IoT Based Tap-Water Supply Alert System – An Application of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rao Raees Alam Khan ◽  
Faizan ur Rehman ◽  
Syed Saeed Jaffer ◽  
Syed Shoaib Hussain Zaidi ◽  
Sajid Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Alert System ◽  
M2m Communication ◽  
Machine To Machine

Some Experimental Discussion of Accuracies in Quantitative Virus Assessment for Water Supply

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Hisashi Sumitomo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Statistical Nature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Risk ◽  
Precise Assessment

Chlorination has been believed to be the best sterilization method in water supply engineering for many years. However, the recent carcinogenic problem of trihalomethanes (THM) formed from organic compounds by chlorination requires us to assess the public health risk of THM. The author tried an assessment of a suitable chlorination technique considering both the effects of THM and viruses on human health, using Lake Biwa as a representative example of a water resource in Japan. Statistical handling of data was revealed to be important because of the statistical nature of the data. In other words, since both concentrations are very low in tap water, we need to quantify both the effects and concentrations with probabilities. In the first part of this paper, a statistical procedure and numerical results of the assessment of virus and THM risks are shown. In the second part some results of accuracies in virus experiments are briefly shown. These experiments concerning statistical problems are particularly important for more precise assessment of the public risk of viruses in tap water.

Interactions of 2-PPM Lead in the Water Supply with Food Deprivation upon Maze-Swimming Behavior of Mice

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kowalski ◽  
G. H. Parker ◽  
M. A. Persinger
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Swimming Behavior ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Food Condition ◽  
Ad Libitum

Mice that had been given either tap water or 2 ppm lead in their drinking water and either severely food deprived (3 days before testing) or allowed food ad libitum demonstrated significant interactions of lead treatment by day by food condition and lead by block. Although not statistically significant, the food deprived-lead treated mice displayed more errors and longer latencies than the ad libitum-water controls. The food deprived-water controls and ad libitum-lead-treated mice displayed intermediate values. The importance of using multivariate statistical techniques that can evaluate dynamic repeated behavioral measurements is emphasized.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Mutagenicity of Municipal Tap Water from Two Different Water Supply Systems in Summer and Winter

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuko TAKAHASHI ◽  
Shin'ichi ISODA ◽  
Kiyoshi KOIZUMI ◽  
Koji OKI ◽  
Haruko SAITO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

Microplastics throughout a tap water supply network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Dalmau‐Soler ◽  
Rubèn Ballesteros‐Cano ◽  
Núria Ferrer ◽  
M. Rosa Boleda ◽  
Sílvia Lacorte
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Supply Network

scholarly journals Modeling of trihalomethane compounds formation in Baghdad water supply network

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Salam Ewaid ◽  
Salwan Abed ◽  
Nadhir Al-Ansari ◽  
Bassam Al-Farhani
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Water Supply Network ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Measured Water ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Dependent Factor

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of four trihalomethane compounds (THMs) in raw, treated, and drinking water of seven water purification plants and the residential neighborhoods nearby in Baghdad. About 350 samples gathered between January and October 2017 and analyzed by the gas chromatography method. Results showed that THM annual levels in tap water ranged between 12 and 97.3 μg·l–1 in winter and summer consecutively, with a mean concentration of 60 μg·l–1, these concentrations did not exceed the level recommended by the WHO and the Iraqi standards. Statistical modeling by SPSS software for the formation of THM (the dependent factor) in the water supply network was undertaken using the measured water quality parameters (as independent factors) and utilizing multiple regression analysis. The model obtained has a high correlation (r = 0.842) and approved that the most affecting parameters on THM formation are total organic carbon, temperature, turbidity, total solids, and chlorine dose. The model that was derived may be used for the purposes of choosing appropriate THM-reduction procedures and the use of chlorine for improving the method of disinfection.

scholarly journals Congestion-Aware Signaling Aggregation and Barring Scheme for LTE Based Machine-to-Machine Network

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fangmin Xu ◽  
Chao Qiu ◽  
Pengbiao Wang ◽  
Xiaokai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Cellular Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Wireless Access ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
M2m Communication ◽  
Machine To Machine ◽  
Core Networks ◽  
Congestion Aware

With the recently progress of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication technology, especially the enormous M2M devices and unique service of M2M, some challenges are emerging to the traditional wireless access and core networks, especially the congestion problem due to simultaneously bursty M2M service. Following this paradigm, the purpose of this paper is to support and optimize the signaling aggregation and barring of M2M services based on cellular network. With LTE network being the example access network, a congestion-aware signaling aggregation and barring scheme is designed considering the various requirements of M2M services and the congestion situation in the network entity. Theoretical analysis and experimental simulations show that this scheme can improve the system efficiency and greatly alleviate the signaling congestion, especially for the bursty M2M service.

scholarly journals Application of model fitting technique to enhance bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) measurement for drinking water supply monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjin Xue ◽  
Christopher W. K. Chow ◽  
John van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Bacterial Regrowth

Abstract The bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) method was utilised to indirectly measure the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) as an indicator for the assessment of the microbial regrowth potential in drinking water distribution systems. A model using various microbial growth parameters was developed in order to standardise the experimental interpretation for BRP measurement. This study used 82 experimental BRP data sets of water samples collected from the water treatment plant to locations (customer taps) in the distribution system. The data were used to model the BRP process (growth curve) by a data fitting procedure and to obtain a best-fitted equation. Statistical assessments and model validation for evaluating the equation obtained by fitting these 82 sets of data were conducted, and the results show average R2 values were 0.987 for treated water samples (collected at the plant prior to chlorination) and 0.983 for tap water (collected at the customer taps). The F values obtained from the F-test are all exceeded their corresponding F critical values, and the results from the t-test also showed a good outcome. These results indicate this model would be successfully applied in modelling BRP in drinking water supply systems.

Breast-Feeding and Fluoride

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-572
Author(s):  
Hersh W. Libo
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Caries Prevention ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Great Practical Importance

The value of fluoride treatment in dental caries prevention was again well emphasized by Ripa1 and the Leskes2 in the August issue of Pediatrics. One problem not discussed and of great practical importance to patient and physician is the child living in an area with a fluoridated public water supply who neither drinks water nor ingests it via tap water used for cooking, mixed frozen juices, etc. In our area and among our private patients, most infants are on preprepared formulas or on breast milk and take little or no tap water.

Machine-to-Machine Communications and Security Solution in Cellular Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Mahdy Saedy ◽  
Vahideh Mojtahed
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
M2m Communication ◽  
Machine To Machine ◽  
Efficient Machine ◽  
Cluster A ◽  
Terminal Structure

This paper introduces an efficient machine-to-machine (M2M) communication model based on 4G cellular systems. M2M terminals are capable of establishing Ad Hoc clusters wherever they are close enough. It is also possible to extend the cellular coverage for M2M terminals through multi-hop Ad Hoc connections. The M2M terminal structure is proposed accordingly to meet the mass production and security requirements. The security becomes more critical in Ad Hoc mode as new nodes attach to the cluster. A simplified protocol stack is considered here, while key components are introduced to provide secure communications between M2M and the network and also amongst M2M terminals.

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