. We set up an eye-tracking experiment in a controlled setting in which 398 participants rated the healthfulness of 20 products. The results confirmed the positive impact of the Nutri-Score on healthfulness estimation accuracy, though the impact was larger for equivocal (i.e., difficult to judge) products. Interestingly, NFP either had no effect (compared to a package without Nutri-Score or NFP) or a negative effect (compared to a package with Nutri-Score alone) on healthfulness estimation accuracy. Eye-tracking data corroborated that ‘cognitive overload’ issues could explain why consumers exposed to Nutri-Score alone outperformed those exposed to both Nutri-Score and NFP. This study offers food for thought for policymakers and the industry seeking to maximize the potential of the Nutri-Score.

scholarly journals Understanding the role of visual attention on wines’ purchase intention: an eye-tracking study

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Patrícia Monteiro ◽  
João Guerreiro ◽  
Sandra Maria Correia Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quality Perceptions ◽  
Consumption Situation ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Wine bottles compete for consumers’ attention in the shelf during the decisive moment of choice. This study aims to explore the role that visual attention to wine labels has on the purchase decision and the mediating role of quality perceptions and desire on such purchase behaviours. Wine awards and consumption situation are used as moderators.. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted in Portugal and 36 individuals participated in a 2 × 2 within subjects design (awarded/not awarded × self-consumption/social-consumption). For each scenario, individuals’ attention, perceptions of quality, desire and purchase intentions were recorded. Findings Data from eye-tracking shows that, during the purchase process, the amount of attention given to a bottle is determinant of individuals’ purchase intentions, a relationship that increases in significance for bottles with awards and for when consumers are buying wine for a consumption situation involving a social environment. In addition, both quality perceptions and desire are confirmed to positively influence wines’ purchase intentions. Originality/value By using an eye monitoring method, this paper brings new insights into the wine industry by highlighting the impact that wines’ labels and different consumption situations have on individuals’ attention and purchase intention. Wine producers and retailers may benefit from the insights provided by the current study to refine their communication strategies by either highlighting product characteristics and pictorial elements, as it is the case of the awards, or communicating about their products for different consumption situations.

scholarly journals How the fear of COVID-19 changed the way we look at human faces

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11380
Author(s):  
Giovanni Federico ◽  
Donatella Ferrante ◽  
Francesco Marcatto ◽  
Maria Antonella Brandimonte
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Human Faces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Basic Level ◽  
The Way

Do we look at persons currently or previously affected by COVID-19 the same way as we do with healthy ones? In this eye-tracking study, we investigated how participants (N = 54) looked at faces of individuals presented as “COVID-19 Free”, “Sick with COVID-19”, or “Recovered from COVID-19”. Results showed that participants tend to look at the eyes of COVID-19-free faces longer than at those of both COVID-19-related faces. Crucially, we also found an increase of visual attention for the mouth of the COVID-19-related faces, possibly due to the threatening characterisation of such area as a transmission vehicle for SARS-CoV-2. Thus, by detailing how people dynamically changed the way of looking at faces as a function of the perceived risk of contagion, we provide the first evidence in the literature about the impact of the pandemic on the most basic level of social interaction.

Triggering and Detecting Attentional Narrowing in Controlled Environments

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C. Prinet ◽  
Alexander C. Mize ◽  
Nadine Sarter
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Attention Performance ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Source Of Information

Attentional narrowing refers to a state in which operators, involuntarily and unconsciously, fail to process a subset of potentially critical information. Little is known about factors that trigger the phenomenon and how to detect and distinguish it from a related state, focused attention, where one deliberately concentrates on one source of information. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of three factors - workload, a novel difficult problem and incentive - for inducing attentional narrowing, and (2) identify markers of attentional narrowing and focused attention. Performance, eye-tracking data and anxiety levels were recorded while participants timeshared numerous tasks. When confronted with a novel problem, participants’ visual attention narrowed towards the affected task, and performance dropped on several tasks when all three factors were present. The findings from this study highlight promising means of inducing narrowing and show that eye-tracking, together with performance data, enable real-time detection of attentional narrowing.

scholarly journals Subtitling Virtual Reality into Arabic: Eye Tracking 360-Degree Video for Exploring Viewing Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-308
Author(s):  
El Mehdi Ibourk ◽  
Amer Al-Adwan
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tracking Technology ◽  
Viewing Experience

Abstract The recent years have witnessed the emergence of new approaches in filmmaking including virtual reality (VR), which is meant to achieve an immersive viewing experience through advanced electronic devices, such as VR headsets. The VR industry is oriented toward developing content mainly in English and Japanese, leaving vast audiences unable to understand the original content or even enjoy this novel technology due to language barriers. This paper examines the impact of the subtitles on the viewing experience and behaviour of eight Arab participants in understanding the content in Arabic through eye tracking technology. It also provides an insight on the mechanism of watching a VR 360-degree documentary and the factors that lead viewers to favour one subtitling mode over the other in the spherical environment. For this end, a case study was designed to produce 120-degree subtitles and Follow Head Immediately subtitles, followed by the projection of the subtitled documentary through an eye tracking VR headset. The analysis of the eye tracking data is combined with post-viewing interviews in order to better understand the viewing experience of the Arab audience, their cognitive reception and the reasons leading to favour one type of subtitles over the other.

scholarly journals Does eye-tracking have an effect on economic behavior?

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0254867
Author(s):  
Jennifer Kee ◽  
Melinda Knuth ◽  
Joanna N. Lahey ◽  
Marco A. Palma
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Social Desirability Bias ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
And Control

Eye-tracking is becoming an increasingly popular tool for understanding the underlying behavior driving human decisions. However, an important unanswered methodological question is whether the use of an eye-tracking device itself induces changes in participants’ behavior. We study this question using eight popular games in experimental economics chosen for their varying levels of theorized susceptibility to social desirability bias. We implement a simple between-subject design where participants are randomly assigned to either a control or an eye-tracking treatment. In seven of the eight games, eye-tracking did not produce different outcomes. In the Holt and Laury risk assessment (HL), subjects with multiple calibration attempts demonstrated more risk averse behavior in eye-tracking conditions. However, this effect only appeared during the first five (of ten) rounds. Because calibration difficulty is correlated with eye-tracking data quality, the standard practice of removing participants with low eye-tracking data quality resulted in no difference between the treatment and control groups in HL. Our results suggest that experiments may incorporate eye-tracking equipment without inducing changes in the economic behavior of participants, particularly after observations with low quality eye-tracking data are removed.

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